Presentation Bridge Construction PPT

7/16/2019 Presentation Bridge Construction PPT

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Construction of Bridges

Materials suitable for the Construction of

Long-span Bridges

1. Stone – in arch masonry

2. Steel – in girder or box-section constructed in steel

plates and standard sections

3. Steel – truss constructed of standard sections

4. Reinforced Concrete – in arch or spanned forms5. Tensioned RC – in various forms

6. Precast – mainly in box-section girder

Common Bridge Forms

Simple Supported – span effective from 10m to 60mActual example – Route 3

Interchange at Au Tau, Yuen Long

Continuous Span – from 10m to 100m

Actual example – construction of a span of continual section

of elevated highway bridge at Route 3, Kwai Chung

Balanced Cantilever – span from 25m to 200m

Actual example – balanced cantilever bridge series

forming the approach to the Ting Kau Bridge

Balanced cantilever bridge

for viaduct of West Rail at

Au Tau Interchange

Balanced Cantilever Suspended Span – span from 50m to 300m

Steel Truss – 50m to 100m

Actual example –

5-span steel truss

bridge in western

part of Pearl River,

Guangzhou

Steel Arch (framed or trussed) – from 150m to 500m

Sydney Harbour Bridge

and its approach

Close up view of the

bridge trusses

Close up of the bridge at

the tower support

Cable suspension – from 400m to 1500m

The 1377m

span Tsing

Ma Bridge

Concrete Arch (ribbed or unribbed) – from 50m to 300m

Steel Arch – from

100m to 500m

The actual example – LuPoa Bridge, Shanghai (550m main span)

Cable stayed (multi-spanned) – from 50 to 500m per span

The 3-span cable-stayed Ting Kau Bridge

Cable stayed span – from 200m to 800m

Actual example – the connecting bridge from

Macau Mainland to the Island of Taipa in Macau

Example of box-sectioned

steel girder bridge

Structural Elements for Typical Bridges

1. Foundation –for bridge towers, portal frames or piers

2. Bridge Tower – the vertical supporting structure for cablesuspension or cable-stayed bridges

3. Pier – the vertical supporting structure for usual spanned bridges

4. Portal frame – cross beam between piers to support the deck

5. Bridge deck – the horizontal part of a bridge that support pedestrian or traffic activities

6. Bridge anchor – required only for suspension bridges tocounter resist the pull from the suspension cable

7. Suspension cable – for suspension and cable-stayed bridges

for the hanging, support or counter-balancing of the bridgedeck

The foundation of

the bridge tower of

Ting Kau Bridgeon Tsing Yi side

The foundation for the

Bridge Tower of Tsing MaBridge on the Tsing Yi side

Forming the foundation for piers of elevated highway bridges

Pier supports for an

elevated roadway

A portal frame serving

also as a transfer beam

in the Route 3/AirportRailway at Kwai Chung

Falsework for theconstruction a

portal frame

id f i id d hi id

Bridge tower for Tsing Ma Bridge and Kap Shiu Mun Bridge

Tsing Ma Tower

B id f S B id

Bridge tower for Stonecutter Bridge

Bridge tower & side span/approach bridge of Stonecutter Bridge

The forming of the cable

anchor of Tsing Ma

Bridge on Ma Wan side

The forming of the cable

anchor of Tsing Ma

Bridge on Tsing Yi side

Forming the deck of the

approach section of Tsing

Ma Bridge on Ma Wan sideusing erection and hoisting

approach

Forming the deck of

the approach section

of Tsing Ma Bridgeon Tsing Yi side

C l ti th d k f

Completing the deck of

Tsing Ma Bridge (abutting

section at Tsing Yi side) by erecting of the steel

truss at spot

Hoisting and erecting

of the modulated

bridge deck for theTsing Ma Bridge

Forming the bridge deck of

Ting Kau Bridge usingmodulated steel girder frames

L i h d k f h l

Laying the precast deck of the steel

girder frame

Other methods to form the deck of bridges

1. Balanced cantilever method

2. Construct in-situ

3. Construct using precast beam

4. Construct using precast girder section and erected by a

launching machine (viaduct)5. Construct using incremental launching method

(the photos of project cases as shown in the following pages are for

reference only in order to help students to understand more

about bridge construction)

Forming the deck of

the Ting Kau Bridge

approach section usinga special balanced-

cantilever traveling

formwork system

The Ting Kau Bridge

approach section

Construction of a sectionof elevated railway track

in the KCR Ma On Shan

Line using in-situ method

The laying of precast

beams to form thedeck of the Route 3

elevated roadway at

Kwai Chung

Hoisting of the precast beamsusing a special launching gantry

Construction of anelevated highway bridge

using precast girder

erected by the use of alaunching machine

Launching gantry used to erect precast girders to

form a span of an elevated bridge (viaduct)

A bridge in the Fo Tan

R d I t

Road Improvement

Project making use of Incremental Launching

method to span across the

servicing KCR rail line

Alignment of servicing rail line

– elevated roadway constructed in the

form of viaduct

Route 3 – Kwai Chung Section

Route 3 – Country Park Section at Au Tau Interchange

Hung Hom Bypass

Tsing Yi North Coastal Roadway

Highway project inMa On Shan

Launching gantry used in the Hung Hom Bypass

Launching gantry used in

Route 3 at Au Tau Interchange

Launching gantry used

in Tsing Yi North

Coastal Roadway

Launching gantry used in the Ma On Shan highway project (T7)

Launching Gantry

used in the Route 3Kwai Chung section

Launching Gantry

used in the Route 8

Tsing Yi Section

Layout of the bridgeapproach/interchange

Front leg

Master winch

Rear leg

Slave winch

support

HangersFront

support

116m long

Main Truss

(For end span and 1st pair segment erection)(SWL = 105 T)

(SWL = 120T)

Elevation of the Launching Machine

A review of other highway and railway bridges

– construction of the viaduct systems

for the West Rail projects

Viaduct for railway

track of the Kowloon

Canton Railway WestRail at the northwestern

part of the New

Territory, Hong Kong

Some sections of viaduct

spanning more than 40mat Au Tau Interchange

Forming the viaduct

for railway track using the under-

slung girder and

longitudinal beam

supported method

E i f h i d

Erection of the viaduct

using balanced cantilever

arrangement with

temporary anchor before

completion of a span

Precast box girders

used for the viaduct

A section of viaduct with provision for an extension to the future northern link

Construction of some

sections of elevated railway

track using in-situ method

Constructing the linking bridge between Tung Chung and Chek lap Kok

(the Airport Railway) using Incremental Launching method

Trends in the Construction of Bridges in HK

Construction of large and long-span bridges is of no doubt a part of the major infrastructure development for a city,

which is, again, a reflection of the economical climate and

development strategy of the area.

On the construction side, the limited land reserve in Hong

Kong does imposes stringent conditions especially where

the options and cost effectiveness of constructing a bridgeis concerned. To cope with these considerations, a few

world-class bridges over 1000m span are yet scheduled for

completion in the coming decade, in view of keeping Hong

Kong to be competitive in particular within the highly

economic-active region in the southern part of China. The

construction of these bridges is, without much choice, in the

form of either cable-stayed or suspension bridges.

The construction of other medium to short-span bridges are

becoming much popular recently as part of the highway

improvement strategy in Hong Kong.

p gy g g

The shortage of space for highway improvement works, the

involvement of complicated interchanging provisions, the

familiarization of bridge construction techniques in catering

various local constraints with acceptable cost, are factors that made

bridges of this type becoming popular.

Some inherited difficulties such as the requirement of large amount

of working spaces for the forming, transporting and storing of the

roomy precast elements; the operation of the launching works, or

arrangement for traffic diversion within existing busy roadway,

still makes roadwork under urban environments complicated and costly. Needless to mention working in environmental sensitive

locations such as where protection to natural habitats or rural

culture is required; or where waste, noise and dust problems are of ultimate concern.

The cost for constructing bridges are unavoidably high in

particular working within congested and complicated urban

environment like Hong Kong.

As a tradition, bridges and elevated highway structures in Hong

Kong are mainly constructed in concrete. As a cost saving option,steel bridge, say, in hollow section, box-girder or any other

feasible design, may be alternative choices for highway bridges,

like those commonly used in Mainland China or Japan. Thesaving in initial cost and construction time of using such

alternatives may provide surplus capitals and expedite the

ongoing infrastructure projects, this is essential especially in theforthcoming years when the economic situation is expected to be

less favourable than before.

The end of the presentation

Presentation Bridge Construction PPT

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