Post on 02-Apr-2018
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Wall Finishespages 245-257 in "Interior Construction and Detailing"
Wall finishes include:
those applied as a single, thin decorative covering, such as paint,
wallpaper, and vinyl wallcovering,
and those composed of several construction elements that can addsubstantial thickness to a wall, such as ceramic tile or stone panels.
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Brendan Clarke of Maharam, presented a good variety of wall
coverings, including fabrics, vinyls, and some metallic based sheet
products.
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Acoustical panels
when a high degree of sound absorption is desired, acoustical
panels can be a good choice.
Two primary decisions regarding acoustical panels:
fabric type
core material
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fabric for acoustical panels must be permeable, to allow for sound
energy to pass through.
this also means that the fabric should not have a backing.
fabrics for acoustical panels should be 'hydrophobic' which means
that they do not hold and absorb moisture.
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Acoustical panels: expanded polypropylene:moisture resistant, impact resistant, tackable, lightweight, indoor-outdoor
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High impact fabric covered panels:compressed figerglass core, class A fire rated, chemically hardened edges
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glass reinforced gypsum ceiling panelssometimes used for acoustical purposes
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For acoustical panel covering, it is important to use fabric that
does not absorb and retain moisture.
Hydrophobic fabrics do not absorb and retain moisture.
These include polyester, acetates, nylon.
Hydrophillic fabrics absorb and retain moisture.
These include cotton, wool, and silk.
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Stone used as a wall finish
typical stone used for wall finishes include:
granite, marble, limestone, slate, sandstone.
manmade products, such as cast stone, can mimic the visual andmaterial qualities of natural stone.
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Stone tiles and panels
stone tiles, and panels, used as wall finish materials have definite
size constraints.
the term tile means a small, (generally no larger than 12x12) thin,
modular piece of material. tiles can be made of metal, glass, wood,leather, plastic, ceramics, cork, and nearly any other material.
tile does not always mean ceramic.
the table on page 252 of "Interior Construction and Detailing" lists avariety of stone types and size limitations or requirements.
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details in stone wall finish installation
stone used as a finished wall surface can be achieved using two
different approaches:
tiles: thin, small, modular, pieces, typically no larger than 12" x 12".
panels/slabs: 3/4" up to 4" thick.
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Stone tiles:granite, quartzite, multi colored slate, black slate, green slate, multi-colored
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Stone wall panels:
marble panels attached to a sub-surface wall
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Olivetti showroom, Venice, Italy:
designed by Carlo Scarpamarble stairs, bench, balcony low wall
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stone tiles
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stone panels
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marble floor tiles, wall tiles
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granite wall panels
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marble floor tiles
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pattern making using tiles
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slate flooring
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slate
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Ceramic tiles with LED lights embedded in
each tile.
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Finnish designer Maija Puoskari has taken inspiration from nature to create this concept of snow printtiles. Each tile looks like a silver patch of snow which is adorned with footprints of an animal.
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Studio JSPRs Cover-Tiles collection is a series of tiles that cover pipes, connections and water taps which arenormally enclosed in the wall. With Cover-Tiles, these elements are all visible on the outside.
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Wood tiles from DeckTiles.org at ICFFThese tiles snap together.
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MIO's modular 3D WallpaperCreate pattern variation by rotating the tiles or painting them. The lightweightrecycled paper modules can be installed temporarily with double stick tape orpermanently with wallpaper paste. A box of 12 tiles (12 x 12 x 2 1/4) sell
for about $32.
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Mio Culture - Ripple Paper Forms
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Acoustic Weave 3D Wallpaper
Designed to diffuse sound, reduce acoustic glare and eliminate standing waves; add to that it's green credentials
(100% recycled and recyclable paper made in closed-loop manufacturing from locally sourced materials)
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wall flats Designers: Mike & Jennifer Tuttle
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ceramic tile
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ceramic tile
Ceramic tile is especially useful in kitchens and bathrooms because
it is water-resistant and easy to clean and extremely durable.
Made from a mixture of clays and fired at high temperatures, tile is
used for wall coverings, floors, showers, countertops, bathsurrounds, and more.
Tiles used on walls and counters are generally glazed
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Grout, a kind of mortar, is spread between
tiles to lock them in place and fill the joints
between them. Grout may be white or
colored with pigment.
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Ceramic tile may be applied directly over
drywallif the room is likely to be damp,
special moisture-resistant drywall should
be used. Or tile may be applied to a mortarbed or a backer board made of a ceramic
aggregate core that is coated with a thin
fiberglass mesh.
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mosaic tiles are typically joined into a sheet
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Ceramic tile: pattern making
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Mosaic tiles
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Paints and Coatings
What is paint?
Paints are made up of four components:
pigment, binder, solvent/liquid carrier, and
additives.
Varnishes, which form transparent or semi-
transparent films, are made up of the last three
components, with colored varnishes containing
small amounts of pigment.
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Paint is manufactured to meet specific needs
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Types of Paint
water base paint
solvent base paint
these are the two basic types of paint generally available.
paint may have physical or chemical characteristics such as:
matte surface, semi gloss surface, high gloss surface
non-drip paint, primer, undercoats, anti-condensation,
fire retardant paint (intumescent), metallic, concrete floorpaint, porch paint, anti-fungus paint, heat resistant paint
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Pigments, which give color and
opacity/covering power, are finely
dispersed solid particles. In some cases
they can be used to impart certainprotective properties, eg rust prevention,
and to control gloss levels
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The binder is the material that forms the
film, giving protection to the substrate and
keeping the pigment in place and evenly
dispersed. It may be made up of a single,or a combination of polymers. The binder
may be dissolved in a solvent, or in the
form of an emulsion or colloidal dispersionin water. This results in solvent-borne and
water-borne paints, respectively.
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The solvent/liquid carrier is used to effect
application of the coating. It may be water or an
organic solvent, or a mixture of both, and thins
the paint or varnish, allowing it to be brushed,sprayed, dipped or rolled.
Once on the substrate, the solvent evaporates,
leaving the dry film coating. The term 'liquid
carrier' is preferable because the liquid may notbe a true solvent for the binder.
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Additives are used, in small amounts, to
modify the film or paint. Examples are
driers, which promote the drying time of
some coatings; flow-control agents, whichgive a smooth surface; defoamers, which
prevent the formation of bubbles that could
dry in the film; and anti-skinning agents toprevent the paint from forming a 'skin' in
the can
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Water Base Vs. Solvent Base
Water-based: non-flammable, clean up
with water, quick drying in good
conditions, low VOC content, low odor,
non-yellowing
Solvent-based: better drying in cold,
damp conditions, better low-temperaturestorage, no can corrosion problems, less
wood-grain raising, higher gloss
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Fire retardant and fire resistant coatings
flame retardant paints slow the rate of flame spread
intumescent coatings bubble up, or expand, when exposed
to extremely high heat
fire resistant paints are not as effective at controlling the
spread of flames as intumescent, or fire retardant paints.
fire resistant paint does not burn, but it also does not helpcontrol the spread of the flames
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Wallcoverings
Wallcoverings offer improved durability over
typical paint finishes while providing texture and
pattern to the wall surface.
The most widely used wallcoverings forcommercial use are vinyls.
There is a classification system used to compare
all types of commercial wallcovering.
This is the ASTM F793 Standard Classification
of Wallcoverings by Durability Characteristics.
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Wallcovering Classification
Category 1: decorative only
Category 2: decorative with medium
serviceability
Category 3: decorative with high serviceability Category 4: Type I Commercial serviceability
Category 5: Type II Commercial serviceability
Category 6: Type III Commercial serviceability
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Vinyl Wallcoverings
There is a special standard that describes
vinyl wallcovering as:
Type I: light duty, with a minimum weight of 7
oz/sq. yard
Type II: medium duty, with a minimum weight of
13 oz/sq. yard Type III: heavy duty, with a minimum weight of
22 oz/sq. yard
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Materials & Backings
Vinyl: scrim, a loosely woven fabric backing used on Type I
vinyls
Osnaburg, a loose open weave fabric used on Type IIvinyls
Drill, a dense woven fabric with good dimensional
stability used on Type II and Type III vinyls
Nonwoven, a paperlike backing used on Type I vinyls.
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Surface Materials for Walls
Wood Veneer: bonding wood veneer (about 1/64"thick) to a woven backing material.
Textiles: paper backing or a latex coating
Fiberglass: a fiberglass fabric that is applied to abacking. Fiberglass wallcoverings must be painted after
they are installed.
Wallpaper: paper wallcoverings are generallyrestricted to residential use because of fragility and poor
wear resistance.
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Upholstered Wall Systems
site constructed coverings that stretch
fabric taut over a frame and infill material.
the frame material is typically either a
plastic extrusion, or a wood frame.
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Upholstered Panels
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Ceiling Finishes
Ceilings are central in defining the volume
of a space and shape the diffusion of
sound and light within a space.
Ceilings also typically conceal an array ofsystems components, in a plenum space.
Ceilings in a space can be:
suspended
exposed
tightly attached
C ili C t M f t d b
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Ceiling Components Manufactured by
Armstrong
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