Post on 02-Apr-2018
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Thesis Proposal
Reactive Power Market Clearing Scheme
By: Ting ZhangSupervisor: Dr. B. Venkatesh
23 November 2006
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Outline
Introduction
Objective
Problem Statement
Progress to date
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Introduction Reactive power supply plays an important role in the power
system.
In former deregulated power system: supply of real and reactive power was charged in a composite fashion.
After deregulation of power systems, supply of real power andancillary services such as reactive power support have to beunbundled & priced independently.
CompositePower Supply
Real Power Supply
Ancillary Servicesincluding reactive power
supply
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Reactive power market is established to trade reactive power. In this market, there are vendors and customers.
Fig. 2 A schematic representation of a reactive power market
Introduction
GenerationSystems
TransmissionSystem
DistributionSystems
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Introduction
Elements of the power system that have to befinancially compensated for their participation in the
reactive market :*Generators*Shunt reactive elements
*Transformers
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Objective
The main objective of reactive power market clearingscheme in the deregulated power system is to
minimize the total cost of reactive power supplywhile benefiting from transmission loss minimizationand maintaining an acceptable voltage profile.
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Objective
Cost from Generator:P
Q Leading Lagging If 2Rf
Ia2Ra
OpportunityCosts
Fig. 3 Reactive power cost components
OpportunityCosts
A B C
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Objective
Aggregating these costs, a total cost curve for reactive power output of a synchronous generator is shown inFig. 4 :
Constraints that should besatisfied:
Fig.4 The i th generator reactive power cost curve
1UGk
ik
QA QB QC QG
Leading Lagging
QGC
UG i1 UG i2 UG i3 UG i4
k ik ik i
k ik ik QG*UGQGQG*UG
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Objective
The cost of reactive power generation can beexpressed as below:
NG
1i k ik ik ik iik UG*KGoUG*QG*KG
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Objective Cost from Compensators:
Cost of reactive power output from controllableVAR sources can be expressed in general as:
Fig.5 VAR source reactive power cost curve
NS
1iiiii US*KSoKS*QS
QSi
QSCi KSi
KSoi
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Objective
Cost from transformers :Cost of shifting taps of transformers can be expressedin general as:
NTR
1iii UT*KTo
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Problem Statement The non-linear mixed integer formulation can be
stated as below:OBJ =
+
+
+ KL*PL(X , Y , d
NG
1i k ik ik ik iik UG*KGoUG*QG*KG
NS
1iiiii US*KSoKS*QS
NTR
1iii UT*KTo
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Problem Statement
Subject to: Control Vector Constraints Dependent Vector Constraints Power Flow Constraints
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Progress to date
Formulate the mathematical model of a Mixed Integer LP (MILP) of reactive power optimization in
deregulated system.
Coding of MILP using MATLAB.
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Thank you!