PPT ON ROBOTICS

AEROBOTICSINDIA.COM

ROBOTICS

WHAT IS ROBOTICS• THE WORD ROBOTICS IS USED TO COLLECTIVILY

DEFINE A FIELD IN ENGINEERING THAT COVERS THE MIMICKING OF VARIOUS HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS

• SOUND CONCEPTS IN MANY ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES IS NEEDED FOR WORKING IN THIS FIELD

• IT FIND ITS USES IN ALL ASPECTS OF OUR LIFE

What a Robot can mean?• An automatic industrial

machine replacing the human in hazardous work.

• An automatic mobile sweeper machine at a modern home.

• An automatic toy car for a child to play with.

• A machine removing mines in a war field all by itself and many more…

ROBOTICS• It is a field of Engineering that covers the

mimicking of human behavior.• Robotics includes the knowledge of

Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical & Computer Science Engineering.

Laws of Robotics

The term robotics was coined in the 1940s by science fiction writer Isaac Asimov.

Asimov's Laws of Robotics:• A robot may not injure a human being, or, through

inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.• A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings

except where such order would conflict with the First Law.

• A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

WHY ROBOTICS ?

• Speed.• It can work hazardous/dangerousenvironment.• To perform repetitive task.• Efficiency• Accuracy• Adaptability

Types of Robot

• Wheeled• Legged• Climbing• Flying

Components of ROBOTS

oStructure oPower sourceoActuation oSensing oManipulation oLocomotion

Structure

• The structure of a robot is usually mostly mechanical and can be called a kinematic chain.

• The chain is formed of links (its bones), actuators (its muscles), and joints which can allow one or more degrees of freedom.

Power Supply• Suitable power supply is needed to run the

motors and associated circuitry• Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to

24V DC• 220V AC supply must be modified to suit the

needs of our machine• Batteries can also be used to run robots• Robots are driven by different motors :-

o DC Motorso Stepper Motors o Servo Motors

• DC MotorsoAs the name

suggests, a motor which uses a DC (Direct Current) power

oCan run in both directions

oSpeed Controllable

• Stepper Motorso Used for measured

rotationo Can be held at a

particular position of the shaft

o Ideal for many autonomous robots requiring higher precision

• Servo Motors :o Used in closed loop

control systems in which work is the control variable.

o An integral feedback device (resolver) or devices (encoder and tachometer) are either incorporated within the servo motor or are remotely mounted, often on the load itself

ACTUATION

• Actuators are the "muscles" of a robot, the parts which convert stored energy into movement.

• The most popular actuators are electric motors.

MANIPULATION

• Robots which must work in the real world require some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify, destroy, or otherwise have an effect.

• Thus the 'hands' of a robot are often referred to as end effectors, while the arm is referred to as a manipulator.

• Some manipulators are:o Mechanical Gripperso Vacuum Grippers o General purpose effectors

LOCOMOTION

• It is concerned with the motion of the robot.• Robot contains different types of drives:-

o Differential driveo Car typeo Skid steer driveo Synchronous driveo Pivot driveo Articulated drive

DRIVE WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS

NON DRIVEN WHEELNON DRIVEN WHEEL NON DRIVEN WHEEL NON DRIVEN WHEEL

DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE

30

STEERING WHEELS STEERING WHEELS

DRIVE WHEELS DRIVE WHEELS

ACKERMAN DRIVE

DRIVRN FORWARD

DRIVEN REVERSE

SKID STEER DRIVE

SYNCHRONOUS DRIVE

DRIVE SHAFTROTATING PLATFORM

LOWERED PLATFORM

PIVOT DRIVE

Pivot

Linear Actuator

Articulated Drive

ADVANTAGES

• Revolution in Medical science and Health care systems.

• New & wide scope in Education & Training.• A good help in Nuclear industry.• Used tremendously in Sports activities.• Play the role of an efficient assistance in

Research and Development sciences.• Can very well handle household business.

FUTURE PROSPECTS

• Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain will exist by 2019 .

• Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may come when computers and robots are smarter than humans.

• In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of semi-autonomy, including being able to find power sources on their own.

• The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence has researched on this problem.