By: Ajit Rathee 2k7-MRCE-ECE-069

1G 2G 3G 4G

AMPS(Advanced Mobile Phone System)

TACS(Total Access Communication System)

ETACS(Extended Total Access Communication System)

Digitized not only the control link but also voice signal

The new system provided better quality and higher capacity at lower cost to consumers

GSM(Global System For Mobile Communication)

CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)

TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

These promise faster communication services ,including voice, fax and internet,anytime and anywhere with seamless global roaming.

3G is not very cheap but it is worthwhile for the users who need connectivity on the move.

Since 3G is a packet based technology therefore user is charged for amount of data transferred.

3G network is available on the move, unlike wi-fi, which is limited to only a few meters.

The IP address is based on IPv6.

IPv4: X . X . X . X (32 bits)

example: 216.37.129.9

IPv6:4 × IPv4 (128 bits)

example: 216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 ,

192.168.5.120

home address

care-of address

mobile IP address

local network address

HAPS

Services

Content

GSM

UMTS

WLAN

Bluetooth

Satellite

Wireline or WirelessNetworks(Internet)

Very wide area

Wide areaMetropolitan

areaLocal area

Personal area

Direct SequenceFrequency Hopping

WCDMATD-

CDMA

TDMAFDD

OFDMTDD

OFDMUnspecifi

ed

ADSLHome Add.

Mobile IP Add.Care-of Add.

Care-of Add.

4G networks are all-IP (Internet Protocol) based heterogeneous networks

This will allow users to:◦ Select any system at

any time and any where

◦ Use Multiple systems at the same time (e.g. GPS and WLANs and CDMA)

A wide range of applications using only one 4G integrated terminal

Support interactive multimedia services: teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc.

Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.

Global mobility and service portability.

Low cost.

Scalability of mobile networks (>10 times the capacity of 3G).

A single physical terminal with multiple interfaces to access the different wireless networks

Advantages: Improve call completion Expand coverage area Reliable coverage in case

of network, link or switch failure

Disadvantages: Complexity in the

hardware of the device Handoff Mechanism:

Performed by the user, device or network

3G (including 2.5G) 4G

Major Requirement Driving Architecture 

Predominantly voice driven - data was always add on

Converged data and voice over IP

Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area

Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode

Frequency Band Dependent on country or continent (1800-2400 MHz)

Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)

Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)

Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized voice

Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA)

Forward Error Correction Convolution rate 1/2, 1/3 Concatenated coding scheme

Component Design Optimized antenna design, multi-band adapters 

multi-band adapters Smarter Antennas, software multiband and wideband radios

IP  A number of air link protocols, including IP 5.0 

All IP (IP6.0)

From : www.mobileinfo.com

THANK YOU

QUERIES?