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SMK Dato Bentara Dalam

Science

Name: Asharani d/o SinnaihaClass: 2RK1

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Chapter 8 : Support and Movement 

8.2. Support Systems In Plants

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Learning Outcomes 

• You should be able to:-

• explain the various support systems in woody andnon-woody plants

• Classify plants based on their support systems

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Classification of plants Based On Their 

Support Systems

Support Systems

In Plants 

Support SystemsIn Land Plants 

Support SystemsIn Aquatic Plants 

Support Systems

In

Woody plants 

Support Systems

in

Non-woody Plants 

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a) Woody Plants

Woody tissue•Woody plants are supported by woody tissue.

•Its hard and provides the shape and strength of the stem tohold itself erect.

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Thorns• A thorn is a modified branch and it’s not easy to be

removed.

• It’s used as an organ of support for climbing andclinging onto other plants.

• Plants like the bougainvillea and rattan havethorns.

Bougainvillea

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Prickles• Unlike thorns, a prickle is an outgrowth of the epidermis and

can be easily removed.

• The rose plant has prickles.

Rose

Prickle

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Buttress Roots• Large trees do not have supportive tap root systems, so

they have buttress roots at the base of the stem for 

additional support.

• The rain tree, flame of the forest and the casuarina tree have

buttress roots

Buttress Roots

Casuarina Tree

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Clasping Roots• Plants have clasping roots to help them climb on

other plants for support and to obtain sunlight.

• Certain orchids, money plants and pepper plants

have clasping roots.

Clasping Roots

Wild OrchidMoney Plant

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Stilt Roots• Mangrove trees which grow in muddy areas have stilt

roots for additional support.

• Stilt roots develop from the main stem of the mangrovetrees.

Mangrove Tree

Stilt Root

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 b) Non-Woody Plants

(Herbaceous Plants)

Turgor Pressure• Herbaceous plants like the balsam, mustard and

water convolvulus are supported by turgor pressure.

• Water in the cell presses against the cell walls andkeeps the stem hard and erect.

• This is why herbaceous plants wilt if there isinsufficient water.

Water

Convolvulus

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Prop (adventitious) roots• Prop roots either develop from the branches and grow downwards

into the ground like the banyan, or grow from the nodes of the stem

close to the ground like the maize.

• Other plants with prop roots are corn and sugarcane.

Prop (adventitious) roots

Corn Banyan Tree

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Tendrils• A tendril is a coiled structure which develops from

the stem or leaf.

• Tendrils twine around supports or stems andbranches of other plants in order to climb and grow

outwards.• Examples of plants that have tendrils are the

bittergourd, cucumber and pumpkin

Pumpkin Cucumber

Tendrils

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Air Sacs• Water provides support to aquatic plants such as

water lily, hydrilla, water hyacinth, duckweed andbrown algae.

• Aquatic plants have lots of air sacs in their stems

and leaves that make them light and buoyant(able to float) or suspend in water.

Water Lily Water Hyacinth

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Cross-section of the stemof an aquatic plant

 Air sacs

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