Post on 26-Apr-2018
Power Electronic Grid Simulator Platform of drives and power quality products for power electronics testing
Przemyslaw Koralewicz, ABB Medium Voltage Drives, November 2015
© ABB Month DD, YYYY | Slide 1
ACS6000 Focus: Demanding applications
Chemical, Oil & Gas
Power Water
Marine
Pulp & Paper Special applications, e.g. teststands
Metals Cement, Mining & Minerals
ACS6000 Overview
Modular MV water-cooled drive
Versatile control platform with DTC for exceptionally high torque and speed performance or with OPP/PWM for special applications
Two- or Four-Quadrant Operation
Voltage range : 0…3.3 kV (w/o trafo)
Power range : 5…30+ MVA
Output frequency range : 0…75 Hz (higher on request)
© ABB Group October 2014
Inverter Unit
Power
Stack(s)
Pre-defined
interfaces
for power,
cooling &
control
connections
ACS6000 Some building blocks
Active Rectifier
Capacitor Bank
CBU
LSU
Diode Rectifier Water Cooling
WCU
… INU 5 – 13MVA
ARU 5 – 13MVA
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 5 3BHT490558R0001 Rev. A
Terminal and Control Unit Contains the power terminals and the control swing frame
Inverter Unit Self-commutated, 6-pulse, 3-level voltage source inverter with IGCT technology
Capacitor Bank Unit DC capacitors for smoothing the intermediate DC voltage
Water Cooling Unit Supplies the closed cooling system with deionized water for the main power components
ACS6000 Water cooled 3 – 36 MW
Active Rectifier Unit (ARU) Self-commutated, 6-pulse, 3-level voltage source inverter with IGCT technology
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 6 3BHT490558R0001 Rev. A
ACS6000 Converter topology - reliablity
3-level voltage source inverter
IGCT technology for maximal loadability in combination with minimal part count
Fuseless design, ACS 6000 uses IGCTs for fast and reliable protection of power components instead of unreliable medium voltage power fuses
12-pulse LSU single drive
6-pulse ARU single drive
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 7 3BHT490558R0001 Rev. A
ACS6000 Common DC bus
Several motors (induction and synchronous) can be connected to the same DC bus optimized energy flow
Braking energy generated in one motor can be transferred to other inverters via common DC bus without power consumption from supply network
Optimum configuration can be reached by combining different inverter and rectifier modules within one drive
Optimized energy flow with common DC bus, e.g. cold reversing steel mill
ACS6000 Special Projects Not only motors
ACS6000 as a frequency converter
Grid simulator for PE testing
Shore-2-ship FC
HV electrical insulation testing
Challenging applications
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 8
ACS6000 Special Projects Control and transformer engineered to application
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 9
In special projects inverter control and the output transformer are dedicated (“engineered”) for the application
Everything else is “off the shelf” Power electronic hardware
Hardware protection
Mechanical design and cooling
Auxiliary control and sequencing
Supply from grid
…
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DUT
PEGS Controller
Test controller
PEGS
engineered
engineered
ACS6000 Special Projects Combined functionality and flexibility
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 10
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DUT
PEGS Controller
Test controller
PEGS
AC
DC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DUT
PEGS Controller
Test controller
PEGS
DC
AC
M
AC
DC
DC
AC
M
AC
DC
From grid simulator only …
… to fully integrated setup
ACS6000 Grid Simulator
Various inverter units available: 5-13MVA
12x NPC phases
Continous power = 28MVA
Short term power overloadability = 44MVA
Max current = 2721 A
DUT of 8MVA -> 600A peak
OC margin x4.5
Inverters
© ABB Group
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DUT
PEGS Controller
Test controller
PEGS
Quad Inverter Unit
Power
Stack(s)
Power
Stack(s)
Power
Stack(s)
Power
Stack(s)
ACS6000 Grid Simulator
Match the converter voltage to the desired testbus-voltage + tappings
𝜂𝜂 = 𝑈𝑈𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
2√3𝑈𝑈𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 e.g.: 13kV -> η=1.21
Sum-up the power (resp. currents) of the different inverters, e.g. of 4 inverters
Special modulation + trafo cancels inverter harmonics to improve THDv
Provide galvanic insulation between DUT and simulator for simpler test-design, grounding and protection
The function of matching transformer
© ABB Group
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DUT
PEGS Controller
Test controller
PEGS
ACS6000 Grid Simulator
Testing device must be properly oversized so that the grid is not distorted by DUT
Trafo impedance = 5% @15MVA power level
Scc = 20*Trafo impedeance = 300MVA – For DUT of e.g. 10MVA that is very strong grid (x30) that is unlikely to be distorted
At controllable frequencies (<2kHz) impedance can be softened by modeling capacitive / inductive virtual impedance
Grid impedance / short circuit power
© ABB Group
ACS6000 Grid Simulator High dynamics mode
© ABB Group
Multilevel PWM modulator
17 levels ph-ph waveforms
Very high dynamics
100% voltage drop in <1ms
SR < 20.0 [PU/cycle]
Controllable bandwidth <2kHz
Asymetrical operation – independant phases control
Voltage THD < 5%
fSW’ = 2800Hz
Voltage THD < 3%
fSW’ = 3600Hz
Voltage THD < 2%
fSW’ = 4800Hz
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
4
t[s]
U[V
]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02Spectrum
n
CN
n N
orm
aliz
ed
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
4
t[s]
U[V
]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02Spectrum
n
CN
n N
orm
aliz
ed
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4x 10
4
t[s]
U[V
]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02Spectrum
n
CN
n N
orm
aliz
ed
ACS6000 Grid simulator
Performance specification:
Very low voltage THD < 1%
Voltage amplitude resolution < 0.1%
Frequency regulation < 0.01%
Symmetrical voltage
Compromised dynamics SR < 0.05 [PU/cycle]
Modes can be switched online
Optimized THD mode
© ABB Group
0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02-2
-1
0
1
2x 10
4
t[s]
U[V
]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800
0.02
0.04
0.06
Spectrum
n
CN
n N
orm
aliz
ed
Defining dynamics requirements Dynamics of voltage change - phasor referencing
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 16
0 2pi 4pi
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
t [rad]
U [P
.U.]
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = Δ𝑈𝑈 2π Δ φ
𝑃𝑃.𝑈𝑈.𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Where:
ΔU[P.U.] - voltage delta
Δφ[rad] – phase delta
Example:
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = 1.0 ∙ 2π
4π= 0.5
𝑃𝑃.𝑈𝑈.𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
ΔU=1P.U.
Δφ = 4π rad
ACS6000 Grid Simulator LVRT event analysis with SR=20.0
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 17
10% 40ms
10√2%
1ms
Measured voltage
DQ transformed voltage
Defining dynamics requirements Dynamics of voltage change – bandwidth definition
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 18
y=A(w0.12)sin(0.12*w1t)
y=-sinx, x∊[0,2π]
O
1
-1
π 2π 4π
y
x
y=A(w0.25)sin(0.25*w1t)
y=A(w0.5)sin(0.5w1t)
y=A(w2)sin(2*w1t)
SRu = 1/2T=f/2
SR (SlewRate) shall be used to define dynamics of the system as it considers amplitude of the change
𝑓𝑓𝑏𝑏 = 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆
2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
A - amplitude
fb – bandwidth
ACS6000 Grid Simulator Bandwidth spec 13th harmonic injection @10%
amplitude
Nyquist limitation <2kHz
Max bandwidth @ amplitude:
<2000Hz@1%
<2000Hz@2%
<2000Hz@5%
<1600Hz@10%
<800Hz @20%
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 19
0.2 0.202 0.204 0.206 0.208 0.21 0.212 0.214 0.216 0.218 0.22-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1x 10
4 Voltage waveform
U [V
]
0.2 0.202 0.204 0.206 0.208 0.21 0.212 0.214 0.216 0.218 0.220.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1Reference amplitude
Ure
f [pu
]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
THD = 11.0703% RMS = 4788.2203V 1stHarmonic = 5186.0194V
n
CN
n N
orm
aliz
ed
ACS6000 Grid Simulator Grid simulator as impedance analyser
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 20 Time [s]
Freq
uenc
y [H
z]
Small signal oscillation sweep: 3rd-23rd harmonic @ 10%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
-20
0
20
40
60
80
ACS6000 grid simulator How is PEGS interfaced by test facility controller?
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 21
PEGS is a controllable/configurable 3x AC voltage source
3x Voltage magnitude reference
3x Voltage phase reference
1x Frequency reference
Communication channels
Fieldbus communication interface (1ms)
Analogue channels (25us)
Optical Powerlink (25us) – Opal-RT or FPGA IP core available
Parametrization interface - Fieldbus
Allows flexibilty in test cases development
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DUT
PEGS Controller
Test controller
PEGS
ACS 6000 grid simulator Specification summary
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 22
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DUT
PEGS Controller
Test controller
PEGS
CONTIN POWER: up to 28MVA PEAK (several seconds): up to 44MVA
Isc = 2721 A
Scc = trafo power*20 (i.e. 10MVAx20=200MVA)
THD(v) out < 1%
3-ph, 2-ph and 1-ph dips (symmetrical and asymmetrical)
Freq range 45 Hz … 66 Hz
Fast Dynamic V rate of change 0% - 100%, 1msec
ACS6000 Grid Simulator Reference projects
CENER, Spain – 2007
NREL, USA – 2013
IWES-Fraunhofer, Germany - 2015
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 23
ACS6000 Special Projects Contact details
Ester Guidi
Market Development Manager - Test Stands
ABB Switzerland
Tel: +41 58 589 24 50
Mobile: +41 79 596 65 17
E-mail: ester.guidi@ch.abb.com
© ABB Group November 9, 2015 | Slide 24