POPULATION & MIGRATION MOVEMENT AND DIFFUSION

POPULATION

• More than 7 billion people

• 80% in “Pings”

• Just over 50% in urban areas

DENSITY

• Density – # of people per square mile

• Agricultural - # of farmers per unit of arable land

• Physiological - # of people per unit of arable land

DISTRIBUTION

• The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

COMPOSITION• Pyramids – bar graph

representing the distribution of population by age and sex

• Ethnic patterns in US

Population PyramidsSudan, 2000

United States, 2000

Italy, 2000

POPULATION & NATURAL HAZARDS

• Technology and InnovationAgricultural RevolutionIndustrial RevolutionMedical Revolution

• Black Plague• Irish Potato Famine• World Wars• Hurricanes - Katrina• AIDS

Vocabulary• total fertility rate • infant mortality rate• life expectancy• Natural increase rate

(BR-DR)• doubling time• dependency ratio• J-curve• pyramids• carrying capacity

Excessive population of an area to the point of overcrowding, depletion of natural resources, or environmental deterioration

OVERPOPULATION

Thomas Malthus• British economist in 1798• Population limited by the

means of food production• Population will increase

with food production• Private checks – “moral

restraint, celibacy, chastity• Destructive checks – war,

poverty, pestilence, famine

What is the “carrying capacity” related to today?

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

• Based on Western Europe’s experiences

• Stage 3 - personal choices – most critical stage

• Stage 4 – social customs - women

POPULATION POLICIES• China’s One-Child Policy

• India’s policy – democracy, education, family planning

• Mexico – educating against the Machismo factor

• United States – norms/mores (1750, 1950); changing demographics

MIGRATION• Long-term movement of a person from one

political jurisdiction to another

• Immigrate/EmigrateEconomic

PoliticalEnvironmental

Cultural

MIGRATION

• Push Factors • Pull Factors

MIGRATION

• Forced migration• Voluntary migration

CULTURAL PATTERS AND PROCESS

CONCEPTS OF CULTURE

CULTURE –

The way of life of a group of people

Think: ABC’S of CULTURE!

CONCEPTS OF CULTURETRAIT –

A single attribute of culture, such as wearing a turban in a Muslim society

CONCEPTS OF CULTURECOMPLEX –Combination of

traits; related set of traits, such as prevailing dress codes, cooking, eating utensils

CONCEPTS OF CULTURESYSTEM – Combined cultural complexes;

Northern China eats wheat; Southern China eats rice; both speak a similar language; shared history, philosophy, cultural traditions & attitudes

CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

The imprint of cultures on the land creates distinct and characteristic

examples

CULTURAL LANDSCAPES & IDENTITY1. VALUES AND PREFERENCES – language, religion,

entertainment, government buildings

“atmosphere” – easy to perceive, difficult to define

“China Town” “Little

Italy” “Main Street”

“Wall Street”

CULTURAL LANDSCAPES & IDENTITY

2. SYMBOLIC LANDSCAPES –

size of Hindu/Buddhist temples are smaller than Islamic mosque or Christian church

toponyms (New York, Washington, D.C., Palestine/Rome/Paris/Athens/Berlin Texas)

CULTURE HEARTH Point of origin

and source of cultural growth and diffusion

CULTURAL DIFFUSION From the hearths,

cultural innovations and ideas spread to other areas

CONCEPTS OF CULTUREPERCEPTIONVarying ideas and attitudes about space, place, and territory

CONCEPTS OF CULTUREACCULTURATION

Process in which a culture is substantially changed through interaction with another culture but it does not completely disappear

CONCEPTS OF CULTUREREGIONS – areas in which

there is a degree of homogeneity in the cultural characteristics; areas with similar landscapes

1 – the Americas2 – Western Europe3 – Eastern Europe4 – Far East/Orient5 – South Asia

CONCEPTS OF CULTURE6 – Southeast Asia

7 – Oceania

8 – Middle East/Arab World

9 – West Africa

10 – Sub-Saharan Africa

LANGUAGESFamily – shared but distant origins (Indo-European)

Branch – collection of languages related through a common ancestor (Romance, Germanic)

Group – collection of languages within a branch that share common origin and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary (West Germanic: English, German, Dutch

Lingua Franca – common language understood by many people although they each speak another language

Pidgin – language that has a small vocabulary and is combined and distorted from two or more languages

LANGUAGES2007 Statistics

LANGUAGE FAMILY MAJOR LANGUAGE #/MILLIONSIndo-European Spanish 488

English 468 Hindi 274 Portuguese 269 Bengali 259 Russian 220

Sino-Tibetan Mandarin Chinese 1322Japanese-Korean Japanese 185

Korean 75

Afro-Asiatic Arabic 312

RELIGIONdifficult to define, but contains some common characteristics:

1 – belief in a god or gods 3 – literature/book2 – rituals 4 – ethics/rules

monotheism – belief in one god

polytheism – belief in more than one god

animism – a soul or spirit is attributed to various phenomena

universalizing – actively seeking converts - *CONFLICT*

ethnic – closely identified with a specific cultural group

RELIGION 2007 statisticsRELIGION TOTAL # %

Christianity 2,112,000 33.32

Islam 1, 344,000 21.01

Hinduism 832,000 13.26

No Religion 541,420 11.77

Buddhism 373,760 5.84

Atheism 148,480 2.32

Sikhism 22,400 .35

Judaism 14,720 0.23

RELIGION

Cultural Landscape

food eaten/meals

festivals/clothing

temples/mosques/churches

statues/figurines

ETHNICITY

Combination of a people’s culture (traditions, customs, language, & religion) and racial ancestry

Ethnic cleansing is the slaughter or forced removal of one ethnic group from its home by another group

Ethnic conflicts – Yugoslavia, Quebec, Holocaust(?)

GENDERRoles performed culturally as

designated by gender

Women still perform the majority of the domestic work

In the workplace, women do not get paid the same as men or have the same number of opportunities

Urban landscapes – statues and monuments typically male (war heroes, etc.)

POPULAR CULTUREMassive,

homogeneous, diffuse rapidly, technological

FOLK CULTURETraditional, small, individualistic, family, little if any technology

MAKE CONNECTIONS!Beliefs, Institutions, Language, Landscape, Technology

Buddhism in Southeast Asia; Islam in Middle East; consumerism in USA; development in UAE

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE

• #1   Don't Panic--when a student sees the question their first response will probably be "Ms. Wurst did not teach us this....I wasted my time in her class." Okay you have one minute to think this and get over it.  Now, take a big breath.  This may be true but she did teach you some of the elements...read the question....break it down...what can you answer.....

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE

• #2  Always remember to "THINK GEOGRAPHICALLY".  This is a geography test not a history test.  Location, Scale, and Time are important.  

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE

• #3  Practice--Go to the College Board Web Site and look at the previous questions.  Notice how they can be approached from different subject areas (they usually cover more than one topic).  Outline your answers (or answer them if you have the time).  Then look at the rubric and see if they hit the right points.  Grade their own or peer grade their outlines.

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE

• #4  Assume the reader is tired....it is the end of the day...they have been grading since 8:00....Help the reader find the answer.  Label the different sections or at least start a new paragraph for each part of the question.  Underline appropriate terms.  For example if the question asks for the definition of a nation......then underline the word nation so the reader can see..."Oh yes here is the definition."  

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE

• #5  ANSWER THE QUESTION--don't ramble....yes it is better to try to answer the question instead of leaving it blank....but don't show off....if you have answered the question don't keep writing in order to tell the reader everything you have learned in APHG this year.  

AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ADVICE

• Which goes back to # 1  Break the FRQ down.  Answer each part from the geographic perspective (#2) and help the reader know that this is your answer (#4).