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Population Dynamics

Natural change and Actual Change

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Natural Change

• A change in the population due to the difference in # of births and the # of deaths.

BIRTHS - DEATHS = NATURAL CHANGE

BIRTHS > DEATHS = NATURAL INCREASE

BIRTHS < DEATHS = NATURAL DECREASE

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Which Natural Change?

• 6300 Births 7800 Deaths

• Population had a NATURAL DECREASE of 1500 people.

• 4800 Deaths 5500 Births

• Population had a NATURAL INCREASE of 700 people.

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Birth Rate• The # of births per 1000 population.

Calculation:

# births in one year x 1000 = Birth Rate

Total Population

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Death Rate• The # of DEATHS per 1000 population.

Calculation:

# deaths in one year x 1000 = Death Rate

Total Population

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Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)• Difference between the Birth Rate and

the Death Rate

• Formula:

• RNI = BR - DR

• Like before:– positive number (+) = naturally

increasing population

– negative number (-) = naturally decreasing population

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Sample Exam Question

Sample Exam Question WITH Other Distracting Stats!

Sample Exam Question

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Highly Developed Countries: Population, BR & DR

• Have a stable population!

• Birth Rates are generally low

• Death Rates are also generally low.

• WHY?

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Highly Developed Countries – BR: The REASONS!

Birth Rates are generally low because:

• Access to birth control

• Affordable birth control

• Women choosing careers (less kids, no kids, kids later in life)

• Lifestyles…leisure, travel, materialistic

• Education about family planning

• MUST STUDY!!!!!!

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Highly Developed Countries – DR: The REASONS!

Death Rates are also generally low:

• Advances in modern medicine and technology

• Access to health care

• Affordable health care

• Education & knowledge about healthy lifestyles & choices.

• Improved water and sanitation!!!!

• Better nutrition choices!!!!

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Underdeveloped Countries: Population, BR & DR

• Have an EXPANDING population!

• Birth Rates are generally high.

• Death Rates are also generally high.

• Expanding because births are exceeding deaths at larger rates.

• WHY?

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Underdeveloped Countries

• Birth Rates are generally high because:

• LITTLE to NO access to birth control

• Can’t Afford birth control..(food or birth control??)

• Children needed or used to contribute to the family (labor, money, food)

• Lack of education about family planning

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Underdeveloped Countries

• Death Rates are also generally HIGH:

• Lack of modern medicine and technology

• Little or NO access to health care

• Unable to afford health care

• Lack of education & knowledge about healthy lifestyles & choices.

• Lack of clean water and sanitation

• Malnutrition

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Actual Population Change & Migration

• Migration means the MOVEMENT of people from place to place.

• Immigration is the movement of people INTO a country. ADDS to the receiving countries population.

• Emigration is the movement of people OUT of a country…EXIT. TAKES away from the country of departure.

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Actual Change• While Natural Change only deals

with births and deaths…

• Actual change recognizes ALL factors that can change a population. Births, deaths, Immigration and Emigration.

• AC = (B + I) – (D + E)

AC = (Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration)

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More on migration!!• NET MIGRATION = the difference between immigration and

emigration.

• MAP shows countries with +/- Net Migration.

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More on migration!!• INTERNAL MIGRATION refers to the migration of

people within a country province or region.

• Newfoundland Labrador in the past 20+ years had been moving to Alberta & Ontario in search of jobs etc.

OR

• Newfoundland Labrador experiences a fair degree of internal migration as people move from smaller outports to St. John's.

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Sample MC Question