Post on 14-Dec-2015
Political Conflicts in Caroline England, 1625-40
Character of the KingUpbringing; Marriage;
Buckingham
The Early Years1625: Buckingham’s
FailuresFinancial Issues
1626: Mounting OppositionParliament
1628: The Petition of Right1629: Constitutional Stand-
Off
The Personal Rule; or, 11 Years Tyranny
Financial PoliciesLegal IssuesRelations in Ireland &
Scotland
Charles, by Anthony van Dyck, c. 1635“Charles I was a Cavalier King and therefore had a small pointed beard, long
flowing curls, a large, flat, flowing hat and gay attire. The Roundheads, on the other hand, were clean-shaven and wore tall, conical hats, white ties and sombre garments. Under these circumstances a Civil War was inevitable.” 1066 and All That.
Character of the KingUpbringing
Linguistic, Physical DifficultiesHeir from 1612, Death of HenryEducation, Gov’t ExperienceMother Anna & Catholicism
MarriageSpanish Match (Aid to Sister)
Growing Self-Confidence, Emotion
Formality of Spanish CourtHenrietta Maria, sister of King Louis XIII
Diplomatic Swing away from Spain
BuckinghamShared Experience in SpainStaying in Favor with StuartsClose Friends w/ CharlesMarriage Negotiations with France
Charles, 1635, by Anthony van Dyck; Royal Collection
The Early Years1625: Buckingham’s Failures
Parliament (2 Sessions, Lon. & Ox.)Financial Issues (Funding War)Tonnage and PoundageFailure at Cadiz, Oct-Dec. ‘25Wary of Concessions to Catholics
1626: Mounting OppositionParliament (1 Session)Funding War; Excluding ObstaclesSheriffs (Edward Coke)New Leaders: John Eliot & Dudley
DiggesVs. Buckingham on All CountsMove to Impeach BuckinghamOpposition ImprisonedForced Loans, Impositions Continue
Coke, 1629, by John Payne
Early Years, Con’t1628: The Petition of Right
Parliament (2 Sessions)Finance & BuckinghamOpposition to Forced Loan, BilletingFailed Expedition to La Rochelle, ’27Coke, Eliot; John Selden, Thos.
WentworthVs. Imprisonment, Taxation, Martial LawBlame Centered on BuckinghamEventually Charles Agrees; Taxes
Granted
Assassination of Buckingham, August ‘28John Felton, Veteran & Victim of Buck.General Rejoice in the Kingdom
1629: Constitutional Stand-OffPetition Violated; T&PSpeaker Held Down, Grievances ReadMPs Arrested; Parliament Dissolved
The Petition exhibited to His Majesty . . .
The Personal Rule; or, 11 Years TyrannyFrench Model of Louis XIIIMarch 1629 to April 1640
Financial PoliciesNeed for Peace w/ Spain & FranceNeed for Innovative Tax Measures
Ship Money; Inland, ‘35
Legal IssuesJudges Siding with KingOld Laws Dug Up: Fines as Revenue
Relations in Ireland & The Earl of StraffordWentworth’s Royal Arm vs. Liberties
Alienating the ScotsCoronation, ’33; Religious
Innovations, ‘37Extent of Ship Money, 1636; Note the Midlands