Transcript of Polish Migration and the Changing Irish Urban System: 2002-2011 Dr Dan O’Donoghue Department of...
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- Polish Migration and the Changing Irish Urban System: 2002-2011
Dr Dan ODonoghue Department of Geographical and Life Sciences
Canterbury Christ Church University Canterbury, UK presentation for
IGU Urban Commission Meeting in Poznan, Poland, August 2014. Annual
Meeting 2014 of the IGU Urban commission C12-39 URBAN CHALLENGES IN
A COMPLEX WORD
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- Aims of the research Identify patterns of migration into the
Republic of Ireland Identify size and location of migrant groups
Identify the impacts of population and migration change on the
Irish Urban System Identify and explore differential patterns of
migration
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- Context Economic Growth The Celtic Tiger Irish Population
Growth Evolving Urban System EU accession 2004 open door policy
2006 Census first to ask the question Polish Migrants dominant
group Polish language 2 nd most spoken in Ireland No history of
immigration
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- Previous research limited Wickham and Krings (2010) people more
mobile across national borders but also more mobile within national
borders - links to EU, free movement of people Roeder (2010) wrote
a literature review on Polish migration to Ireland and found large
gaps in the current knowledge about Poles in Ireland Fahey and
Fanning (2010) in an article in Urban Studies looking at
residential segregation in Dublin found settlement patterns are
uneven, not specifically at Poles Office for Minister of
Integration (OMI) (2008) found about 1/3 Poles in Dublin and about
in Munster Gilmartin and Mills (2008) found Poles were relatively
concentrated A common theme to emerge is under-estimation of
official figures on number of Poles some as high as 500,000. e.g.
>300,000 Social insurance numbers issued Between 2004-2008
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- Data From Small Area Population Statistics (SAPS) Irish Census
for 1996, 2002, 2006, 2011 2006 first census where specific spatial
data on birthplace of migrants can be found Groups that can be
identified in SAPS UK Polish Lithuanian Other EU 27 Rest of the
World Data mapped at county level for overview Data mapped by urban
system for detailed view (towns population > 2000)
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- Some methodological issues, need to be aware of. History of the
Republic of Ireland Born in Ireland refers to Republic of Ireland
not.Ireland.. UK Born (includes people born in Northern Ireland)
e.g in Dublin 48, 507 born in UK in Dublin 17, 326 claim UK
nationality so 31,181 born in Northern Ireland but claim other
nationality, assume Irish Given the data set, cannot accurately
tell which part of UK people are from, but there are clues. Foreign
Born (does not include all numbers of a particular group) e.g in
Dublin 28, 846 Polish Born, but in Dublin 30,581 Polish nationality
(2000 Irish born children) Irish Born (may be part of a migrant
group)
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- Shows lowest incidence Irish born near border with Northern
Ireland and in Dublin Shows Highest UK born near border with
Northern Ireland nnd down west coast
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- Polish Lithuanian Other EU 27 Rest of World General national
trends for different migrant groups
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- Population Change in the Urban System 2002-2011
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- The Irish Urban System 1996-2011 Cities and Towns >2,000
population Zone A 1996-2002 Zone B2002-2006 Zone C2006-2011 Areas
of Highest Growth
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- Foreign Born Population 2002 -2011 36 places with >20% FB5
places with >20% FB68 places with >20% FB
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- >10,000 - 1 location 1,000 5,000 -3 locations 500-1,000 -13
location >10,000 - 1 location 5,000 10,000 - 1 location 1,000
5,000 -15 locations Polish Migrants
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- While not large populations of Poles, by 2011 proportionally
quite high particularly as you go down the urban hierarchy,
widespread penetration. Highest % in Ballinrobe, New Ross, Bunclody
and Fermoy
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- Greater Dublin Region Munster / Southern BMW region Growth in
Polish Population 2006-2011 Greatest growth in Greater Dublin and
Munster region Strong link to Hospitality industry Suggested
>30% Poles employed in that sector BMW region relatively poorest
Region in Ireland lowest growth of Polish population Even in BMW a
high percentage of Polish population might be helping keep alive
peripheral urban areas..why so welcome??
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- Place of birth by City-Size range, 2011 Poles greatest
proportion in places 5,000 to 9,999 city-size range, but generally
increasing proportion down the urban hierarchy, Lithuanians similar
profile Other EU 27 and Rest of World highest proportions in
Largest cities in the urban System but different processes - e.g.
Refugees vs TNC employees Obvious question is why do the Poles have
different pattern of migration in Ireland?
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- Conclusions There have been dramatic change in the Irish Urban
System A large migrant population, particularly high levels in some
locations Different groups have different tendencies, Poles
penetrate down the hierarchy contrast with ROW and other EU 27 an
expression of increasing spatial mobility? Growth and changes in
urban network partly explained by migration growth Peripheral areas
benefitting from migration, a dispersed pattern of Polish migration
Polish population now a key component of urban-Ireland, need to
look at internal structure of Irish cities. Peripheral western
regions still lacking strong urban development, often have high
level of migrants