EnergyPolicyGroup

Poli0calpowerandthedevelopmentoftheGBrenewable

heatincen0ve

RichardLowesEnergyPolicyGroup

UniversityofExeterCornwallCampus

EnergyPolicyGroup

Introduc?on

•  SeAngthescene,whyisheatimportant?

•  Theore?calcontext•  Methods•  Resultsandconclusions•  What’snext?

EnergyPolicyGroup

Whyisheatsoimportant?•  Globally,aroundhalfofallenergydemand(IEA,2014)

•  AsimilarlevelintheUK(DECC,2013)

•  UKheavilyreliantongas–  2ndhighestpenetra?onofgashea?ngintheworld

–  85%ofhomesusegas

Gas71%

Oil7%

SolidFuel3%

Electricity15%

HeatSold2%

Bio-energyandwaste

2%

DECC,2013

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Gas80%

Oil7%

SolidFuel2%

Electricity9%

HeatSold0%

Bio-energyandwaste2%

Gas67%

Oil8%

SolidFuel0%

Electricity21%

HeatSold3%

Bio-energyandwaste1%

Gas54%

Oil6%

SolidFuel9%

Electricity23%

HeatSold5%

Bio-energyandwaste3%

OtherUses53%

Domes?cHeatConsump?on27%

ServiceSectorHeatConsump?on

9%

Industrialheatconsump?on11%

Heat47%

BasedonDECC,2013

EnergyPolicyGroup

Atransforma?onofthehea?ngsectorisrequired

•  80%carbontargetimpliesfulldecarbonisa?onofhea?ngsector(CCC,2015,DECC,2013)

•  UKcurrentlyanetgasimporterat50%levels,likelytoincrease(DECC,2015)

DECC,2013b

EnergyPolicyGroup

Socio-poli?calpowerisanimportantaspectofsystemtransforma?ons

•  ‘Power’isrecognisedasbeingmissingfrommuchofthedebatearoundtransforma?ons(e.g.Shove&Walker,2010,Markardetal.,2016)

•  Lukes(2005)explainsthat'thereisnoagreementabouthowtodefineit,howtoconceiveit,howtostudyitand,ifitcanbemeasured,howtomeasureit[power]'(p61).

•  Bypower,Isimplyrefertotheabilityofactorstoaffectpolicyandregula?onintheheatsector.

•  Employedanapproachcalled‘Fourdimensionofpower’(HaugaardandRyan,2012)

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Researchfocus-TheUKRenewableHeatIncen?ve

•  Aschemetobeginthetransforma?ontosustainableheat–  12%renewableheattargetfor2020

•  Non-domes?copenedNov2011–  20yeartariffs–  Technologyandsizespecific

•  Domes?cApril2014–  Technologyspecific–  ‘Deemed’heatuse

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Method•  Usedthe‘EAR’instrument(Arts,1999)

•  Fundamentallyinterviewswithlobbyists,policymakersanddocumentanalysis

•  Triangula?on

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KeypolicychangesintheRHI•  Policychange1:Thepowerofthe

RenewableEnergyAssocia:ontospeeduptheintroduc:onoftheRHI

•  Policychange2:FundingtheRHIthroughgeneraltaxaDon

•  Policychange3:ThemaintenanceoftheRHIinthecoaliDonGovernment

•  Policychange4:ThemandarinandtheneardeathoftheRHI(2010-2011)

•  Policychange5:Theoverrewardingofbiomass

•  Policychange6:Furthersupportforbiomass

•  Policychange7:Extrasupportforbiomethane

EnergyPolicyGroup

Biomassisdomina?ngthenon-domes?cscheme

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

GWh

Smallbiomassboiler(<200kW)

Mediumbiomassboiler(200-1000kW)

Largebiomassboiler(>1000kW)

Solarthermal(<200kW)

Smallwaterorgroundsourceheatpumps(<100kW)

Largewaterorgroundsourceheatpumps(>100kW)

AirSourceHeatPumps

CHP

DeepGeothermal

Biogas

Biomethane DECC,2016

EnergyPolicyGroup

MethodologicalIssues•  Intervieweesonbothsideswillhaveinterests,nothingcanbetakenatfacevalue

•  Policysuccessdoesn’tindicateinfluence,luckandcircumstanceareimportantfactors

•  Secondphaseofresearchwouldstrengthenmethodology–  Triangula?onfollowedby:

•  Secondaryinterviews•  Furthermoredetaileddocumentanalysis

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Conclusions

•  UKheatpolicyispowerladen– Therehavebeennumerousakemptstoinfluencepolicywithimpactsonthetransforma?on

•  Powerisnotjustassociatedwithlobbyistsbutalsocivilservants,poli?cians

•  Theroleofknowledge/evidenceispar?cularlyimportantwhenconsideringpower

•  Socio-poli?calpowermustbeconsideredbypolicymakers

EnergyPolicyGroup

What’snext?

•  Writeupthesisincludingotheraspects•  CompleteUKERCproject‘Heat,IncumbencyandTransforma?ons’– 24months– Focusontheheatsectorandincumbentcompanies

•  BuildacademiccapacityaroundUK/globalheatgovernance

EnergyPolicyGroup

References•  CommikeeonClimateChange,2015.TheFiJhCarbonBudget:Thenextsteptowardsalow-carboneconomy,

Availableat:hkps://documents.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Commikee-on-Climate-Change-Finh-Carbon-Budget-Report.pdf.

•  DECC,2013.EsDmatesofheatuseintheUnitedKingdomin2012,London.Availableat:hkps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/akachment_data/file/244735/4_es?mates_of_heat_use_in_the_uk_2012.pdf.

•  DECC,2013,b.TheFutureofHeaDng :MeeDngthechallenge,London.Availableat:hkps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/akachment_data/file/190149/16_04-DECC-The_Future_of_Hea?ng_Accessible-10.pdf.

•  DECC,2015.DigestofUnitedKingdomEnergyStaDsDcs(DUKES)2015,London.Availableat:hkps://www.gov.uk/government/publica?ons/digest-of-united-kingdom-energy-sta?s?cs-dukes-2013-printed-version-excluding-cover-pages.

•  DECC,2016.RHIMonthlyNon-DomesDcForecast29February2016,•  Haugaard,M.,Ryan,K.(2012)SocialandPoli?calPower.InM.Haugaard&K.Ryan,eds.PoliDcalPower:the

DevelopmentoftheField.BarbarBudrich,Opladen,Berlin,Toronto,pp.21–53.•  IEA,2014.Hea?ngwithoutglobalwarming-Marketdevelopmentsandpolicyconsidera?onsforrenewableheat.•  Lukes,S.,2005.Power:ARadicalView,SecondEdiDon,PalgraveMacmillan,Hampshire.•  Markard,J.,Suter,M.&Ingold,K.,2016.Socio-technicaltransi?onsandpolicychange–Advocacycoali?onsin

Swissenergypolicy.EnvironmentalInnovaDonandSocietalTransiDons,18,pp.215–237.•  Shove,E.&Walker,G.,2010.Governingtransi?onsinthesustainabilityofeverydaylife.ResearchPolicy,39(4),pp.

471–476.Availableat:hkp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar?cle/pii/S0048733310000338[AccessedJanuary22,2014].