Post on 29-Jul-2018
Outline • Meet the instructor
• Introduction to Poa annua and trivialis – Why such a problem?
– ID to species and biotype
• Current Control and Suppression Methods – Cultural
– PGR
– Herbicide
• New Products (Prograss SC, Tenacity, Velocity, Xonerate, Sureguard, Specticle Flo, Negate, Poacure)
Meet the Instructor
• Born in FL, raised in MS
• M.S. MS State
• PhD NC State
• Employed at Virginia Tech for 12 years
Shawn Askew, PhD Associate Professor of Turfgrass Weed Science & State Extension Specialist, Virginia Tech
Nematode damage
Photo courtesy of Dr. Jim Baird, Univ. of CA
• Stem Gall Nematode
• Anguina pacificae
Common Diseases
• Anthracnose
– Colletotrichum graminicola
• Rapid Blight
– Labyrinthula terrestris
Images courtesy of Dr. Derek Settle and Dr. Jim Baird
Insects • Annual bluegrass weevil
– Listronotus maculicollis
• Larvae feed on actively growing annual bluegrass plants
– Young larvae bore into stems and feed internally
– Older larvae feed on the crown
Images courtesy of H.D. Niemczyk
Controlling Poa Can Be Difficult
Putting green injury by
amicarbazone, recently
registered as Xonerate
Herbicide
Dr. Jim Baird, Univ. California
Poa annua Identification
Membrane Ligule Folded Vernation Two-parted Midrib
Boat-shaped Leaf Tip
Usually Flat Stem White Seedheads
Poa annua: Perennial vs Annual Types
• Density
– Annual less dense
• Leaf width
– Annual wider
• Seedheads
– Annual more seed
• Survival
– Annual dies in summer
Poa annua: Resistant Biotypes
• PS II inhibitors – Simazine, Xonerate
• Thiocarbamates – Prograss
• Ureas & Amides – Karmex
• ALS Inhibitors – Revolver, Monument, Velocity
• Dinitroanilines – Pendulum, Barricade
• Glycines – Roundup (glyphosate)
Roundup Resistant Poa Confirmed at Virginia Tech Spring 2013
Poa trivialis Identification
Membrane Ligule Compact Seedhead Stems Often Red
Only Makes Seedheads if Not Mown Circular Patches Expand via Stolons
Cultural Management- P. annua & trivialis
• Has poor drought tolerance
• Water infrequently and deep
• Improve drainage and percolation
• More competitive in shady areas (P. annua)
• Increase light to improve turf competition
• Use turfgrass that is more adapted to shade
• Reduce phosphorus fertilizer input during fall
• Reduce compaction, use walking mowers, etc.
What are the Options for Postemergence Poa annua Control on Fairways and/or Greens?
• PGR programs – Trinexapac ethyl (Primo, Tnex, etc.) – Paclobutrazol (Trimmit, Tidepaclo, etc.) – Flurprimidol (Cutless, Legacy) – Ethephon & Mefluidide for Seedhead Suppression
• Herbicides for Bentgrass/KY Bluegrass (Marketed and Experimental)
– Ethofumesate, Bispyribac sodium, Amicarbazone, Mesotrione, Methiozolin, Primisulfuron
• Herbicides for Bermudagrass/Zoysiagrass – Glyphosate, Trifloxysulfuron, Foramsulfuron, Rimsulfuron,
Flazasulfuron, Indaziflam
University Club of Kentucky Sand-based Green/PGR control of Poa study
AJ Powell, University of Kentucky
Collected April 2007, sequential treatments applied whole 2006 season
8 applications
How do PGR’s Affect Poa Populations?
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan
Days b
etw
een P
rim
o @
200 G
DD
Calculated Days Between Primo Application in Richmond Virginia from 1949 to 2005
Do you change application interval
with Trimmit?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Apr May
Tide Paclo
Trimmit
Nontreated *
* *
* *
Effect of Two Paclobutrazol Products on Poa annua Cover Over Time on Two Virginia, USA Golf Putting Greens in 2010-2011
Po
a a
nn
ua
co
ver
(%)
* * *
*
* *
* = diff. from NTC (p=0.05)
16 fl oz/A
8 fl oz/A
Maximum Poa annua Control by Paclobutrazol
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Cross et al. 2013 Johnson and Murphy 1995
McCollugh et al. 2005
Johnson and Murphy 1996
4 MALT
4 MALT
1 MALT
Pooled
Time of evaluation: MALT = Months after last treatment
Poa
ann
ua
cove
r re
du
ctio
n (
%)
Seedhead Suppression
• Seedhead suppression from ethephon and mefluidide is erratic
• Growing degree models help to maximize what is still erratic control (Apply at 50 GDD at base 50 F)
• Increasing rates or application frequency can improve seedhead suppression but causes injury to putting greens – Mefluidide just plain injurious
– Ethephon can cause crown rising – scalping, root loss in hot weather
Seedhead Suppression
• Normal program is to apply once at 50 GDD50 and again 4 weeks later
• Recent research at Virginia Tech suggest better seedhead suppression is obtained from ethephon by applying the initial treatment during putting green dormancy (late winter) and follow with a 2nd and 3rd treatment at the normal timings.
Effect of PGR Programs on Turf Injury
9 23 NS 14 NS
Apr 4
Time (d after first treatment)
May 26
Inju
ry (
%)
Effect of PGR Programs on % Annual Bluegrass Seedheads
2 10 11 3 NS NS
Mar 4
Time (d after first treatment)
May 26
See
dh
ead
(%
Co
ver)
Effect of Proxy Program with & Without Early Treatment and DMI (Bayleton) on Annual Bluegrass Seedhead Cover
* * * * Denotes Early Trt. Reduced Seedheads P=0.05
More than Normal Proxy Program.
SP = Spotswood Country Club; VT = Virginia Tech Golf Course
See
dh
ead
(%
Co
ver)
Prograss (Ethofumesate)
• Not for greens, inconsistent control of Poa annua from one year to next and dependent on winter temperatures. Will not control Poa trivialis.
• Best control is achieved with three treatments per year each at 0.75 lb ai/A
(2 qt of EC or 0.75 qt 4SC) (Nov, Dec, Mar) in KY Bluegrass and Creeping bentgrass.
• Not for use in Zoysiagrass!
Prograss (Ethofumesate)
• Can use up to 2 lb ai/A in bermudagrass overseeded with perennial ryegrass but most common use is 2 applications at 1.1 lb ai/A (3 qt of EC or 1.1 qt of 4SC)
• Don’t apply after Jan 1 in dormant bermudagrass to avoid delayed greenup due to soil residual
Prograss (Ethofumesate)
Cost: $216/A or $268/A
Rate: 1.5 qt SC or 3 qt EC x 2 Use Pattern
Xonerate 1 oz x 4, $450/A
Velocity 2 oz/A 4 times, $225/A Competitors:
Tenacity (Mesotrione) Fall Treatment
• For use in KYB, Tall Fescue, and Per Rye (Best in pure KYB)
• Goal is to kill tiny Poa plants as they germinate or soon after emergence
• Start in late August
• Use rate is 2 to 4 fl oz/A
• Apply 3 or 4 treatments at 2 week intervals
• Example: 3 oz/A applied 4 times at 2 week intervals starting August 20 and ending Oct 10.
Tenacity (Mesotrione) Fall Treatment
• Recent trend is to mix with Xonerate for improved Poa control
• Best all-time mixture with Tenacity is Turflon Ester (triclopyr) as it improves efficacy on almost all target weeds and reduces whitening. Turflon does not help with Poa.
Cost: $105/A
Rate: 3 oz/A 4 times Use Pattern
Xonerate 1 oz/A x 4, $450/A
Prograss 0.75 gal/A x 2, $270/A Competitors:
Velocity 2 oz/A x 4, $225/A
Velocity (Bispyribac sodium) • Recent bentgrass programs are stressing the use
of 2 oz/A applied weekly or every 2 weeks throughout the season
• Alternately, 2 oz/A applied twice in spring and twice in fall
• If bentgrass discoloration occurs, delay next treatment
• I’ve not tested these programs but have heard good things about them
• Velocity is not for use on putting greens
Roughstalk Bluegrass Control Over Time with Velocity – Avg. 2 Trials in 2002
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Co
ntr
ol (
%)
Average of Summer & Fall Timings Vel 3 oz/A x 1 y = = -11.6Ln(x) + 26
R2 = 0.88
Vel 3 oz/A x 3 y = -0.5x2 + 9x + 4
R2 = 0.98
Vel 6 oz/A x 1 y = -22.Ln(x) + 58
R2 = 0.99
Vel 6 oz/A x 3 y = -0.62x2 + 10x +
29 R2 = 0.90
Pro 0.75gal x 2 y = -0.55x + 6
R2 = 0.73 Time after treatment (weeks)
Cleaning up the 2003 Perennial Ryegrass NTEP at Virginia Tech with Velocity
Excellent safety to Ryegrass. Tall Fescue now has a supplemental label. Price is now competitive with Prograss.
Cost: $225/A
Rate: 2 oz/A 4 times Use Pattern
Xonerate 1 oz x 4, $450/A
Prograss 0.75 gal x 2, $270/A Competitors:
Xonerate
• Arysta LifeSciences
• Active ingredient – amicarbazone
• Virginia Tech Research is steering toward athletic fields or KY bluegrass and away from bent greens
• Label specifies 50-80F air temp for application
• Excellent POST annual bluegrass control
• Inconsistent turf injury
• Sequential apps with low rates or tank mix combos may be best program to avoid high turf injury or phase out high infestations of annual bluegrass
Injury by Amicarbazone on bentgrass putting greens
Dr. Jim Baird, Univ. California
Methiozolin
Amicarbazone
Methiozolin 1 oz/M
Amicarbazone 1 oz/A
Methiozolin 0.7 oz/M
Methiozolin 0.7 + Amicarbazone 1
Trimmit 16 oz/A
FeSO4
Shady Canyon Golf Club, Irvine, CA 39 DAIT
Amicarbazone caused severe injury to this putting green when sprayed in record heat 4 weekly applications at 1 oz/A each, Richmond, VA. This image was taken after 2 months of recovery. Data suggest under cooler weather,
this injury would not have happened. Use on Greens is not a standing recommendation from Dr. Askew. Use on Fairways should be planned for
times when max. air temps. are between 50 F and 80 F for one week.
Number of the Past 60 Years Max Temps are Between 50F and 80F for 1 Week Following a Given Spring Day in Richmond, VA
March 20 June 21 May 1
Number of the Past 60 Years Max Temps are Between 50F and 80F for 1 Week Following a Given Spring Day in Blacksburg, VA
March 20 June 21 May 1
Exploit Differential Absorption Rates
3
54
36
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Annual bluegrass Creeping Bentgrass Tall Fescue
Yu and McCullough, Univ. GA 2012
Tim
e to
50
% f
olia
r ab
sorp
tio
n (
h)
3 oz/A 3-wk x 2
3 oz/A 2-wk x 2
2 oz/A 3-wk x 2
2 oz/A 2-wk x 2
Running check
1 oz/A Weekly x 4
KY Bluegrass Fairway , Blacksburg, VA
Best Performers
New Research on KY Bluegrass Fairways
• By focusing on bentgrass uses in the early research did we overlook potentially better uses on greens approaches and in KY bluegrass & Fescue?
• Xonerate is the only herbicide available that will effectively control Poa in spring on KY bluegrass and higher-cut bentgrass and can also be used in other species of turf
• Stop killing greens! Start using Xonerate in the areas it should have been used all along!
• Regardless of the area, test Xonerate on a small scale first before spraying large areas.
Combos Currently Under Evaluation • Tenacity 4-5 oz/A + Xonerate 1.0 – 1.5 oz/A
– This mixture is great for KY bluegrass lawns, ball fields, fairways, etc. Two applications at 3-week intervals. Controls Poa and other weeds.
• Trimmit (Paclobutrazol) 4-6 oz/A + Xonerate 1 oz/A – Apply up to 4 times at weekly intervals
– Delay treatment in hot weather (above 80 F)
– More Consistent Poa control with potentially less applications with this combo
Take Home
• For use in any cool-season turf for spring Poa control • Avoid application in hot and/or dry weather to reduce
bent/blue injury • Higher rates and better safety in bermudagrass • Irrigate treated area 4 hours after treatment to
improve turf safety to bent/blue. • Standard program is 1 oz x 4 weekly, or 2 oz x 2 @ 2-3
wk in bent/blue or higher rates single apps in others • Best uses: Golf Roughs (spot and zone treat), Green
Surrounds (alternate broadcast and spot), Fairways and Tees (Consider combos with Tenacity and Trimmit)
Cost: $450/A
Rate: 1 oz/A 4 times Use Pattern
Velocity 2 oz x 4, $225/A
Prograss 0.75 gal x 2, $270/A Competitors:
Current major limitations to Xonerate success: Price and container size (9 oz). New formulations are under evaluation that may solve both problems.
What’s next for Poa annua control? Nick Christians – Grounds Mgt. March 2006
“Will there ever be a single herbicide that will finally solve the Poa annua problem? It is my opinion that this is very unlikely. The perfect herbicide would have to provide selective preemergence and postemergence control of the many biotypes of Poa annua and be safe for use on a variety of competing species. It is very unlikely that such a material will ever be found.”
PoaCure® 1. Identity
Structure:
Chemical name: Methiozolin
Brand name: PoaCure®
Code name: MRC-01
Chemical name: 5-(2,6-Difluoro-
benzyloxymethyl)-5-methyl-3-(3-methyl-
thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-isoxazole
CAS registration number: 403640-27-7
Empirical formula: C17H17F2NO2S
Molecular weight: 337.39
S
NO
O
F
F
Technical
(97%up)
Formulation
(25% EC)*
Product
UTC 0.15 fl oz/M
Methiozolin is a selective grass herbicide:
• Selectivity between broadleaved plants and grasses
• Selectivity among grasses: Turf vs. weeds (ex. Poa pratensis vs. Poa
annua)
UTC 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2
UTC 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2
Poa Pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) Poa Annua (Annual bluegrass)
fl oz/M
PoaCure® 2. Basic biology (1)
CK 0.6 1.2 2.4 4.8 fl oz/M
Kentucky bluegrass
(Poa pratensis)
Annual bluegrass
(Poa annua)
UTC 0.005 0.125 0.6 1.2 2.4 fl oz/M
Application at
the 4 leaf stage
Recommended rate
Possible rates
PoaCure® 2. Basic biology (2)
Safe to virtually all established turfgrasses: Creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass,
Perennial ryegrass, Fescues, Zoysiagrass, Bermudagrass, Seashore paspalum, Kikyugrass…
x1 x2 CK x4 x8
Two weeks after application Three weeks after application
x1 x2 CK x4 x8
x1 x2 CK x4 x8 x1 x2 CK x4 x8
x1 x2 CK x4 x8 x1 x2 CK x4 x8
(0.6) (1.2) (2.4) (4.8) fl oz/M
PoaCure® 3. Turfgrass safety
Creeping
bentgrass
Kentucky
bluegrass
Zoysiagrass
(seedling)
Injury by 1X Cumyluron in Richmond, VA Demonstrates PoaCure Safety
Dr. Shawn Askew, Virginia Tech
PoaCure Cumyluron
Injury by Xonerate demonstrates PoaCure safety, California
Dr. Jim Baird, Univ. California
PoaCure
Xonerate
Can control Poa annua from PRE to Flowering stage
fl oz/M Untreated 0.15 1.2 0.6 0.3 2.4
Untreated 1.2 0.6 0.3 2.4
Untreated 0.15 1.2
0.6 0.3 2.4
4 to 5 leaf
2 to 3 leaf
PRE
0.15
One app.
Two apps.
Untreated 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2
Untreated 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2
PoaCure® 4. Poa annua control
Mid POST
PRE to
Early
POST Late
POST
(flowering
stage)
*Pictures are from greenhouse,
non-mowing condition
0D
AA
Untreated 1.2 fl oz/M 2.4 fl oz/M
15D
AA
21D
AA
PoaCure has strong seed head suppression activity
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Headin
g r
ate
(% o
f C
ontr
ol)
Application dose(g ai/ha)
Panicle number
(1.2)
(2.4)
Panicle number of the
untreated pot (14x21cm) was
807, which was equivalent to
26,900/m2.
PoaCure® 5. Poa annua seed head suppression
SEEDHEAD SEVERITY (16 MAY 2011)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Primo +
Proxy
(200 GDD)
Primo +
Proxy
(350 GDD)
Primo +
Proxy
(500 GDD)
Embark
(300 GDD)
Embark
(400 GDD)
Embark
(500 GDD)
Methiozolin
(200 GDD)
Methiozolin
(350 GDD)
Methiozolin
(500 GDD)
Seedhead S
eve
rity
(0-10)
200 GDD = 4 April 300 GDD = 10 April 350 GDD = 14 April 400 GDD = 17 April 500 GDD = 22 April
B B
D D
C
D
C
C
AB
5 oz/M 0.75 oz/M 2.4 oz/M
POA ANNUA SEEDHEAD SUPPRESSION WITH VARIOUS PGRS AND METHIOZOLIN, 16 MAY 2011
Primo (0.125 fl oz) +
Proxy (5.0 fl oz)
Untreated
PoaCure 500 GDD
Efficacy is better with split multiple application than one application of a high
rate. The interval is 2 to 4 weeks depending on rate
Example 1: Efficacy on flowering stage Poa annua
1.2 fl oz/M 2 times > 2.4 fl oz/M 1 time
One app.
Two apps.
UTC 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2
UTC 0.6 4.8 2.4 1.2
Example 2: Efficacy on Poa trivialis
*Poa trivilais 100% from fairways
1.2 fl oz/M 2 times > 2.4 fl oz/M 1 time
2.4 fl oz/M 2 times provided >80% control
PoaCure® 5. Split sequential application effect
*0.2 ml/m2 = 0.6 fl oz/M
Effect of PoaCure Programs on Poa Cover
2010 – 2012 (Virginia Tech Golf Course)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
14
57
87
11
9
14
9
17
9
21
0
31
8
35
2
36
7
37
9
39
9
42
0
42
7
44
2
52
9
55
2
4K 2 App
4K 4 App
4K 6 App
Ben 2 App
Nontreated Poa
cove
r (%
)
Apr 2010
Sep 2010
Apr 2011
Sep 2011
Time after initial treatment (d)
Target rate 4.8 fl oz/M/yr
Annual bluegrass cover over time at Spotswood Country Club, Harrisonburg, VA – Aggressive Spring Program
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
4-Mar 4-Apr 4-May 4-Jun 4-Jul 4-Aug 4-Sep 4-Oct 4-Nov
NTC
8 Apps
6 Apps
4 Apps
Spr./Fall
Co
ver
(%)
NS 15 11 6 11 12 9 18 10
* * * * * * * * <<Application Times
0.6
fl o
z/1
00
0 f
t2
Average Annual Bluegrass Cover on 3 Golf Putting Greens in Virginia after 2 Yr PoaCure Treatment
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720 810
PoaCure 0.6 oz
PoaCure 0.9 oz
Nontreated
* * * *
* Treatment times
Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011
An
nu
al b
lueg
rass
co
ver
(%)
First time methiozolin was sprayed on US Soil!
Area Under the Poa annua Cover Progressive Curve over 2 Yr
0 5000
10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
Each herbicide applied 4 times (spring + Fall for 2 yr)
a a a
b c
d
e
AU
PC
Note: AUPC of 35,850 would equal average 50% Poa cover year round
PoaCure is an extremely slow-acting herbicide that provides smooth transition
of Poa-infested turf to Poa-free turf
Untreated 1.2 2.4 4.8 fl oz/M 0.6
Barely recognizable growth cessation
compared with untreated
Plant growth is completely stalled, but no
change in color
Start to show chlorosis
Complete death in the full rate or some
recovery in the low rates
In a real golf course, the efficacy
becomes complete in 4 to 12 weeks
depending on season and location.
3 Days after
application
3 Weeks after
application
4 Weeks after
application
6 Weeks after
application
PoaCure® 6. Extremely slow-acting
PoaCure Demo at Spotswood CC, Harrisonburg, VA 3 Fall applications at 0.6 fl oz/M to whole green in 2009
1st Whole Green Treated in US!
4 x 4 sheet of plywood
Grand National, AL
Photo: 3-15-2011
Non-treated
PoaCure ≈1.2 fl oz/M
Nov. 19 + Dec. 21, 2010
PoaCure ≈0.9 fl oz/M
Nov. 19 + Dec. 9, 2010 + Mar. 3, 2011
Grand National, AL
Non-treated
PoaCure ≈0.6 fl oz/M
6 applications Nov. 2010 – Mar. 2011
No bentgrass injury,
99 % Poa control
Grand National, AL
PGR program
Photo taken 3-15-2011
PoaCure ≈1.2 fl oz/M
3 apps in 2009
Nov. + Dec. + Dec.
Clean for 1.5 years!
Spring apps at 0.6 fl oz x 4, White Beaches GCC, Haworth, NJ
PoaCure®
Untreated Treated
Treated Untreated
PoaCure® Fall app 0.6 x 2 @ 2 week– Hallbrook CC, Kansas City, KS
Photo taken 5/30/13
Untreated Treated
PoaCure® Fall app 0.6 x 2 @ 2 week– Hallbrook CC, Kansas city, KS
Photo taken 5/30/13
Untreated Treated
PoaCure® Fall app 1.2 x 2 @ 2 week Late in December- Stanwich Club,
Greenwich, CT
Photo taken 3/15/13
PoaCure® Spring app 1.2 x 4 @ 2 week– Baltusrol GC, Springfield, NJ
Photo taken 5/30/13
Untreated Treated
Poa annua Control on Creeping Bentgrass Fairways
Fall, 2010 Spring, 2011
Summer, 2011 Spring, 2012
PoaCure® Kentucky Bluegrass Fairway conversion
Castle Pine GC, Korea
Current Projects at Virginia Tech
• Fairways &Poa trivialis control • Improving Putting Surface Recovery • Ball Roll Uniformity • Interaction with Proxy • EUP with EPA • Fine Tuning Greens Programs • Influence of soil saturation • Mode of Action
– Aeroponics root study – Tyrosine Amino Transferase study
Poa not treated
Poa treated 2 µm
Kentucky Bluegrass Injury as Influenced by Variety and Methiozolin Rate
0
50
100
43 75 32 85 94 103 14 38 45 91 101 108 40 35 73 49 82 90 16 23 68 97 3 58 105 76 10 30 7 80 27 61 89 6 28 12 22
KY
blu
egra
ss in
jury
(%
)
Variety number (1-110)
0
50
100
43 75 32 85 94 103 14 38 45 91 101 108 40 35 73 49 82 90 16 23 68 97 3 58 105 76 10 30 7 80 27 61 89 6 28 12 22
0
50
100
43 75 32 85 94 103 14 38 45 91 101 108 40 35 73 49 82 90 16 23 68 97 3 58 105 76 10 30 7 80 27 61 89 6 28 12 22
2.0 kg/ha x 2
4.0 kg/ha x 2
6.0 kg/ha x 2
LSD = 6.8
LSD = 11
LSD = 22
KYB Cover 21 WAIT following Methiozolin at 2.0 kg ai/ha Twice at Monthly Interval
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
43 75 32 85 94 103 14 38 45 91 101 108 40 35 73 49 82 90 16 23 68 97 3 58 105 76 10 30 7 80 27 61 89 6 28 12 22
KY
blu
egra
ss c
ove
r (%
)
Variety number (1-110)
LSD = 25
KYB Cover 21 WAIT in Untreated Plots
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
43 75 32 85 94 103 14 38 45 91 101 108 40 35 73 49 82 90 16 23 68 97 3 58 105 76 10 30 7 80 27 61 89 6 28 12 22
KY
blu
egra
ss c
ove
r (%
)
Variety number (1-110)
LSD = 22
PoaCure 1.0 kg X4 (Fall & Spring)
Primisulfuron X2 Spring
PoaCure 2.0 kg X2 (Fall)
Methiozolin Poa annua and Poa trivialis control trial in Blacksburg 2011-2012
May 10, 2012
Poa Species Control on KYB Fairway
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
100
Poa annua
Poa trivialis
Co
ntr
ol (
%)
May 10, 2012
LSD = 20
LSD = 28
Rates kg ai/ha
Poa Species Control on KYB Fairway
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
100
Poa annua
Poa trivialis
Co
ntr
ol (
%)
May 10, 2012
LSD = 20
LSD = 28
Rates kg ai/ha
Simulated Rapid Transition Using PoaCure at 6X Rate fb 1X fb 1X
0 DAT 8 DAT 15 DAT 23 DAT
29 DAT 41 DAT 55 DAT 67 DAT
71 DAT 76 DAT 90 DAT
Effect of Methiozolin Program on Void Recovery Over Time – Tyee Green 0.125”
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
None
0.6 fl oz x 6
1.2 fl oz x 3
LSD (0.05) NS
0.5
NS
1.2
0.8
1.0
NS
NS
NS NS NS NS NS
Time after initiation (d)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
23-Mar 30-Mar 6-Apr 13-Apr 20-Apr 27-Apr 4-May 11-May 18-May 25-May 1-Jun
No Me No Me + Fert No Me + Fert + TE No Me + Bio
Me Me + Fert Me + Fert + TE Me + Bio
Bentgrass Cover as Affected by PoaCure %
Co
ver
* * * * * *
* PoaCure Applied at 0.6 fl oz/M
13 12 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
14-Apr 19-Apr 24-Apr 29-Apr 4-May 9-May 14-May 19-May 24-May 29-May 3-Jun 8-Jun 13-Jun 18-Jun
No Fert. Inc. Fert. . Fert + TE Biostimulant
Effect of Fertility, Biostimulant, & PGR on Bentgrass Recovery Following Rapid Poa Removal
% G
ree
n P
ixe
ls
18.5
15.5 11.3
3.6
NS
NS NS
Effect of PoaCure on Stimp Readings at Spotswood CC, June 3, 2011
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
8 Apps 0.6 fl oz 6 Apps 0.8 fl oz 4 Apps 1.2 fl oz 3 Apps 1.3 fl oz Nontreated
Sti
mp
(ft
)
PoaCure Treatments
A
A A A
B
Ball Roll Uniformity
Measuring Ball Roll Uniformity
Nontreated (60% Poa) MRC-01 (<1% Poa)
1 m 1 m
Resting position of 17 golf balls rolled from static position
Ball Roll Uniformity
Interaction with Proxy
PoaCure 1X Rate
PoaCure 2X Rate
PoaCure 4X Rate
Nontreated
PoaCure 1X Rate + Proxy 5 oz/M
PoaCure 2X Rate + Proxy 5 oz/M
PoaCure 4X Rate + Proxy 5 oz/M
Desired Treatment Area
46%
2%
43%
6% 3%
Greens
Green Surrounds
Greens + Surrounds
Fairways
Tees
N=163 Respondents
Desired Acres to Treat (1 to 6)
16%
10%
18%
21%
7%
28% 1
2
3
4
5
6
N=164 Respondents
Total Requested Acres = 621 Total Submitted to EPA = 880
Greens Construction
10%
68%
10%
12%
California Style (USGA mix over soil)
USGA Spec. mix over gravel
Push Up (native soil)
Push UP (modified)
N=164 Golf Courses
Bentgrass Cultivars on Greens
5 5 5 5
5 7
9
9
10
10
20
20 26
50
26 Tyee
G-2
Crenshaw
Dominant Extreme
SR1020
Providence
"007"
Dominant Plus
T-1
Pennlinks
L-93
Penncross
A-1
A-4
Other
N=141 Respondents
Number of Courses per Cultivar
Loading Factors of Principle Components
Variable PC 1 (14.1%) PC 2 (12.7%)
Lat -0.11501 0.55231
Long -0.03469 0.58338
Green_age 0.75609 0.17597
Green_type 0.50784 0.28469
Mow_ht 0.28308 0.05882
AvgGreenSize -0.35044 -0.06686
MowPerWeek -0.0263 0.34093
pH -0.19325 -0.3013
OM 0.34017 -0.27551
CEC 0.49509 -0.11515
Infiltration -0.70466 0.19997
MaxThatch -0.0634 -0.3696
NperYear -0.12667 -0.32115
NoRounds 0.08483 -0.65651
Effect of Putting Green Age on Annual Bluegrass Cover (First 15 Years)
y = 2.22x + 3.25 R² = 0.95
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
An
nu
al b
lueg
rass
co
ver
(%)
Putting green age (yr) N = 107
Effect of Putting Green Mowing Height on Percentage of Poa that is Perennial
y = -0.0141x2 + 2.8317x - 100.71 R² = 0.8193
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Pere
nn
ial B
ioty
pe
(%)
Green mowing height (thousandths IN) N = 163
Some Things We Currently Know about PoaCure
• It works • It is safer than anything else that has ever worked • Primary activity from root absorbed (Xylem mobile) • Fall apps more effective than spring • Higher height of cut = higher rate needed • Sand-based green = higher rate/more frequent
application to get same control as “Pushup” • Mechanical stress increases response • Cold stress may increase response • Saturated conditions may increase response • Don’t use in conjunction with Proxy
Please check our website, you will find the most recent
updates on PoaCure research from different regions
of the United States
• www.moghu.com/en/index
• Twitter @ MoghuUSA
Any questions regarding PoaCure, please feel free to contact
PoaCure development manager - Kyung Han
• Kyungmhan@moghu.com
717-350-9829
PoaCure® Contact Us
Moghu USA, LLC
Say Hello, when you see this license plate!
A Word from the Company
Korea:
• Launched in April 2010
• 2010: 65 golf courses, >1,000 acres used (Total course #: ~300)
• 2011: 101 golf courses, ~3,000 acres used
• 2012: 125 golf courses, ~15,000 acres used
Japan:
• Registration submission in 2012
• Full registration and commercial launch planned in 2014
USA:
• 2009: VA Tech, Auburn University
• 2010: + Rutgers, PSU, UCR
• 2011~: Research in 20 State Universities, 3 dedicated graduate students
(VT, Auburn and UCR), demonstrations in ~40 prestigious golf courses
• EUP submitted in November 2012 (>160 courses participate); Approval
expected in April 2014
• Full registration and commercial launch planned in 2016
PoaCure® Development Status