Post on 26-Apr-2022
PLUM POX VIRUS ERADICATION PROGRAM
2016 Hudson Valley Grower Meeting February 2016
Joint Effort to Wipe Out this Disease
New York State Department of Agriculture & Markets (NYSDAM)
&United States Department of Agriculture –Animal & Plant
Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS)
Working together to protect NY & US agriculture
Joint Effort to Wipe Out this Disease
Collaborating with key New York Partners
Dr. Marc Fuchs, Associate Professor Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology
Dan Donahue, Senior Extension Educator – Tree Fruit ENY Commercial Horticulture Program
NYS Department of Agriculture & MarketsNYS PPV Program Coordinator:Patricia Sierzenga, Horticultural Inspector 2, NYSDAM
Survey Staff: Matthew Sweeney, Assistant Horticultural Inspector 2, NYSDAMDiane Obusek, Assistant Horticultural Inspector 2, NYSDAMSean Beckinghausen, Julie Berlinski & Noah Bixby- Assistant Horticultural Inspector 1, NYSDAM
Administrative Staff:Christopher Logue, Director of Plant Industry, NYSDAMMargaret Kelly, Assistant Director of Plant Industry, NYSDAM
United States Department of Agriculture Administrative Staff NY:Mafalda Weldon, NY SPHD, PPV Program Director
Field Staff NY: Stephen Kubber, PPQ OfficerBarbara Hammerstone, Supervisor USDA APHIS PPQMatthew Bradford, Plant Health Safeguarding Specialist
USDA-APHIS-PPQ National:Don Seaver, National Program Staff ScientistLynn Evans-Goldner, National Policy Manager – Pest Mgt.
What is Plum Pox Virus (PPV)? Most devastating viral disease of stone fruit From the genus Prunus Also known as Sharka (Slavic name)
The virus reduces fruit yields and the marketability ofthe fruit
This ends the tree’s productive life
What is Plum Pox Virus (PPV)? Can infect all cultivated stone fruit species including:
• Peach, Plum, Apricot, Nectarine, Almond, Sweet & Sour Cherry• Wild & Ornamental Prunus
Seven strains of PPV have been identified worldwide: D, M, El-Amar, C, W, Rec, & T
ALL United States occurrences of PPV thus far have been attributed to strain D • New York has PPV strain D• Cherries are NOT affected by the strain of PPV
we have in New York
What is Plum Pox Virus (PPV)?
PPV – D does NOT infect all Prunus species
Main stone fruits of concern:• Apricots (Prunus armeniaca)• Common Plum (Prunus domestica)• Japanese Plum (Prunus salicina)• Peach (Prunus persica)• Nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica)
Poses NO Danger to Consumers
What is Plum Pox Virus (PPV)?
PPV (strain D) Susceptible Species
Fruit Bearing American Plum & Wild Plum Apricot Cherry Plum / Myrobalan Plum Common Plum / European Plum Japanese Plum Sweet Almond Peach Nectarine
OrnamentalPurple Leaf Sand Cherry Purple Leaf Plum Purple Leaf Peach Flowering AlmondWestern Sand Cherry Black Thorn & SloeKwanzan Cherry Japanese Flowering Cherry Nanking Cherry & Hansen’s
Bush Cherry Double Flowering Plum
What is Plum Pox Virus (PPV)?
PPV Origin
1910: Virus first reported in Bulgaria (Infected Bulgarian Plums)
Spread slowly throughout Eastern Europe 1950’s-1970’s: Spread throughout Western Europe Moved into North Africa, Middle East, India, China
1992: Virus detected in Chile 1999: Virus detected in Pennsylvania, USA 2000: Virus detected in Ontario & Nova Scotia, Canada 2006: Virus detected in Michigan, USA 2006: Virus detected in New York, USA
What is Plum Pox Virus (PPV)?
European & Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
What is Plum Pox Virus (PPV)?
PPV Symptoms
Leaf Yellow or light green ring patterns, bands or blotches
Fruit & Pit Yellow or light green ring patterns, bands or blotches
What is Plum Pox Virus (PPV)?
PPV Symptom Information
Vary with timing of infection, cultivar, species,and environment
Often not apparent until 3 years or more afterinfection
Occur sporadically• Uneven distribution within the tree
Newly infected trees are rarely symptomatic Symptomless trees act as a silent virus source
What is Plum Pox Virus (PPV)? PPV Transmission
To a New Region:1) Propagative Material
- Grafts- Budwood
2) Distribution of Contaminated Material- From infected nursery stock- From infected plant material to a new location
Once infected, the virus is systematic and occurs in thecytoplasm of the cells in some parts of the plant
Local Transmission:1) Aphids2) Propagative Material
What is Plum Pox Virus (PPV)? Why Eradicate?
To stop the spread of the Virus in the United States
Significant Economic Losses: Jeopardizes our $ 1.4 million stone fruit industry Reduces fruit yield, fruit marketability & shortens
productive lifespan of orchards Renders stone fruit trees useless for fruit tree production
Plum Pox Virus Survey
Following the discovery of PPV in New York State, the U.S Secretary of Agriculture declared an emergency to effectively carry out an eradication program in the State
Plum Pox Virus Program New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets,
Division of Plant Industry, Plum Pox Survey EradicationProgram (NYSDAM)
US Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health &Inspection Service, Plant Protection & Quarantine, PlumPox Virus Survey (USDA-APHIS-PPQ-PPV)
Plum Pox Virus Survey NYSDAM Commercial Orchard Survey
Plum Pox Virus Survey Block Information
Block Code Each block of Prunus is given its own individual
identification code 34-015-01
34 = County Code 015 = Individual Grower Code 01 = Block Number
Start Tree The first tree in every block is regarded as the start tree This tree will have a cow tag around its trunk with the block
code written on the tag
All Grower information remains confidential.
Plum Pox Virus Survey
Sampling Methods1) 1 Tree 1 Sample
- 8 Leaves from each tree- 100% of trees surveyed
3)Modified Quadratic -50% of trees surveyed
2) 2 Tree 1 Sample - 4 leaves from tree #1 &
4 leaves from tree #2- 100% of trees surveyed
4) Quadratic -25% of trees surveyed
Plum Pox Virus Survey Surveyors
All surveyors will be wearing NYSDAM T-Shirts and carry official identification cards with name and photo
Plum Pox Virus Survey
Sampling
Plum Pox Virus Survey PPV Testing Process
Leaf petioles aligned
0.5 Grams of tissue are cut from each sample
Grinding Buffer added
Remaining tissue stored in cooler
Plum Pox Virus Survey PPV Testing Process
Sample is ground with a tissue homogenizer
Leaf extract is tested for PPV with ELISA in microtiter plates using specific antibodies
Plum Pox Virus Survey PPV Testing Process
Three Day Process
If virus is present, the liquid in the well will turn yellow
Any sample reading 2 times higher than the negative control is flagged as a suspect
Plum Pox Virus Survey PPV Testing Process
If the tissue was flagged as a suspect: Remaining tissue will be sent to the USDA
Beltsville Lab for retesting and confirmation The suspected tree and neighboring trees
will be all be re-sampled and sent for testing
RT-PCR Testing Reverse Transcription
Polymerase Chain ReactionMake diagnosis with a low
concentration of virus 5000 times more sensitive than ELISA
Plum Pox Virus Survey PPV Testing Process
If retested samples are positive:Destruction orders will be issued
Virus Management: No chemical control available to prevent, eliminate or
cure PPV The spread of the disease is controlled by eliminating
infected trees
Plum Pox Virus Survey
PPV Management
Destruction Orders: All Infected trees within a 50 meter radius around
the positive tree must be removed and destroyed
Sucker shoots also need to be removed
Plum Pox Virus Survey Destruction Photos
Plum Pox Virus Survey Destruction Photos
Plum Pox Virus Survey Destruction Photos
Plum Pox Virus Survey
Required Removal Compensation:
85% Federal15% State
Removal Costs: New York State reimburses up to
$1,000 per acre
Plum Pox Virus Survey PPV Management
Once the disease becomes established Control and prevention measures include: Elimination of infected trees in nurseries and orchards Field surveys Use of only certified nursery materials Establishment of a Regulated Area Established of a Nursery Stock Regulated Area
Plum Pox Virus Survey
Regulated Area 1 mile radius surrounding the location where plum pox virus
has been detected
Regulated Area Protocol: Growers, Nurseries & Distributors: No Planting No Propagation, No sale of susceptible fruit-bearing & ornamental
varieties
Plum Pox Virus Survey Regulated Area Map
Draft
Plum Pox Virus Survey Nursery Stock Regulated Area (NSRA)
11.5 kilometer radius surrounding the location where plum pox virus has been detected
The following Cities, Hamlets, Towns & Townships are under Quarantine for PPV:City of Beacon in Dutchess County, New YorkCity of Poughkeepsie in Dutchess County, New York Town of Fishkill in Dutchess County, New York Town of Poughkeepsie in Dutchess County, New York Town of Wappinger in Dutchess County, New York
City of Newburgh in Orange County, New York Town of Newburgh in Orange County, New York
Hamlet of Marlboro in Ulster County, New York Town of Marlborough in Ulster County, New York Town of Plattekill in Ulster County, New York
Plum Pox Virus Survey
Nursery Stock Regulated Area (NSRA) Protocol:
Commercial Stone FruitOrchardist:
YES PlantingNO Propagation
Nursery Growers & Distributors:NO Planting NO Propagation NO sale of susceptible fruit-
bearing & ornamental varieties UNLESS you have a NYS Compliance Agreement With compliance agreement,
can only sell within NSRA
Plum Pox Virus Survey Nursery Stock Regulated Area (NSRA) Map
Plum Pox Virus Survey Nursery Stock Regulated Area (NSRA) Map
PPV Survey - Niagara County
Border Survey 2015 Total Samples: 2,436
Niagara County
PPV Survey - Niagara County
Woodlots Survey 2014 Total Samples: 1,487
Plum Pox Virus Survey
Path to Eradication
2015 Hudson Valley Survey
Ulster County: 10,718 SamplesOrange County: 9,562 Samples
Columbia County: 2,165 Samples Dutchess County: 553 Samples
Plum Pox Virus Survey
Path to Eradication
After Positive PPV Detection: Beginning of Intensive Sampling
3 Continuous Years of Clean Survey • Release of Regulated Area (1 mile zone)
6 Continuous Years of Clean Survey • Release of Nursey Stock Regulated Area
(11.5km zone)
Plum Pox Virus Survey
Plum Pox Virus Survey