Post on 07-Apr-2018
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PLASMA DISPLAY
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SEMINAR REPORT
ON
PLASMA DISPLAY
Submitted
By
SWAPNIL S. BIRHADE
Roll No::10207
Guided by
Prof.SWAPNILA CHUMBLE
Lecturer, IT
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYDR.D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,AKURDI
PUNE- 410 506.
20010 - 11
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DR.D.Y.PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
AKURDI PUNE-410 506.
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that student Mr.SWAPNIL S. BIRHADE is
studying in TE IT course in SEM II and He has successfullycompleted and submitted the seminar-I, entitled PLASMA
DISPLAY. This study is a partial fulfillment of the degree of
Bachelors of Engineering in Information Technology of PUNE
University, PUNE during the academic year 2010-2011.
Date:
Place:
(Prof.Swapnila Chumble) (Prof. K.N.Honwadkar)
Guide Head of the Department
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With immense pleasure, I am presenting this seminar report as
part of the curriculum of T.E. Information Technology.
We express our profound thanks to our respected Pricncipal
Mrs Alka kote and Head of the Department, Prof. K.N.Honwadkar
whose advice and valuable guidance helped us in making this projectinteresting and successful one.
We are grateful to our guide Prof.Swapnila chumble for his
support and guidance throughout the course of our project.
We also thanks all those who have directly or indirectly guided
and helped us in preparation of this project.
Swapnil S. Birhade
Roll No::10207
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CONTENTS
1. Abstract 12. Introduction 33. Plasma Display 54. Cell Structure of Plasma Display Panel 6
5. How Plasma Technology works 106. Schematic illustration of single Cell / Pixel in PD 167. Plasma Screens and Display 188. Compare between PDP and LCD 209. Plasma Advantages and Disadvantages 2210.Conclusion 23
11.Bibliography 24
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Abstract
Plasma displays are bright (1,000luxor higher for the module),
have a wide colorgamut, and can be produced in fairly large
sizesup to 150 inches (3.8 m) diagonally. They have a very
low-luminance "dark-room" black level compared to the lighter grey of
the un illuminated parts of an LCD screen (i.e. the blacks are blacker on
plasmas and greyer on LCDs).LED-backlit LCD televisionshave been
developed to reduce this distinction. The display panel itself is about
6 cm (2.5 inches) thick, generally allowing the device's total thickness
(including electronics) to be less than 10 cm (4 inches). Plasma displays
use as muchpowerper square meter as aCRTor anAMLCDtelevision.
Power consumption varies greatly with picture content, with bright
scenes drawing significantly more power than darker ones - this is also
true of CRTs. Typical power consumption is 400 watts for a 50-inch
(127 cm) screen. 200 to 310 watts for a 50-inch (127 cm) display when
set to cinema mode. Most screens are set to 'shop' mode by default,
which draws at least twice the power (around 500-700 watts) of a 'home'
setting of less extreme brightness. Panasonic has greatly reduced power
consumption ("1/3 of 2007 models") Panasonic claims that PDPs will
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED-backlit_LCD_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED-backlit_LCD_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED-backlit_LCD_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMLCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMLCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMLCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMLCDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_ray_tubehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LED-backlit_LCD_televisionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lux8/4/2019 Plasma Seminar Report
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consume only half the power of their previous series of plasma sets to
achieve the same overall brightness for a given display size. The lifetime
of the latest generation of plasma displays is estimated at 100,000 hours
of actual display time, or 27 years at 10 hours per day. This is the
estimated time over which maximum picture brightness degrades to half
the original value.
Nature of Plasma
Plasma TV
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INTRODUCTION
As the flat panel television category continues its explosive growth,
plasma display panel (PDP)technology remains the benchmark and de
facto standard that consumers seek when considering the purchase of flat
panel home theater display devices. To many consumers, the term
plasma has become synonymous with all flat panel displays even
though liquid crystal display (LCD) products are also available.
Until recently, the market for direct-view, flat panel televisions was
segmented fairly clearly, with LCD sets available only in screen sizes
smaller than 30 inches, and PDP products available in larger screen sizes
ranging from 42 to 61 inches. Today, the consumer market for these two
flat panel technologies is beginning to converge, due to mass production
of LCDs in larger screen sizes.
While PDP and LCD offer some shared benefits (their flat, thin form
factor and undistorted, fixed-pixel image rendering), significant quality
differences remain. Plasma displays continue to best fill the needs of
home theater enthusiasts seeking premium-quality large-screen display
devices, due to several inherent benefits of the technology.
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Plasma Display
A plasma display is a computer video display in which eachpixelon the
screen is illuminated by a tiny bit of plasma or charged gas, somewhat
like a tiny neon light. Plasma displays are thinner than cathode ray tube
(CRT) displays and brighter than liquid crystal displays (LCD).
Plasma displays are sometimes marketed as "thin-panel" displays and
can be used to display eitheranalogvideo signals ordisplay modes
digital computer input.
In addition to the advantage of slimness, a plasma display is flat rather
than slightly curved as a CRT display is and therefore free of distortion
on the edges of the screen. Unlike many LCD displays, a plasma display
offers a very wide viewing angle. Plasma displays come in conventional
PC displays sizes and also in sizes up to 60 inches for home theater and
high definition television.
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Plasma Display
Cell Structure of Plasma Display Panel
The plasma display itself is a simple device consisting of two parallel
glass plates separated by a precise spacing of some tenths of a millimeter
and sealed around the edges. The space between the plates is filled with
a mixture of rare gases at a pressure somewhat less than one atmosphere.
Parallel stripes of transparent conducting material with a width of about
a tenth of a millimeter are deposited on each plate, with the stripes on
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one plate perpendicular to those on the other.
These stripes are the "electrodes" to which voltages are applied. The
intersections of the rows of electrodes on one side
and the columns of electrodes on the opposite glass plate define the
individual color elementsor cellsof a PDP.
For high quality color images it is important to keep the UV radiation
from passing between cells. To isolate the individual cells barriers are
created on the inside surface of one of the plates before sealing.
Troughs, honeycomb-like structures and other shapes have been used.
The red, green and blue phosphors are deposited inside these structures.
A commercial panel consists of several million cells which have to be
switched at a rate that will create 60 TV picture frames per second. A
computer translates an image into a sequence of On and Off voltage
pulses which are applied to the electrode arrays line by line and row by
row to select individual cells. Such control is possible because the
plasma is fast and can respond to the voltage pulses in a millionth of a
second. The complexity increases significantly when we consider
that each small picture element, or pixel, consists of three color cells,
and each color cell can display 256 intensity levels.
Thus each pixel can display over 16.7 million (or, more exactly,
256x256x256) colors.
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Plasma glass plate and pixel
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How Plasma Technology works
Plasma TV's create a picture from a gas (plasma) filled with xenon and
neon atoms and millions of electrically charged atoms and electrons, that
collide when you turn the power on. The collision increases the energy
level in the plasma and the neon and xenon release photons of light
(similar to the way neon lights work).
PLASMA display panels (PDPs) are one of the leading candidates in the
competition for large-size, high-brightness flat panel displays, suitable
for high-definition television (HDTV) monitors , Their advantages are
high resolution, fast response, wide viewing angle, low weight, and
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simple manufacturing process for fabrication. The fact that they are
expected to be the next generation of TV displays is evident in the
remarkable recent progress of PDP technology development and
manufacturing ,One of the most critical issues in PDP research and
technology development is the improvement of luminance and luminous
efficiency , which is dependent on the gas mixture composition,
phosphor efficiency, driving voltage characteristics, and cell geometry.
PDP cells can operate only if the applied voltage is held within certain
limits. The minimum and maximum values of the applied voltage define
the margin of the panel . These limits are determined by the breakdown
voltage. In some PDP designs, reducing the breakdown voltage may be
of higher priority than is increasing the efficiency, because of the high
cost of high-voltage driving circuits . In this article, we focus our
attention on the effects of gas mixture composition on light generation
efficiency and on the breakdown voltage. Typical plasma displays
consist of two glass plates, each with parallel electrodes deposited on
their surfaces. The electrodes are covered with a dielectric film. The
plates are sealed together with their electrodes at right angles, and the
gap between the plates is filled with an inert gas mixture. A protective
MgO layer is deposited above the dielectric film. The role of this layer is
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to decrease the breakdown voltage caused by the high secondary
electron emission coefficient of MgO. The discharge is initiated by
applying a voltage pulse to the electrodes. Xenon gas mixtures are used
to efficiently generate UV photons. The UV photons emitted by the
discharge hit the phosphors deposited on the walls of the PDP cell and
are converted into visible photons. Each cell contains phosphor that
emits one primary colorred, green, or blue. In this paper, we study
different Xenon gas mixtures and theoretically investigate their
efficiency in generating UV photons. In particular, we examine three
different cases, i.e., NeXe, HeXe, and NeXeAr. In each case, we
investigate the effect of the variation of the percentage of the constituent
gases on the efficiency of the mixture and on the breakdown voltage.
All plasmas require a source of energy. As in fluorescent lamps, the
plasma in a PDP is produced by applying a voltage across a gap that
contains gas. The plasmas used in PDPs are considered "cold" plasmas
in the sense that the background gas stays relatively cold while the
electrons (and ions) in the plasma are heated by the applied voltage.
When the hot electrons collide with the background gas atoms and
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transfer energy to them, many of those atoms respond by emitting
UV radiation. The operating conditions of the display (gas composition,
pressure, voltage, geometry, etc.) represent a compromise, taking into
account performance requirements such as low voltage operation, long
life, high brightness and high contrast. The plasma display itself is a
simple device consisting of two parallel glass plates separated by a
precise spacing of some tenths of a millimeter and sealed around the
edges. The space between the plates is filled with a mixture of rare gases
at a pressure somewhat less than one atmosphere. Parallel stripes of
transparent conducting material with a width of about a tenth of a
millimeter are deposited on each plate, with the stripes on one plate
perpendicular to those on the other. These stripes are the "electrodes" to
which voltages are applied.
Brightness and Contrast Ratio
In the spec wars, Brightness and Contrast Ratio seem to be the most
important numbers for both consumers and manufacturers.
Unfortunately, both of these specs are significantly misunderstood as
well as significantly abused and exaggerated. The values published by
most manufacturers are now so outrageous that they are close to absolute
nonsense, and its getting worse.
Throughout this series we have measured the Brightness and Contrast
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values using a consistent and scientifically objective procedure. See
earlier articles for an in-depth discussion and explanation. Briefly, here
is their significance: you need to have a sufficient amount of brightness
for comfortable viewing in your ambient light viewing conditions, but
after that more is not better, in fact, for some display technologies it is
actually worse. Contrast Ratio is affected primarily by how dark and
close to black the screen can get, but that is only important under low
ambient lighting conditions. Note that it is only possible to obtain high
picture quality and accuracy under low ambient lighting. In that case you
need moderate brightness and a high Contrast Ratio. For high ambient
lighting, you need high brightness,but dont worry about picture quality
or accuracy or Contrast Ratio, because they are all irrelevant under these
viewing conditions.
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Schematic illustration of single Cell / Pixel in PDPs
Plasma Screens and Display
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Compare between PDP and LCD
Attribute Plasmavision
Display
TFT LCD Plasmavision
Benefits
Sizes available in
mass
production
.
Big screens!
42 to 63Small 12 tomedium 37
The home theater
experience
demands a big
screen, seen from a
comfortable
viewing distance.
Plasmavision
offers large screen
sizesPeak brightness
level
Very good Good Plasmavision
displays deliver the
visual punchhome theater
enthusiasts
demand.
Contrast ratio Best Good Contrast is an
essential measureof quality in home
theater displays,
and Plasmavision
delivers superior
results.
Color fidelity Excellent Limited Plasmavision
displays use a
broader color
spectrum,to deliver accurate
color fidelity as
seen on the best
direct-view CRTs.
Viewing angle, full 160 to 180 40 to 70 Everyone can
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color and
brightness
(degrees)
enjoy a
Plasmavision
monitors
excellent color and
brightness from
every part of the
room.
Non-failure of
individual pixels
Excellent Individual
pixels can
fail over
time
Plasmavisionspixels keep
workingindividual pixel
failure after
installation is
extremely rare.
Plasma Advantages and Disadvantages
Plasma Advantages
Excellent (real) contrast ratios and black levels
Excellent color reproduction
Excellent life expectancy
Excellent viewing angle with no real loss of color or contrast
Plasma Disadvantages
Cost is very high as compare to LCD
More Electric voltage is required as compare to LCD
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Conclusion
We see this more and more on store signs and in ads promoting large-
screen, flat-panel plasma TVs. The flat plasma display is a major
competitor among several flat panel display technologiesall vying for
the potentially enormous High Definition TV market.
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Bibliography
Site Address
www.plasmacoalition.org
www.panasonic.com
www.google.com
www.associatedcontent.com
www.members.tripod.com
http://www.panasonic.com/http://www.associatedcontent.com/http://www.members.tripod.com/http://www.members.tripod.com/http://www.associatedcontent.com/http://www.panasonic.com/