Plant Kingdom

Plant KingdomAll plants are

multicellular, with cell walls made of cellulose.

Autotrophs-make own carbs for energy through photosynthesis

What Plants need to Survive

SunlightWater and MineralsGas ExchangeMovement of water and nutrition

4 Important Plant Groups are the:

Mosses (Bryophytes) Ferns

(Pteridophytes)

Conifers (Gymnosperms)

Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

Overview of Plant Kingdom

Nonvascular Plants Mosses

• The simplest of all land dwelling plants • Nonvascular (no “veins”)-lack an internal means for water transportation  • Do not produce seeds or flowers

-Fertilization depends on water medium to get the sperm to the egg.

• Lack a woody tissue necessary for support around their “stems” and so are usually relatively short

Moss

Spanish Moss

Hornworts

Liverworts

FernsThe ferns are an ancient lineage of plants, dating back to at least the Devonian. They include three living groups -- Marattiales, Ophioglossales, and leptosporangiate ferns -- as well as a couple of extinct groups.

Seedless, Vascular plants

Vascular PlantsAngiosperms and Gymnosperms

•Internal transportation System• Xylem• Phloem• Enables plants to evolve into larger specimens.

•Produce Seeds – protects and nourishes an Embryo of the new plant

Main Structures of Seed PlantsLeaves - are the

powerhouse of plants, and the major site of food production for the plant. Structures within a leaf convert the energy in sunlight into chemical energy that the plant can use as food.

Leaf Structure

Roots•Anchor the plant in the soil. •Absorb water and mineral salts from the soil. •Store food. •Form a passage way for water and dissolved substances from the root into the stem and also for foods from the stem down into the root.

Two kinds of Roots

1. Tap roots - grows vertically down

2. Fibrous roots – no root is larger than the rest

StemsThey support

the leaves and flowers

Transport water and food from place to place within the plant

Store foodFunction in

photosynthesis

Dicot vs. Monocot

Two seed leaves (cotyledons)

Leaves are net veined Vascular bundles in stems

arranged in a circle Flower parts in fours or

fives or multiples Seed chambers in fruit in

fours or fives or multiples Fibrous root system

One seed leaf (cotyledon)

Leaves have parallel veins Vascular bundles in stems

scattered Flower parts in threes or

multiples Seed chambers in fruit in

threes or multiples Tap root system

Dicot vs. Monocot

Plant Tissue Systems

Dermal tissue- outer covering of plantVascular tissue- forms transport system in

plantsGround tissue- cells that lie between

dermal and vascular tissue

Vascular Tissue• Forms the transport system in plants

• Xylem – water carrying tubes – one way transport

• Phloem – sugar carrying tissues – two way transport

Angiosperms - flowering plants

Perfect Flower

Conifers (pine cones) Oldest vascular plants

Gymnosperms