The The ClimaDatClimaDat project: project: a a unique network of unique network of sites for sites for ClimateClimate‐‐Biosphere Research Biosphere Research focused in their interactions focused in their interactions through the climate energy main exchange pathwaysthrough the climate energy main exchange pathways

Institut Català de Ciències del Clima

g gy g p yg gy g p yX. Rodó X. Rodó 1, 21, 2, J., J.‐‐A. A. MorguíMorguí 1, 3,1, 3, *, A. *, A. ÀguedaÀgueda 11, O. Batet , O. Batet 11, R. Curcoll , R. Curcoll 11, , M. Nofuentes M. Nofuentes 11, , PP. Occhipinti . Occhipinti 11, L. Sánchez, L. Sánchez‐‐García García 11, R. Arias , R. Arias 11,,M. Ealo M. Ealo 11, C. Grossi , C. Grossi 1111 InstitutInstitut Català de Català de CiènciesCiències del del ClimaClima (IC(IC33), Barcelona (Spain); ), Barcelona (Spain); 22ICREA Researcher, Spain; ICREA Researcher, Spain; 33University of Barcelona, Spain. University of Barcelona, Spain.  (* (* corresponding author: jamorgui@ic3.cat)corresponding author: jamorgui@ic3.cat)

ClimaDatClimaDat:: AA platformplatform forfor studyingstudying processesprocesses fromfrom globalglobaldynamicsdynamics toto locallocal responses,responses, fromfrom largelarge‐‐scalescale climateclimate changechangetoto ecosystemecosystem feedbacksfeedbacks inin thethe MediterraneanMediterranean regionregion..ClimaDat is a pioneer project with a network of observatories for the study and research of the

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ClimaDat is a pioneer project with a network of observatories for the study and research of theinteractions between natural systems metabolism and climate. Powered by "la Caixa" Foundationand the Catalan Institute of Climate Sciences (IC3), its objective is to obtain from the atmosphericcompartment high-quality NRT (near real time) data with free access to them. These data,measured at different sampling sites, will allow improving the knowledge of the relationshipsbetween the different compartments of the global climate system: the atmosphere, thehydrosphere, the cryosphere, the ocean, the biosphere and the anthroposphere.In short, data obtained from ClimaDat help us to understand how the Mediterranean ecosystemsare influenced by and influence the climate system where we live, through the studies from globalclimate to local conditions.

In Spanish Natural Parks, ClimaDat measures the emission orcapture of greenhouse gases due to metabolic causes:carbon dioxide (CO2) removed from air by plants or releasedby respiration, methane (CH4) generated by anaerobicdecomposition of organic matter, or nitrous oxide (N2O)released where there is an excess of nitrates (NO3

-) available.

ClimaDat also measures the budget between radiation income

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ClimaDat also measures the budget between radiation incomeand reflected light, the temperature variations throughout theday, the soil humidity and the water component of the energyflux, along with other gases (NH3, H2S, H2) or airborne seasalts and sulfates as they are influencing the life ofecosystems.

Moreover, ClimaDat looks for the pressure on natural systemsfrom the human way of life, causing the uncoupling ofprocesses or tightening their coupling the human action

hprocesses or tightening their coupling, the human actionmatching or distorting their natural rhythm.

a ///// Natural parks of Baixa Limia - Xurés and Serra do Invernadeiro (Ourense). The study focuses on the relationships between the precipitation and the local water evapotranspiration in a region where forest fires are usual and where rain frequency has been decreasing.b ///// Valderejo Natural Park (Álava). This region is located in a closed valley on a climatic Atlantic-Mediterranean boundary. These geographic characteristics make it very sensitive to large y g g p y gfluctuations in the regional climate through their scaling to small and local changes.c ///// Natural Park of the Ebro Delta (Tarragona). ClimaDat studies the influence of a frontier zone between sea and land on this natural system in the Ebro Basin and its impacts on the exchange of greenhouse gases.d ///// Reserve of the Biosphere of Menorca. The island of Menorca is receiving winds from all directions and acts as an early sensor for changes in the climate of the Western Mediterranean region, which integrates the influences from Europe and Africa on an undisturbed marine basin.e ///// Regional Park of Sierra de Gredos (Ávila). ClimaDat studies the variability of the precipitation received and stored in these mountains, and the distribution of the spatial sources, the temporal structure of water storage and the eventual release which feed the many watersheds located in this mountain range.f ///// Natural Park of Sierra de Grazalema (Cádiz). ClimaDat measures how nature and climate interact in these unique and sensitive ecosystems, growing under a very intense radiation in a karst region (where the geology makes water passes through) that receives a very variable but heavy rainfall. g ///// Natural Park of Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas (Jaén). ClimaDat analyzes these mountain systems, essential for the distribution of water in the Southern Iberian Peninsula catchments, by looking at the sensitivity of relict species populations in forests to changes in temperature and precipitation.h ///// Reserve of the Biosphere of El Hierro (Canarias). As clouds from trade winds develop on the slopes of the island, their droplets are the main source of humidify for the laurisilva ecosystem. ClimaDat analyze possible changes in the ecosystem related to climate variations of the l di tt d h i ht

Open data policyAll data in ClimaDat are open and the full set ofdata for every query is registered by a digitalquery identifier number (dqi). With this dqievery query can be tracked and reproducedany time. Readers and reviewers can introducethi ifi d i t h k th h f thcloudiness pattern and height. this specific dqi to check the coherence of theset of data used in reports and papers. Ingeneral, the use of dqis will allow FundingOrganizations to obtain statistics of thescientific and social use of the data andresults from their funded research.

ClimaDat sites as meeting points for Research, Development and Innovation.The ClimaDat sites were designed for being a sheltered place and for holding a variety of research instruments (greenhouse gases analysis, soil measurements, energyand carbon flux and budgets, atmospheric vertical structure by ceilometers, aircraft campaigns, etc) following the concept of Long Term Ecological Research. This fullequipped observatories design also makes them a powerful place to test instruments and to compare their fitness and reliability under very extreme environmental

If you want to deploy your instruments at the sites, please contact:          If you want to deploy your instruments at the sites, please contact:          Xavier Rodó – Climatic processes: xavier.rodo@ic3.cat //  Josep‐Anton Morguí – Biogeochemical processes: jamorgui@ic3.catRoger Curcoll – Instrumentation: rcurcoll@ic3.cat //  Jan Polcher – Modeling and hydrology: jpolcher@ic3.cat //  Rosa Arias – Operational coordination: rarias@ic3.cat

conditions and their capacity for remote use. ClimaDat sites are offering a collaborative logistic and technical support for interested research groups, always with an opendata policy, a dynamic interface and a strong involvement of local-users and society.