PLAGUE IN MONGOLIA

G.BOLORMAA (PhD)

NCIDNF MONGOLIA

History

� Russian scientists noted that there were occurred human cases and pandemic of plague in Mongolia since 1897./Yu.D.Talko-Grintsevich, F.F.Skrishvanand et all/

� In 1911 at first time were isolated plague agent and determined the natural foci.

� Since 1924 organized the measures for prevention and fight of plague by government.

� Since 1931 The Ministry of Health established professional organization for aims to investigate of plague.

Natural foci

� Since 1928 began surveillance of the plague

natural foci

� In territory of Mongolia occurred a majority

of Central Asian natural foci of plague.

� About 28.3% or 1.564.000 km2 of all territory

were independent active foci .

Distribution of natural foci

� Since 1928 until were investigated the active surveillance (average a year) 4000 ha

� Detected about 4000 agents of plague and determined the situation of natural foci. And processing the trend and prognosis of natural foci.

� High active of plague at western region of Mongolia

High active / 47,1%/

Active

low active

In the territory of 132

soums of 17 aimaks

exist plague natural

foci, 28,3% of whole

territory size.

Main host siberian marmot (M.sibirica),

Main vector marmot’s fleas (O.silantiewi)

� Since 1928, there were registered 520 human

plague cases in Mongolia.

� During last 20 years there were registered

145 cases and 40% of them were fatal.

Epidemiology

Epidemiology

Human plague cases from 1987 to 2007

During last 20 years there were registered 145 cases in 55 soums of 13 aimaks and

40% of them were fatal.

Epidemiology

Patient’s age and sex ratio

ýì34%

ýð66%

Epidemiology

men women

66.2% of patents were

infected from

marmots, 22.7%-

from infected people

and 11% - from fleas Òàðâàãà66%

Õ¿í23%

Á¿¿ðýã11%

Epidemiology

Seasonality

0 0 0 0 0 18.7575

468.75525

112.5

0 00

100

200

300

400

500

600

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12-10.0

10.0

30.0

50.0

Óëèðëû í èí äåêñ Õóâü

Peak period

of human

infection

August and

September

Epidemiology

� Sources of infection:

Rodents /marmot/

Ectoparasit/flea/

� Ways of infection

Contact (direct)

Transmissive

Aerosol

� Season: From May – to October

� Age: young people

� Clinical features: Bubonic, pneumonic, septic form

Agents of plague

� Agents: Y.pestis pestisY.pestis altaicаY.pestis ulegeica had sub species.

� High virulent� Features of genotypes:

Main (6МД,45МД,62МД), Addition (6МД,15МД,45МД,62МД)Peculiarity (8MD,45MDД,62MDД) consists

above plasmids.

MD-mega Dalton

Conclusion

� In 28,3% of territory of Mongolia endemically

exists natural plague foci and 47.1 % of them is

high active.

� Human plague cases have been registered in

Mongolia every year, the fatality is high for 5-6

times than world level.

� Plague strains circulated in natural foci of

Mongolia is high virulent.

� Due to Mongolian tradition to hunt marmots and to use

marmot’s fur and meat, the risk of human infection is

very high.

� 89.9 % of total human plague cases, which were

registered during 1971-2000, were first bubonic

form, 4.2 % - were pneumonic form, 5.9 % -

septic form and 42.5 % of first bubonic form

were turned into pneumonic, bubonic and

intestinal forms.

In further

� To increase using GIS technology in plague

study

� To introduce telemedicine technology in

plague early warning and response activity in

Mongolia

Thank you