Pigeonpea in News “”Hybrid pigeonpea technology

achieves record yield”” • THE TIMES OF INDIA, 31 January, 2014

• Link for this Pigeonpea Article

• http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Hybrid-pigeonpea-technology-achieves-record-yield/articleshow/29558633.cms

FOUR DECADES

OF

PIGEONPEA BREEDING

RESEARCH

AT

ICRISAT

PP Vision as in 1974 • Enhance productivity and stability

• Bring global pp scientists together

• Develop scientific knowledge

of crop and cropping systems

• Identify implementation pathways

Special traits of pigeonpea

• Perennially

• Photo-sensitivity

• Partial out-crossing

• Wide maturity range

• Drought tolerance

• Fixes N, releases P, adds OM, recycles nutrients

Objectives set in 1974

• Characterize germplasm

• Breed pure line varieties- 28 x 28 diallel

• Explore hybrid tech. (gene action, cross pollination, hybrid vigor)

• Encounter biotic/abiotic stresses

• Develop global human resource

Accomplishments

• Germplasm characterized

• Scientific information generated

• Varieties released

• GMS hybrid breeding started

• Core inter- disciplinary research established

• Cleistogamous (O/C <1%) and

• Hi protein (32%) lines developed

Varieties released Champion varieties • Early : ICPL 88039 (YSC)

• Medium : Asha, Maruti,

• Long : ICP 7035

and many more in different countries

The Breakthrough

ICPH 8 The World’s First

Pigeonpea Hybrid Released

by ICAR & ICRISAT

in 1992

Information generated • Phenology changes with planting date

• Curvi-linear relationship - seed size and yield

• High G x E ….. {{strange obs V (F2) = V (P)}}

• Yield controlled by additive & non-additive genes

• Sink is limited; ratooning can be used

• Double cropping for more productivity

• GMS hybrids cannot be commercialized

• Out-crossing is enough for hybrid breeding

• Heterosis for yield is high

1996: The year of problems

• 80% staff removed

• No funding

PIGEONPEA

DROPPED

from

ICRISAT

MANDATE

1996: Also, year of a LUCKY BREAK • In one back-cross progeny, all the 11 plants (100%) were MS

• “Oh ! ……… , it is a CMS” Late (Dr) D. E Byth (Former DDG-R)

• A history was created – the first CMS in PP

was developed • PP retained in the mandate, but no funds

1996: Also, year of a LUCKY BREAK

• MAHYCO gave $ 8000

• The first ever PS funding in CG system ; and since then pigeonpea group never looked back

Phase II : Breeding CMS hybrids

• A4 CMS stabilized in 2005

• CMS transferred to diverse parents

• Experimental hybrids tested

• Seed technology developed

• Technology transferred to NARS

Hybrid Variety

At 60 d

Hybrid Advantages

More vigour and yield

44% greater shoot mass,

low seeding rates

40-50% more root mass,

drought tolerance

Good for pure crop,

inter-crop, low-input,

and high- input

environments.

ICPH 2671- Released in

Madhya Pradesh

ICPH 2740- Released in

Andhra Pradesh

ICPH 3762, 3310, etc.

Ready for release

THE BROWN GOLD

State Distt Farmers Mean yield

(kg/ ha)

Hybrid Check

%

Gain

Maha 7 782 969 717 35.1

A. P. 8 399 1411 907 55.6

Karnataka 4 184 1201 951 26.3

Jharkhand 9 288 1460 864 68.9

M. P. 10 360 1940 1326 46.3

Total 38 2013 1396 953 46.5

ICPH 2671 OFTs (2007-10)

Bumper crop of ICPH 2671

The first demo of HY in A.P.

10400 kg

from 3ha

@ 3467

kg/ha

Akola

Osmanabad

Osmanabad

Ranchi (OFT) Yld. Ad. = 69%)

ICPH 2671

Bahar - Ck

Location ICPH 2671*** Asha (C)

Jabalpur 2310* 1690

Narsinhpur 1950* 1500

Rewa 2870* 1660

Seoni 1525 1487

Raisen 2600* 1400

Harda 1165 1050

Panna 1160* 500

Mean 1940*** 1326

% Gain 46% -

Yield of ICPH 2671 in OFTs in MP

THE WORLD’S FIRST COMMERCIAL PIGEONPEA HYBRID

RELEASED IN

MADHYA PRADESH

by Dr Ashok Tikle & Dr Mukesh Saxena

in collaboration with ICRISAT

ICPH 2671

ICPH 2740

THE SECOND PIGEONPEA

HYBRID

RELEASED in

ANDHRA PRADESH in 2012

Distt No. of

farmers

Yield

hybrid

Yield

control Gain

%

Khammam 7 2084 1499 40

Medak 3 2375 1750 36

Rangareddy 10 2614 1852 42

Mahaboobnager 4 1513 1115 37

Prakasham 8 2375 1752 36

Cuddapa 10 1470 1036 41

Anantapur 5 1565 1072 46

Total/Mean 47 1999 1439 39

Yield (kg/ha) of ICPH 2740 in …. A P

State Hybrid Asha(C) %Gain

M. P. 1646 1194 37.9

Maha. 1643 1224 34.2

A. P.. 1063 650 63.5

Mean 1451 1023 41.8

Yield of ICPH 2740 in OFTs’

Hybrid Seed Production Hybrid Seed Production

Seed

Production & its

Quality the backbone

of any hybrid program

Hybrid Seed Prodn 4F:1M

A A A A R R

Insect-aided pod set on MS plants

Location Area (ha)

Production (kg)

Yield (kg ha-1)

Jabalpur 1.5 2000 1333 Indore 0.15 340 2267 Rewa 1.0 1740 1740 Katni 3.0 4350 1450 Seoni** 1.0 2500 2500 Tikmgrh**…. 5.0……… 15200…… 3040

Mean 11.65 26130 2242 *****

MP-The best state for seed prdn.

1 ha seed prodn is enough for 400 ha comm crop @

5 kg/ha seed rate [ 1: 400]

Obcordate

Normal

Leaf marker for quality seed prodn

Female Male & Hybrid

Use of SSR Markers

• Use of genomics in PPB is essential

• Can help in breeding specific traits

• Cannot solve all the issues

• Cannot help in breeding for adaptation

• Rationalization with respect to

---- selection of traits,

---- their role is essential

Genomics in PP Breeding

ICPH 2740 in Andhra Pradesh

ICPH 2740 jungle, Maharashtra

Can we achieve 100,000 ha in 2014 ?

Now, Dear Sameer, RV Kumar, Myer & Anupama

THE BATON is in your hands

– GET IT, FOR ME

Now, The Million $ Q is

We need - POSITIVE Thinking

• Positive thinking at Mgmt level is essential

• Some teething problems will

appear and these can be addressed

• The platform be based on training,

partnerships, and science

Looking ahead (hybrids)…….. • Free technology transfer

• Expand area

• Our target

-100,000 ha in 2014

- Private and public seed

sector

- Farmers and NGOs

Now we are ready for this

Looking ahead (hybrids)…….. • Expand 33% PP area in 5 years

• Breed new parents with market-

oriented traits

• Develop env- specific hybrids

• Breed hybrids for both low and

high inputs

• Target 7- tonner hybrids

• Improve seed technology

• Introduce hybrids in Africa

• Develop HETEROTIC GROUPS

• Breed improved inbreds thru intra-group mating

• Select lines with high GCA, SCA

• Make inter-group crosses for high yielding hybrids

• Accumulate favorable alleles thru Nested Assn Mapping , MAGIC, etc.

Breed New Gen (7-ton) Hybrids

Looking ahead (Other areas)

• Breed HY super early (85 d) var.

• Intensify research on water- logging

• Promote ICPL 88039 in new niches

• Incorporate cleisto trait in pop. var.

• Continue promoting PP in Odisha

• Strengthen seed system

• Strengthen links with ESA

• Priority for publication

Yes,

we will do it. See you at

2, IC colony, Bowenpally, Sec.

For assistance

CALL :: 9866265258

Kb Saxena, Jan 31, 2014

My Departing

Gift

to Science A new CMS that can revolutionize

hybrid breeding