Post on 22-Feb-2016
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Physiology Exam 1 Study
chapters 1-5
2
The cytoplasm includes all material inside the cell membrane except for_____.
3
Nucleus
4
Which elements make up 90% of your body’s mass?
5
CarbonHydrogenOxygen
6
The alpha helix and pleated sheets are examples of ____ structure proteins.
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Secondary
8
A sequence of amino acids are examples of ____ structure proteins.
9
Primary
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Fibrous proteins (Collagen) and Globular proteins (Hemoglobin) are examples of ____ structure proteins.
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Quaternary structure
12
A 5M solution of 0.100 mL glucose contains how many grams of glucose? (m.w. of glucose is 180g)
13
M = #mols of solute L of solution 90g glucose
14
Name the six nonmembraneous organelles
15
CiliaCentriolesMicrovilliCytoskeletonFlagellaRibosomes
16
How many primary tissue types are in the human body?
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Four
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What are the primary tissue types in the body?
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EpithelialConnectiveMuscleNeural
20
Plasma is to blood as ____ is to cytoplasm.
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Cytosol
22
Clathrin and Caveolae are used in which process by the cell to bring molecules in to the cytoplasm?
23
Endocytosis
24
How does potocytosis differ from endocytosis?
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Potocytosis uses caveolae rather than clathrin coated pits to bring molecules into the cell.
26
What happens to macromolecules that are too large to enter or leave cells through protein channels or carriers?
27
Cells use two basic mechanisms to import large molecules and particles: phogocytosis and endocytosis.
28
In osmosis water always moves towards the ___ solution, that is the solution with the ___ concentration of solute.
29
Hypertonic,Higher
30
During osmosis, what happens to water once all concentrations are equal?
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Net movement of water stops.
32
What are the units of osmotic pressure?
33
atmospheres (atm) or millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
34
If a cell is place in solution A and it swells, solution A is ____.
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Hypotonic
36
If a cell is place in solution B and it shrinks, solution B is ____.
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Hypertonic
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If a cell is place in solution C and it doesn’t change size, solution C is ____.
39
Isotonic
40
The framework of cilia, flagella, centriole, and mitotic spindle is formed by ____.
41
Microtubels
42
What cellular specialization causes fluid to flow over the epithelial surface?
43
Cilia
44
What is the main component of cytosol?
45
Water
46
What layer of skin protects from bacterial, chemical, and mechanical injuries?
47
Epidermis
48
What layer of skin contains adipose tissue?
49
Hypodermis
50
What is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane with the aid of a membrane protein?
51
Facilitated diffusion
52
Where are receptors molecules for chemical signaling located?
53
Cell MembraneCytoplasmNucleus
54
What is a bond in which atoms are completely lost or gained during bonding?
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Ionic Bond
56
What is a molecule whose shared electrons are distributed so evenly that there are no regions of partial charge?
57
Non-polar molecules
58
What is an antioxidant?
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A molecule that alters free radicals
60
What would we expect from a cell with an extensive Golgi Apparatus?
61
Secretion of a lot of material
62
What would we expect from a cell with a large number of Mitochondria?
63
Production of large amounts of energy (ATP).
64
You conduct a study on 20 18 year olds (subjects) to see how intensity of exercise influence heart rate. What is the dependent variable?
65
Heart rate
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You conduct a study on 20 18 year olds (subjects) to see how intensity of exercise influence heart rate. What is the independent variable?
67
Intensity of exercise
68
What is a bond that results when two atoms share a pair of electrons, one from each atom?
69
Covalent bond
70
Of the following bonds; hydrogen, covalent, and Van der Waals Forces, which bond usually requires input of energy to be broken?
71
Covalent bonds
72
The cells of any tissue are held together by specialized connections called_____.
73
Cell Junctions
74
_____ junctions create cytoplasmic communication bridges between adjoining cells so that chemical and electrical signaling pass rapidly from one cell to the next.
75
Gap Junctions
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What cell junction are occluding.
77
Tight junctions
78
Which type of junctions create what is called the blood-brain barrier?
79
Tight junctions
80
Which type use Cadherin proteins?
81
Desmosomes(anchoring junctions)
82
Which type of junctions Connexin proteins?
83
Gap junctions
84
What is protein specificity?
85
The ability of a protein to bind to a specific ligand or group of closely related molecules.
86
True or False? One function of a membrane protein is to produce energy.
87
False
88
Cytoplasmic protein fibers come in three sizes. Which is the largest?
89
Microtubles
90
Cytoplasmic protein come in three sizes. Which is the smallest?
91
Micro filaments
92
Cytoplasmic protein come in three sizes. Which is the mid-size?
93
Intermediatefilaments
94
What is a molecule that binds to another molecule?
95
Ligand
96
What is a ligand that binds to enzymes and membrane transporters.
97
Substrates
98
The internal skeleton of a cell is composed of what?
99
Micro filamentsMicrotubelsIntermidiate filaments
100
How do proteins and other substances get from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi Apparatus?
101
Vesicles
102
In the cell what are the sacs that digest things called?
103
Lysosomes
104
Where in the cell are lipids manufactured?
105
Smooth ER
106
What is a major difference of active transport and facilitated diffusion?
107
Facilitated diffusion does not require ATP
108
True of False? One function of the cytoskeleton is to maintain a critical size limit on the cell.
109
False
110
What is it called when a group of carrier proteins operate at its maximum rate?
111
Saturation
112
Name the two ways the selectivity of a channel is determined.
113
Diameter of its central pore
Electrical Charge of the amino acids that line the channel
114
This type of channel spends most of its time in a closed state?
115
Gated channels
116
This type of channel allows ions to move back and forth across the membrane without regulation and is sometimes called “leak channels or pores?”
117
Open Channels