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Proposed Teaching Scheme for Year 9
Topics SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
SECTION 1 - GENERAL PHYSICS
1. PHYSICAL
QUANTITIESAND UNITS
MEASUREMENT
TECHNIQUES
Describe how to measure a variety of
lengths with appropriate accuracyusing tapes, rules, micrometers and
calipers using a verneir.
Practical activity:-
All appropriatesinstruments for measuring
mass, length, time andvolume
http://www.phy.ntnu.e
du.tw/ntnujava/viewto pic.php?t=69
Describe how to measure a variety of time intervals using clocks and
stopwatches
Practical activity:- Usingstopwatch, pendulum
Describe how to measure mass and
weight by using appropriate balances
Lever balance & spring
balance
UNITS AND
SYMBOLS
Recognise and use conventions and
symbols contained in 'signs, Symbolsand Systematics.' associations for
Science Education, 1995
Citation of examples
2. KINEMATICS
SPEED,
VELOCITY ANDACCELERATION
State what is meant by speed and velocity.
Practical activity:- Ticker
timer, ticker tape, trolleysand inclined plane
Calculate average speed using distance
travelled / time taken.
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State what is meant by uniform
acceleration
http:www.walterfendt.
de/ph14e/
Calculate the value of acceleration
using change in velocity / time-taken
Calculate the value of accelerationusing change in velocity / time-taken.
GRAPHICALANALYSIS OF
MOTION
Plot and interpret a speed-time graph Graph plotting
Recognise shape of a speed-time graphwhen body is
1. at rest
2. moving with uniform speed and
3. moving with uniform acceleration
4. moving with non-uniformacceleration
Calculate the area under speed-timegraph to determine the distance
travelled for motion with uniformspeed or uniform acceleration
Problem solving
FREE FALL State that the acceleration of free-fall
for a body near to the earth is constant
and is approximately 10 m/s2.
Graph sketches
describe qualitatively the motion of bodies with constant weight falling
with and without air resistance(including reference to terminal
velocity)
3. DYNAMICS
BALANCED AND State Newton's third law Citation of examples
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UNBALANCED
FORCES
describe the effect of balanced and
unbalanced forces on a body
Do calculations using the equation
Force = mass ´ acceleration
Problem solving
FRICTION Explain the effects of friction on the
motion of the body.
Citation of examples
*Discuss the effect of friction on the
motion of a vehicle in the context of tyre surface, road conditions (including
skidding), braking force, braking
distance and stopping distance)
Slide presentation
CIRCULAR
MOTION
Describe qualitatively motion in a
circular path due to a constant perpendicular force, including
electrostatic forces on an electron in an
atom and gravitational forces on asatellite, (F = mv2/r is not required)
Discuss how ideas of circular motionare related to the motion of planets in
the solar system
4. MASS, WEIGHT & DENSITY
MASS & WEIGHT State that mass is a measure of theamount of substance in a body
Demonstration
State that mass of a body resists
change from its state of rest or motion
State that a gravitational field is aregion in which mass experience a
force due to gravitational attraction
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Calculate weight from the equation:
weight = mass ́ gravitational fieldstrength
Problem solving
Explain that two weights, and thereforemasses, can be compared using a
balance
Beam balance
DENSITY Describe how to use a measuring
cylinder to measure the volume of solid
or liquid
Measuring cylinder
Describe experiments to determine the
density of a liquid, of a regularlyshaped solid, of an irregularly shaped
solid which sinks in water (method of displacement)
Practical activity
-Plasticine, thread,measuring cylinder,
eureka can, vernier calipers
Make calculations using formula:density = mass/ volume
Problem solving
SCALARS ANDVECTORS
Define the terms scalar and vector
List the vectors and scalars fromdistance, displacement, length, speed,
velocity, time, acceleration, mass andforce
Citation of examples
Determine the resultant of two vectors
by a graphical method
construction
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5. TURNING EFFECT OF FORCES
MOMENTS Describe the moment of a force in
terms of its turning effect and give
everyday examples
Demonstration:
Balancing a lever,
weights, wedge, metrerule
State the principle of moments for a
body in equilibrium
Make calculations using: Problem solving
1. Moment of a force = force ´ perpendicular distance from the pivot
2. the principles of moments
perform and describe experiment to
verify principle of moments
Practical Activity - Meter
rule, pin, weights, string,stand, clamp, boss
Describe how to determine the position
of the centre of mass of a plane lamina
Practical activity: Thick
uniform card, plumbline,stand, clamp, boss
Describe qualitatively the effect of the
position of the centre of mass on thestability of simple objects
Citation of examples
6. DEFORMATION
ELASTICDEFORMATION
state that a force may produce a changein size and shape of a body
Practical Activity:-Plasticene, spring slotted
weight
plot, draw and interpret extension-loadgraphs for elastic solids and describe the
associated experimental procedure
Graph work
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Recognise the significance of the term
'Limit of proportionality' for an elasticsolid
Calculate extensions for an elastic solidusing proportionality
Problem solving
7. PRESSURE
PRESSURE Define the term pressure in terms of force and area, and do calculations
using the equation: pressure = force ´
area
Problem solving
Explain how pressure varies with forceand area in the context of everyday
examples.
Citation of examples
Describe how the height of a liquid
column may be used to measure theatmospheric pressure
Barometer
PRESSURE
CHANGES
Explain quantitatively how the
pressure beneath a liquid surfaceschanges with depth and density of the
liquid in appropriate examples
Citation of examples and
problem solving
Describe the use of a manometer in the
measurement of pressure difference
Manometer
Describe and explain the transmissionof pressure in hydraulic systems with
particular reference to the hydraulic
press and hydraulic brakes on vehicles
Hydraulic model, citationof examples, problem
solving
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Describe how a change in volume of a
fixed mass of gas at constanttemperature is caused by a change in
pressure applied to the gas
Citation of examples
Do calculations using p1v1 = p2v2 Problem solving
8. ENERGY, WORK & POWER
ENERGY
CONVERSIONAND
CONSERVATION
List the different forms of energy with
examples in which each forms occurs
Citation of simple
examples
state the principle of the conservation
of energy and apply this principle tothe conversion of energy from one
form to another
Application of examples
State that kinetic energy Ek = 1/2 mv2
and that potential energy Ep = mgh
and use these equations in calculations
Problem solving
MAJOR SOURCES
OF ENERGY
List renewable and non-renewable
energy sources
Citation of simple
examples
Describe quantitively the processes of
the following sources of energy beingconverted from one form to another:
Group Presentation
(project)
1. chemical/fuel energy (a regrouping
of atoms)
2. hydroelectric generation
(emphasising the mechanical energiesinvolved)
3. Solar energy (nuclei of atoms in theSun)
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4. nuclear energy
5. geothermal energy
6. wind energyExplain nuclear fusion and fission in
terms of energy releasing processes
Do calculations using the mass-energyequation E = mc2
Problem solving
Descibe the process of electricity
generation and draw a block diagramof the process from the fuel input to
electricity output
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DRAWING
Descibe the environmental issuesassociated with power generation
Class Project
WORK Calculate workdone from the formulawork = force ´ distance moved in the
line of action of the force
Problem solving
EFFICIENCY Calculate the efficiency of the energyconversion using the formula: Energy
= energy converted to the required
form / total energy output
Problem solving
Discuss the efficiency of energyconversions in common use,
particularly those giving electrical
output
citation of examples
Discuss the usefulness of the energy
output from a number of energyconversions
citation of examples
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POWER calculate power from the formula:power = workdone / time taken
Problem solving
9. TRANSFER OF THERMAL ENERGYCONDUCTION Describe experiments on how to
distinguish between good and bad
conductors of heat
Demonstration:Conduction kits
Describe in molecular terms how heattransfer occurs in solids
CONVECTION Describe convection in fluids in termsof density changes
Demonstration:Convection kits
RADIATION Describe the process of heat transfer
by radiation.
Demonstration:
Radiation Kits
Describe how to distinguish between
good and bad emitters and good and bad absorbers on infra-red radiation
TOTAL TRANSFER Describe how heat is transferred to or from a buildings and to or from a room
citation of examples
State and explain the use of the
important practical methods of heat
insulation for buildings.
10. TEMPERATURE
9.1 PRINCIPLES OFTHERMOMETRY
Explain how a physical propertywhich vary with temperature being
used for the measurement of temperature and state examples of
such properties
Thermometer model
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Explain the need for fixed points and
state what is meant by the ice-pointand steam point
Discuss sensitivity, range and linearityof thermometers
describe how a given property is used
to measure temperature
LIQUID-IN-GLASS
THERMOMETER
Describe the structure and action of
liquid-in-glass thermometers(including clinical) and of a
thermocouple thermometer, showingan appreciation of its use for
measuring high temperatures and
those which vary rapidly.
Laboratory and clinical
thermometer, andthermocouple
11. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
SPECIFIC HEAT
CAPACITY
Describe a rise in temperature of a
body in terms of an increase in itsinternal energy (random thermal
energy)
Slide presentation
Describe the terms heat capacity and
specific heat capacity
calculate heat transferred using the
formula thermal energy = mass xspecific heat capacity x change in
temperature
Problem solving
Describe melting / solidification and
boiling / condensation in terms of energy transfer without the change in
temperature.
Slide presentation
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MELTING AND
BOILING
state the meaning of melting point and
boiling point
BOILING AND
EVAPORATION
Explain the difference between
boiling and evaporation
SPECIFIC LATENTHEAT
define the terms latent heat andspecific latent heat
Explain latent heat in terms of
molecular behaviour
calculate heat transferred in the change
of state using the formula thermal
energy = mass x specific latent heat
Problem solving
THERMALEXPANSION OF
SOLIDS, LIQUIDSAND GASES
Describe qualitatively the thermalexpansion of solids, liquids and gases
Slide presentation
describe the relative order of magnitude of the expansion of solids,
liquids and gases
Identify and explain some of the
everday applications andconsequences of thermal expansion
Citation of examples
Describe qualitatively the effect of a
change of temperature on the volumeof gas at constant pressure.
Graph work
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12. KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER
STATES OFMATTER
State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases
Slide presentation anddemonstration
MOLECULAR
MODEL
Describe qualitatively the molecular
structure of solids, liquids and gases,relating their properties to the forces and
distances between molecules and to themotion of molecules
Describe the relationship between the
motion of the molecules andtemperature.
Explain the pressure of a gas in termsof the motion of its molecules
EVAPORATION describe evaporation in terms of theescape of more energetic molecules
from the surface of a liquid
describe how temperature, surface areaand draught over a surface influence
evaporation
explain that evaporation causes cooling
13. GENERAL WAVE PROPERTIES
DESCRIBING
WAVE MOTION
Describe what is meant by wave
motion as illustrated by vibration in
ropes, springs and by experimentsusing a ripple tank
Slinky spring, ripple tank
WAVE TERMS state what is meant by the term Slide Presentation
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wavefront
Define the terms speed, frequency,wavelength and amplitude and do
calculation using c = f ´ l
Wave drawing & problem solving
WAVE
BEHAVIOUR
Describe longitudinal and tranverse
waves in such a way as to illustrate the
differences between them
Slinky spring, ripple tank
describe the use of a ripple tank toshow
1. reflection at a plane surface
2. refraction due to a change in speed
at constant frequency
describe simple experiments to showthe reflection and refraction of sound
waves
Signal generator,Microphone, tube,
C.R.O., balloon filled
with carbon dioxide gas
14. LIGHT
REFLECTION OF
LIGHT
Define the terms used in reflection
including normal, angle of incidenceand angle of reflection
Practical activity: Ray-
box, plane mirror, Optical pins, Constructions, angle
measurement & Problemsolving
Describe an experiment to illustrate the
laws of reflection
Describe an experiment to find the
position and characteristics of anoptical image formed by a plane mirror
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state that for reflection, the angle of
incidence is equal to the angle of reflection and use this in constructions,
measurements and calculations
REFRACTION OFLIGHT
Define the terms used in refractionincluding angle of incidence, angle of
refraction and refractive index
Practical Activity: Ray- box, glass blocks, Light
ray construction, drawing
paper
Describe experiments to show
refraction of light through glass blocks
Use equation sin i / sin r = n (refractive
index)
Problem solving
Define the terms critical angle and
total internal reflection
Semicircular glass block,
ray box
Describe experiments to show totalinternal reflection
Describe the use of optical fibres in
telecommunications and state the
advantanges of their use.
THINCONVERGING
LENS
Describe the action of a thinconverging lens on a beam of light
Practical Activity:Convex and concave
lenses, ray box
Define the term focal length*Draw ray diagrams to illustrate theformation of real and virtual images of
an object by lens
construction
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Define the terms linear magnification
and *draw scale diagrams to determinethe focal length needed for particular
values of magnification (converginglens only)
construction
Describe the use of a single lens as a
magnifying glass and in a camera, projector and photographic enlarger
and draw ray diagrams to show howeach forms an image
construction
Draw ray-diagrams to show formation
of images in the normal eye, a short-sighted eye and a long-sighted eye
Ray diagram construction
Describe the correction of short-
sighted and long sighted
15. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
DISPERSION OFLIGHT
Describe the dispersion of light asillustrated by the action on light of a
glass prism
white light source, glass prism
state the colours of the spectrum and
explain how the colours are related tofrequency or wavelength
13.1 PROPERTIESOF
ELECTROMAGNE
TIC WAVES
State that all electromagnetic wavesare transverse waves that travel with
the same high speed in vacuo and state
the magnitude of this speed.
Slide Presentation:Identification of
components in E.M.
spectrum
Describe the main components of theelectromagnetic spectrum
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APPICATIONS OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
Discuss the role of the following
components in the stated appications
1. Radiowaves - radio and television
communication
2 . Microwaves - satellite televisionand telephone
3. Infra-red - household electricalappliance, television controllers and
intruder alarms
4. Light - optical fibres in medical uses
and telephone
5. Ultra-violet - sunbeds, flourescent
tubes and sterilisation
6. X-rays - hospital use and
engineering applications
7. Gamma rays and their use inmedical treatment
16. SOUND WAVES
SOUND WAVES Describe the production of sound by
vibrating sources
Metre rule, tuning fork
describe the longitudinal nature of
sound waves and describecompression and rarefraction
Slinky spring
State the approximate range of audiblefrequencies
Explain why a medium is required in
order to transmit sound waves and
describe an experiment to demonstratethis
Bell Jar experiment
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SPEED OF SOUND Describe a direct method for
determination of the speed of sound inair and make necessary calculation
Problem solving
State the order of magnitude of the
speeds of sound in air, liquids andsolids
Slide Presentation
Explain how the loudness and pitch of sound waves relate to amplitude and
frequency
describe how the reflection of sound
may produced an echo
Describe the factors which influence
the quality (timbre) of sound wavesand how these factors may be
demonstrated by using CRO
ULTRASOUND Define ultra sound
describe the uses of ultra sound in
cleaning, quality control and prenatalscreening
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PROPOSED TEACHING SCHEME FOR PHYSICS (5054) YEAR 10
TOPICS SUB-TOPICS OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
TOPIC 16 - SOUND
Sound waves
Describe the production of soundby vibrating sources.
Metre rule, tuning fork
Describe the longitudinal nature of sound waves and describecompression and rarefaction.
Slinky spring
State the approximate range of audible frequencies.
Explain why a medium is requiredin order to transmit sound wavesand describe an experiment todemonstrate this.
Bell Jar experiment
Speed of sound Describe a direct method for thedetermination of the speed of sound in air and make thenecessary calculation.
Problem solving
State the order of magnitude of thespeeds of sound in air, liquids andsolids.
IT Presentation
Explain how the loudness and pitchof sound waves relate to amplitudeand frequency.
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Describe how the reflection of sound may produce an echo.
Describe the factors which
influence the quality (timbre) of sound waves and how thesefactors may be demonstrated usinga CRO.
Ultrasound
Define ultra sound.
Describe the uses of ultra sound incleaning, quality control and pre-natalscanning.
SECTION V ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
TOPIC 17: MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
LAWS OFMAGNETISM
State the properties of magnetPermanent magnets
Describe induced magnetism
MAGNETICPROPERTIES OF
MATTER
State the differences betweenmagnetic, non-magnetic andmagnetised materials
D.C power supply, ironbar, permanentmagnets, compass
Describe electrical methods of magnetisation anddemagnetisation
Describe the plotting of magnetic
filed lines with a compass
State the differences between theproperties of temporary magnets(e.g. iron) and permanent magnet(e.g. steel)
Describe uses of permanentmagnets and electromagnets
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Explain the choice of material for,and use of, magnetic screening
Decribe the use of magnetic
materials in audio/video tapes
ELECTROMAGNETISM
Describe the pattern of themagnetic field due to the currentsin straight wires and in solenoidsand state the effect on themagnetic field of changing themagnitude and direction of thecurrent
Iron filings, long thickwire, solenoid
Describe applications of themagnetic effect of a current in
relays, circuit-breakers andloudspeakers
Relay, circuit-breaker,
loudspeaker
TOPIC 18: STATIC ELECTRICITY
LAWS OF
ELECTROSTATICS
Describe experiments to showelectrostatic charging by friction.
Electrostatics Kit
Explain that charging of solidsinvolves a movement of electrons.
State that there are positive andnegative charges and that charge
is measured in coulombs.
State that unlike charges attractand like charges repel.
Principles of electrostatics
Describe an electric field as aregion in which an electric chargeexperiences a force.
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State the direction of lines of forceand describe simple field patterns.
Describe the separation of chargesby induction.
Discuss the differences betweenelectrical conductors andinsulators and state examples of each.
Citation of examples
Applications of electrostatics
state what is meant by "earthing" acharged object.
Describe examples where
charging could be a problem e.g.lightning Citation of examples
Describe examples wherecharging is helpful e.g'sphotocopier and electrostaticprecipitator.
Citation of examples
TOPIC 19: CURRENT ELECTRICITY
Current State that a current is a flow of charge and that current ismeasured in amperes.
Do calculations using the equationcharge = current x time.
Problem solving
Describe the use of an ammeter with different ranges.
ammeter,milliammeter,multimeter
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Electromotive force
Explain that electromotive force(e.m.f.) is measured by the energydissipated by a source in driving a
unit charge around a completecircuit.
State that e.m.f. is workdone/charge.
Problem solving
Electromotive force
State that the volt is given by J/C. Problem solving
Calculate the total e.m.f. whereseveral sources are arranged in
series and discuss how this isused in the design of batteries.
Discuss the advantage of making abattery from several equal voltagesources of e.m.f. arranged inparallel.
Potential difference State that the potential differenceacross a circuit component ismeasured in volts.
state that the p.d. across a
component in a circuit is given bythe work done in thecomponent/charge passed throughthe component
(k) describe the use of a voltmeter with different ranges.
Voltmeter, multimeter
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Resistance
State that resistance =p.d./current and use the equationresistance = voltage/current in
calculations.
Problem solving
Describe an experiment tomeasure the resistance of ametallic conductor using avoltmeter and an ammeter andmake the necessary calculations.
Voltmeter, leads,ammeter, variableresistors, battery &Problem solving
Discuss the temperature limitationon Ohm's Law.
*use quantitatively the
proportionality between resistanceand the length and thecrosssectional area of a wire.
I.T. Presentation
Calculate the net effect of anumber of resistors in series and inparallel.
Problem solving
Resistance
Describe the effect of temperatureincrease on the resistance of aresistor and a filament lamp anddraw the respective sketch graphs
of current/voltage.
Graph work
Describe the operation of a light-dependent resistor.
Light dependengresistor
TOPIC 20: D.C. CIRCUITS
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Current and
potential differencein circuits
*Draw circuit diagrams with power sources (cell, battery or a.c.mains), switches (closed and
open), resistors (fixed andvariable), light dependent resistors,lamps, ammeters, voltmeters,magnetising coils, bells, fuses,relays, light-emitting diodes and
IT Presentation
Series and parallelcircuits
State that the current at everypoint in a series circuit is the same,and use this in calculations.
Problem solving
Difference across the whole circuit
and use this in calculations.
State that the current from thesource is the sum of the currents inthe separate branches of a parallelcircuit.
Do calculations on the wholecircuit, recalling and usingformulae including R = V/I and of aparallel circuit.
TOPIC 21: PRACTICAL ELECTRICITY
Uses of electricity Describe the use of electricity inheating, lighting and motors.
Citation of examples
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Do calculations using theequations power = voltage xcurrent, and energy = voltage x
current x time.
Problem solving
Calculate the cost of usingelectrical appliances where theenergy unit is the kWh.
Dangers of electricity
State the hazards of damagedinsulation, overheating of cablesand damp conditions.
Citation of examples
Safe use of electricity in the
home
Explain the use of fuses and circuitbreakers and fuse ratings andcircuit breaker settings.
Fuses, circuit breaker
Explain the need for earthing metalcases and for double insulation.
State the meaning of the termslive, neutral and earth.
Describe how to wire a mains plug. 3-pin plug
Explain why switches, fuses andcircuit breakers are wired into the
live conductor.
TOPIC 22: ELECTROMAGNETISM
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Force on a current-carrying conductor
Describe experiments to show theforce on a current-carryingconductor, and on a beam of
charged particles, in a magneticfield, including the effect of reversing (1) the current, (2) thedirection of the field.
d.c power supply,
insulated tong wire,major magnet
State the relative directions of force, field and current.
Force on a current-carrying conductor
Describe the field patternsbetween currents in parallelconductors and relate these to theforces which exist between theconductors (excluding the Earth'sfield).
Vertical parallel thickwire, low voltage
power supply
The d.c. motor
Explain how a current-carrying coilin a magnetic field experiences aturning effect and that the effect isincreased by increasing (1) thenumber of turns on the coil (2) thecurrent.
Discuss how this turning effect isused in the action of an electricmotor.
d.c. power supply, d.c.
motor
Describe the action of a split-ringcommutator in a two-pole, singlecoil motor and the effect of windingthe coil onto a soft-iron cylinder.
model of d.c. motor
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TOPIC 23: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
Principles of electromagnetic
induction
Describe an experiment which
shows that a changing magneticfield can induce an e.m.f. in acircuit.
Galvanometer,
permanent magnet andSolenoid
State the factors affecting themagnitude of the induced e.m.f.
State that the direction of a currentproduced by an induced e.m.f.opposes the change producing it(Lenz's Law) and describe how thislaw may be demonstrated.
The a.c. generator
Describe a simple form of a.c.generator (rotating coil or rotatingmagnet) and the use of slip ringswhere needed.
Dynamo
*Sketch a graph of voltage outputagainst time for a simple a.c.generator.
The transformer Describe the structure andprinciple of operation of a simple
iron-cored transformer.
transformer model
State the advantages of highvoltage transmission.
Discuss the environmental andcost implications of undergroundpower transmission compared to
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overhead lines.
24. Introductory Electronics
Thermionicemission
State that electrons are emitted bya hot metal filament.
Explain that to cause a continuousflow of emitted electrons requires(1) high positive potential and (2)very low gas pressure.
Describe the deflection of anelectron beam by electric fields
and magnetic fields.
State that the flow of electrons(electron current) is from negativeto positive and is in the oppositedirection to conventional current
Simple treatment of cathode-rayoscilloscope
Describe in outline the basicstructure and action of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (detailed circuitsare not required).
Demonstration of CRO
Describe the use of a cathode-rayoscilloscope to display waveformsand to measure p.d.'s and shortintervals of time (detailed circuitsare not required).
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Action and use of circuit components
Explain how the values of resistorsare chosen according to a colour code and why widely different
values are needed in differenttypes of circuit.
Discuss the need to choosecomponents with suitable power ratings.
Describe the action of thermistorsand light-dependent resistors andexplain their use as input sensors.
Demonstration of LDR
Describe the action of a variablepotential divider (potentiometer).
Demonstration of potentiometer
Describe the action of a capacitor as a charge store and explain itsuse in time delay circuits.
Demonstration of Capacitors, reedswitch and reed relay
Describe the action of a reedswitch and reed relay.
Explain the use of reed relays inswitching circuits.
Describe and explain circuits
operating as light-sensitiveswitches and temperatureoperated alarms (using a reedrelay or other circuits).
State the meaning of the termsprocessor, output device andfeedback.
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TOPIC 25: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS
Switching and logiccircuits
Describe the action of a bipolar npn transistor as an electricallyoperated switch and explain its usein switching circuits.
Handson Electronic
Logic Kit
*Electronic Systems areOptional topic
State in words and in truth tableform, the action of the followinglogic gates, AND, OR, NAND,NOR and NOT(inverter).
State the symbols for the logicgates listed above (American ANSIY 32.14 symbols will be used).
Bistable andastable circuits
Describe the use of a bistablecircuit.
Discuss the fact that bistablecircuits exhibit the property of memory.
Describe the use of an astablecircuit (pulse generator).
Describe how the frequency of anastable circuit is related to the
values of the resistive andcapacitative components.
SECTION VI ATOMIC PHYSICS
TOPIC 26. RADIOACTIVITY
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Detection of radioactivity
Describe the detection of alpha-particles, beta-particles andgamma-rays by appropriate
methods.
3 Radioactive
resources
Characteristics of the three types of
emission
State and explain the randomemission of radioactivity indirection and time.
State, for radioactive emissions,their nature, relative ionisingeffects and relative penetratingpowers.
IT Presentation
Describe the deflection of radioactive emissions in electric
fields and magnetic fields. Explain what is meant byradioactive decay.
Nuclear reactions
Explain the processes of fusionand fission.
Describe with the aid of a blockdiagram one type of fission reactor for use in a power station.
Discuss theories of star formationand their energy production byfusion.
Half-life Explain what is meant by the termhalf-life.
Make calculations based on half-life which might involve informationin tables or shown by decaycurves.
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Uses of radioactiveisotopes includingsafety precautions
Describe how radioactive materialsare handled, used and stored in asafe way.
Discuss the way in which the typeof radiation emitted and the half-life determine the use for thematerial.
Discuss the origins and effect of background radiation.
Discuss the dating of objects bythe use of 14C.
TOPIC 27: THE NUCLEAR ATOM
Atomic model
Describe the structure of the atomin terms of nucleus and electrons.
IT Presentation
Describe how the Geiger-Marsdenalpha-particle scatteringexperiment provides evidence for the nuclear atom.
Nucleus Describe the composition of thenucleus in terms of protons andneutrons.
Define the terms proton number (atomic number), Z and nucleonnumber (mass number), A.
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Explain the term nuclide and usethe nuclide notation A Z X toconstruct equations where
radioactive decay leads tochanges in the composition of thenucleus.
Define the term isotope.
Explain, using nuclide notation,how one element may have anumber of isotopes.
ANY QUERIES PLEASE REFER TO MOHD KHAIRUL AZMI BIN KASSIM – MAKTAB SAINS PADUKA SERIBEGAWAN SULTAN
E-mail address khairolazmi.kassim@msains.moe.edu.bn
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