AA phobia is defined as the unrelenting fear of a situation, activity, or thing that causes one to want to avoid it.

PPhobias afflict more than 6 million people in the United States.

WWomen tend to be twice as likely to suffer from a phobia compared to men.

TThe most common fears or phobias that people usually suffer from include:heights, darkness, snakes, insects, closed-in places, etc.

TThere are several types of phobias, including social, situational, animal, and specific phobias (fear of particular items or objects).

WWhile the list of phobias is almost endless, we'll take a look at some of the most common phobias on the next slides.

I. Acrophobia HeightsII. Algophobia Pains III. Astraphobia Thunderstorm,LightningIV. Claustrophobia Enclosed Places V. Hydrophobia WaterVI. Mysophobia Being AloneVII. Monophobia Contamination Or GermsVIII. Nyctophobia DarknessIX. Ochlophobia CrowdX. Pathophobia DiseaseXI. Pyrophobia FireXII. Zoophobia Animals Or Some Particular Animal

AAlso known as social anxiety disorder, social phobia is an excessive fear of embarrassment in social situations.

EExamples include fears of public speaking, meeting new people, and other social situations.

SSocial Phobia is a condition where the sufferer becomes anxious in environments that are unfamiliar or where he or she perceives that they have little control.

SSocial Phobia may arise by the fear of having a panic attack in a setting from which there is no easy means of escape.

General characteristics

FFear of being in social situations in which one will be embarrassed or humiliated.

AAgoraphobia is a fear of in a situation from which one either cannot escape or from which escaping would be difficult or humiliating.

AAlthough agoraphobia, like other mental disorders, it also tends to run in families and for some people, may have a clear genetic factor.

AAgoraphobia was traditionally thought to involve a fear of public places and open spaces. However, it is now believed that agoraphobia develops as a complication of panic attacks.

ZZoophobia may have one of two closely related meanings: a generic term for the class of specific phobia to particular Animals,or an irrational fear or even simply dislike of any non-human animals.

ZZoophobia is a term that encompasses fears of specific types of animals such as spiders (arachnophobia), snakes (ophidiophobia), birds (ornithophobia), bees (apiphobia), etc.

EErimophobial an abnormal fear of being by oneself. Also called eremiophobia, eremophobia, monophobia and autophobia.

AAutophobia involves not on the fear of being physically alone, but also a sense of being unable to trust oneself in any setting.

PPeople with this type of emotional condition are often unable to rest comfortably unless someone is relatively close.

IIt is common for many people to be afraid of dark because they think that there are monsters hiding under their beds and in their closets. These sorts of fears come about as a result of things that they don't yet quite understand and this lack of understanding can be manifested into fear of the unknown, such as being afraid of the dark.

TThis fear can easily develop into a phobia that is known as achluophobia.

People who suffer this will often suffer symptoms such as anxiety, nervousness, insomnia and/or sweating.

Claustrophobia is an abnormal and persistent fear of closed spaces, as in elevators, tunnels, or any other confined space.

CClaustrophobia is typically thought to have two key symptoms: fear of restriction and fear of suffocation.

IIt is typically classified as an anxiety disorder and often results in panic attack.

TThis type of fear is excessive and quite common.

AA fear of water. AA non resourceful state,

negative feeling, an unwanted reaction, a pattern of behaviour experienced by an individual, which prevents the swimmer from learning a water skill or freely entering a mass-volume water environment such as a swimming pool, sea, lake, ocean, or river.

PPhasmophobia, or the fear of ghosts.

MMost of us experience a certain thrill of anxiety when telling ghost stories or watching movies that feature ghosts and other supernatural entities .

MMost people are able to control this fear but for some people this fear is over whelming and life-limiting, thereby meeting the traditional definition of a phobia.

SSome experts feel that a phobia of ghosts may be symptomatic of a more serious thought disorder, as it may constitute a form of magical thinking. Let’s try to break down the relevant issues.

HHerpetophobia, or fear of reptiles, is a relatively common phobia.

OOur ancestors tended to fear those animals that could cause harm, and the sheer number of venomous reptiles may have caused herpetophobia to develop over time.

TThis is the fear from especially crocodiles,snakes and lizards etc.

BBatrachophobia is an overwhelming, irrational fear of amphibians such as toads, frogs etc.

TThe batrachophobic individual may be totally fearless with other reptiles such as lizards or snakes, but can be so compromised by this phobia, that they may not even be able to look at pictures of amphibians.

PPeople coping with this phobia may avoid ponds, streams, nature parks or anywhere that there may be a chance that they might encounter an amphibian.

AAcrophobia is an abnormally excessive and persistent fear of heights.

AAcrophobia can be dangerous, as sufferers can experience a panic attack in a high place and become too agitated to get themselves down safely.

AAcrophobia called space and motion discomfort that share both similar etiology and options for treatment.

AAn acrophobic,on the other hand, continues to overrely on

visual signals whether because of inadequate vestibular function or incorrect strategy.

AAn abnormal and persistent fear of flying is called aerophobia. This phobia generally develops after a person witnesses a plane crash or loses a family member in a plane crash or accident.

AA fear of flying is a fear of being on an airplane (aeroplane), or other flying vehicle, such as a helicopter, while in flight. It is also sometimes referred to as aerophobia, aviatophobia, aviophobia or pteromerhanophobia.

AAtychiphobia is the fear of failure.

AAtychiphobia is also known as fear of failure,faer of failing and failure phobia.

AAtychiphobia, as with all phobias, is an extreme, irrational fear.

PPhobias, generally, keep us from enjoying some aspects of life.

TThe fear of failure is often one of the most paralyzing phobias.

BBlood-injection-injury phobias consist of several specific phobias including fear of blood (hemophobia), injury phobia, and fear of receiving an injection (trypanophobia or aichmophobia).

IIf left untreated, a phobia may worsen to the point at which the person's life is seriously affected.

TThere may be periods of spontaneous improvement, but a phobia does not usually go away unless the person receives treatments.

AAlcoholics can be up to 10 times more likely to suffer.

IIt is thought that phobias run in families, or can be triggered by life events.

Phobia sufferers have been found to be more likely to manage stress by avoiding the stressful situation and by having difficulty minimizing the intensity of the fearful situation.

SSymptoms of phobias often involve having a panic attack as well as physical symptoms like shaking, sweating, rapid heartbeat, trouble breathing, and an overwhelming desire to escape the situation.

MMany health-care providers may help diagnose phobias specialists whom you see for a medical condition, psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers.

YYou may need to submit to a medical interview and physical examination.

A A phobia may be associated with a number of other mental -health conditions, especially other anxiety disorders.

RRoutine laboratory tests are often performed during the initial evaluation to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms.

EExposing them to circumstances that are increasingly close to the one they are phobic.

AA second method is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps in changing the way of thinking of the sufferer.

Three techniques to accomplish this goal:

DDidactic Component: This phase helps to set up positive expectations for therapy and promote the phobia sufferer's cooperation.

CCognitive Component: It helps to identify the thoughts and assumptions that influence the person's behavior.

BBehavioral Component: This employs behavior-modifying techniques to teach the individual with a phobia more effective strategies for dealing with problems.

SSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications are often used to treat phobias.

These medications affect levels of serotonin in the brain. Examples of these medications include fluoxetine (Prozac),

sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil), fluvoxamine (Luvox), citalopram (Celexa), and escitalopram (Lexapro).