PHILOSOPHY AND EDUCATION

BHAGYASREE N P1MSC NURSING GOVT CON ALAPPUZHA

Love of Wisdom Philosophy is an attempt to think truly

about human experience or to make out whole experience intelligible. –Bright man.

Philosophy is a search for comprehensive view of nature , an attempt at a universal explanation of nature of things.

MEANING

Metaphysics Epistemology Ethics/ Axiology Aesthetics Logic

MAJOR BRANCHES

Philosophy and aims of education Philosophy and curriculum Philosophy and method of teaching Philosophy and teacher Philosophy and discipline

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY

Oldest philosophy Idealism believe that man is a combination

of spiritual and material aspects, of which the spiritual aspect is more real and important

IDEALISM

Presence of Universal mind Regards man as a spiritual being The World of ideal and values are superior

than the materialistic world The real knowledge is perceived in mind

PRINCIPLES OF IDEALISM

Self realization Exaltation of personality through self

realization Universal education Development of inventive and creative

powers Conservation, promotion and transmission of

cultural heritages Development of moral sense Cultivation of spiritual values

Idealism and aims of education

Teacher as an ideal person Recognize teacher as a friend philosopher

and guide.

Role of the teacher in idealism

Higher place to mental and spiritual world than physical world.

Goal is universal education. Emphasis on character and moral

development. Ideal centered education.

Contribution to education

Idealistic views have little importance in class room teaching.

Younger generation prefer inventions and originality rather than imitation.

Limitations of idealism

“Naturalism is a system of which the salient characteristic is the exclusion of whatever is spiritual or indeed, whatever is trancedental of experience.”- Hayward Joyce

NATURALISM

Child centered education. Education as the natural development of

child’s power and capacities. Negative education in early childhood. Education should be based on child’s

psychology. The role of teacher should be that of a

guide.

PRINCIPLES OF NATURALISM

Self expression Self preservation Redirection of human instincts Struggle for existence Autonomous development of individuality Education according to nature

NATURALISM AND AIMS OF EDUCATION

Learning by doing Play way method Observation and experimentation Self education or self effort

NATURALISM AND METHOD OF TEACHING

As an observer and stage setter

Role of the teacher

Education should be a pleasurable activity Engage the spontaneous self activity of the

child Punishment is based on consequences of

wrong needs School should be located in natural setting

CONTRIBUTIONS TO EDUCATION

Pragmatism is essentially a humanistic philosophy maintaining that man creates his own values in course of activity, that reality is still in making and awaits its part of completion from the future. - Ross

PRAGMATISM

Stress on social and physical environment. Continuous reconstruction of experience as

the aim of education. Child as the centre of activity. Life situation as the basis of education. Stress on freedom for the child. Experience and experiments as the basis of

learning. Positive education.

PRINCIPLES OF EDUCATION

Pragmatism regards the teacher as a helper and guide.

Pragmatism considers teacher as an arranger of experience.

 

ROLE OF THE TEACHER

R E A L I S M

In J.S Ross’s opinion, “the doctrine of realism asserts that there is a real world of things behind and corresponding to the objects of our perception”

According to Butter, “Realism is the reinforcement of our common acceptance of this world as it appears to us”

REALISM

Worldly reality of everyday life are true. It does not believe in the existence of absolute

truth. It accepts only sensory experience of the

external world as real. It look at man like a physical being controlled by

rules and laws. Real knowledge is obtained by analysing and

experiencing sensation. It advocates the method and principles of

physical science for acquiring knowledge

PRINCIPLES OF REALISM

Prepares the child for real life. Prepare the child for a happy and successful

life. Foster the mental and physical power of the

child Developing and training of sense. Providing vocational education. Make the child familiar with the nature and

social environment

REALISM AND AIMS OF EDUCATION

To prepare good citizen. Recommend broad and flexible curriculum. Suggest scientific teaching method. Considers education as a tool for social

control. Emphasis on adult and social education. Harmonious relationship among school,

home and society

FEATURES

E C L E C T I S M

None of the philosophies of education provide all the answers.

In a multiracial and multilingual society like India there is a great need for philosophy which aims at synthesising diverse elements.

NEED FOR ECLECTISM

Emphasis on the individual child. The powers of the mind and intellect are

important. The child should become the useful member

of the society. The curriculum should be a balanced one. The interests and aptitudes of the child

should be properly taken care of.

EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATION

The teacher play an important role in the educative process.

Learning through activity finds place in all activity.

condemns repression. Puts emphasis on self-discipline. accepts activity as an important instrument

of learning. Envisages correlation of various disciplines

of study. Eclectic tendency considers teacher as a

friend, philosopher and a guide

Man’s existence Self knowledge Freedom and responsibility Man is not complete No acceptance of readymade concepts

EXISTENTIALISM

According to concise oxford dictionary, humanism means “ a rationalistic outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matter.”

HUMANISM

Humanism and social welfare Humanism and materialism Humanism and social values Humanism and equality of all members Humanism and coexistence of individuals

CHIEF CHARACTERISTICS