Memory & Pharmacology

AbdulQadir J. Nashwan

Road MapEtymology & Pharmacology

• Company or Manufacture• Drug’s Action or Effect• Pharmacokinetics• Origin & Structure

General Rules

Pharmacology Mnemonics

AmikacinHydrocortisone

Candesartan

Gentamicin

ErythromycinHeparin

DoxorubicinDiusemide ®

Cefepime ®

Zinacef ®

Glucophage ®

Capoten ®

Lescol ®

Allerfin ®

Adalat ®

Actilyse ®Lasix ®

Amoclan ®Tazocin ®

Ciprodar ®

NifedipineMorphine

Atropine

Angiotic ®

Hypoten ®

Lipitor ®

StreptokinaseClopram ®

Actrapid ®

Atrovent ®

Imuran ®

Pk-Merz ®Famodar ®

Atacand ®

Hypopress ®Hyposec ®

Inhibace ®Ciprodar ®

Capoten ®

Etymology & Football !!?

Etymology: Example

dar as-sina'ah Arzenale Arsenal

Arabic Italian English

Heroin

 German word Heroisch

perceived “Heroic" effects

Morphine

 Greek God of DreamMorpheus

perceived “Delirium" effects

Atropine

 Italian wordAtropa belladonna

“Fair Lady”

Pupil Dilation (Mydriasis)

Doxorubicin

French word Ruby (rubis)

Adriamycin ® from the  Adriatic Sea

Lipitor ®

Lipid

Atorvastatin 

Medical uses:

• Dyslipidemia ( Lipids & Cholesterol)

• Cardiovascular disease (CHD, Stroke)

• Lipitor, is a member of the drug class ended

by vastatin

• Action: inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (an enzyme found in liver tissue that plays a key role in production of cholesterol in the body).

Lasix ®

Lasts Six hours

Intravenous and oral Lasix ® lasts Two to Six hours

Atrovent ®

Ipratropium

Similar to Atropine

Ventilation

Used as a Bronchodilator for Asthma & COPD

Plavix ®

Anti-Platelets

Used to inhibit blood clots in coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Works by irreversibly inhibiting adenosine diphosphate ADP chemoreceptor.

Diprivan ®

Diisopropyl Intravenous Anesthetic

“Milk Anesthesia”

“Milk of Amnesia"

• Intravenous (IV)

• Anesthetic NOT Analgesic

• Sedative & Hypnotic

• Short-acting

Was a contributing factor in Jackson's

death in 2009

Hypoten ®

Hypotension

Scientific Name: Atenolol

Examples:

Propranolol

Timolol

Esmolol

MetoprololBeta blocker

Produce

( Blood Pressure )

Hyposec ®

Hypo = decrease

HCL (stomach) secretions

Secretions

Scientific Name: Omeprazole

Examples:

Lansoprazole 

Dexlansoprazole 

Esomeprazole 

Pantoprazole 

Rabeprazole

ProtonPumpInhibitors(PPI’s)

Other Brand Names

Prilosec ®

Losec   ®

Streptokinase

Streptococcus Bacteria

IMPORTANT: Used with caution in patients with a history of recent (5 to 6

months) Streptococcal Infection because they may have antibodies against the

drug resulting in increased resistance to its action.

Kinase = Enzyme

Brand Name

Streptase ®

Isolated from

Navoban ®

Nausea

Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist

Vomiting

Scientific Name: Tropisetron 

Examples:

Ondansetron (Zofran ®)

Granisetron 

Palonosetron

Dolasetron

identified by the suffix –setron

 Antiemetic to treat

following Chemotherapy

Another Brand Name: Setrovel ®

Ban = prohibit or prevent

Nimbex ®

Neuro

• Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular

Blocking Agent

Muscular

Scientific Name: Cisatracurium Besilate

 

Examples:

Atracurium (Tracrium ®)

Doxacurium (Nuromax ®)

Mivacurium (Mivacron ®)

identified by the suffix –acurium

BlockerExcellent

Important Tips:

• Mechanical Ventilation

• Adjunct to Anesthesia

• NOT Analgesic !!

• Produce Hypotension due

to Histamine Release

Ultiva ®

Total Intravenous AnesthesiaUltraShort acting

Scientific Name: Remifentanil

 

Examples:

Alfentanil (Alfenta®)

Sufentanil (Sufenta®)

Carfentanil (Wildnil ®)

Lofentanil

Fentanyl Analogues

• Analgesic & Anesthetic

• 100 times more potent than Morphine

General RulesCompany or Manufacture

Drug’s Action or Effect

Pharmacokinetics

Origin & Structure

Company or Manufacture

Ciprodar ®

Pharmaclor ®

HIKMA Midazolam

®

PK-Merz ®

Hypoten ®

Capoten ®

Angiotic ®

Inhibiace ®

Hypopress ®

ExamplesDrug’s Action or Effect

Diusemide ®

Lescol ®

Allerfin ®

Histop ®

Lipitor ®

ExamplesDrug’s Action or Effect

Atrovent ®

ExamplesDrug’s Action or Effect

Atacand ®

Hyposec ®

Tazocin ®

Amoclan ®

Lasix ®

Actrapid ®

Panadol ® Fast

Pharmacokinetics

Streptokinase

Adrenaline

HeparinZinacef ®

Hydrocortisone ®

Origin & Structure

Pharmacology Mnemonics

ALONE

Epinephrine

Naloxone

Oxygen

Lidocaine

Atropine

• SalivationS• LacrimationL• UrinationU• DigestionD• DefecationD• BronchoconstrictionB

Vagal Stimulation = Bradycardia

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Atropine

Dry Mouth

Dry Eye

Urinary Retention

Constipation

Constipation

Bronchodilation

Tachycardia

Atropine

• Miosis (pin point pupil)M• Orthostatic hypotensionO• Respiratory depressionR• Physical dependencyP• Histamine releaseH• Increased ICPI• NauseaN• EuphoriaE• SedationS

Morphine Pharmacology Mnemonics

• MetronidazoleM• Chloramphenico

lC• Aminoglycoside

s A• TetracyclinesT

Antibiotics Contraindicated During Pregnancy

Hepatic Failure

Gray Baby Syndrome

Ototoxicity

Teeth Discoloration & Liver Failure

*

* Relatively Contraindicated & Others like Nitrofurantoin , Quinolones and Sulfonamides 

Alprazolam Xanax ® Peak:1-2 hoursHalf-life: 6-12 hoursAnxiolytic

DiazepamValium ® Peak: 1-2 hours Half-life: 20-100 hours Anxiolytic AnticonvulsantMuscle relaxant

LorazepamAtivan ® Peak: 2-4 hours Half-life: 10-20 hours Anxiolytic Anticonvulsant

Midazolam Dormicum ® Peak: 0.5-1 hoursHalf-life: 1.8-6 hoursHypnotic

FlumazenilAnexate ® Antidote for benzodiazepines

Pharmacology Handbook for Clinical Practice ®