van Der Mars, H. (2006). Time and learning in physical education. In D. Kirk, D. MacDonald, & M. O’Sullivan (Eds.), The Handbook of Physical Education (pp. 191-213). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Ltd.

Dr. Stephen Harvey

Purpose of review

• Review the main findings from research into time in physical education

• Main construct for this has been ALT-PE and / or Opportunities to Respond (OTR)

• Directions for future research based on the importance of time variables studies so far

Background and significance of study…what did it report to add?

Theoretical Frameworks

Theoretical Frameworks

Theoretical Frameworks

INSTRUCTIONAL MANAGEMENT

SOCIAL

DOYLE, 1984

Observation Tactics / Instruments• Recording methods– Duration– Interval– Event

• Systems– a lot to keep you going– e.g. System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time

Observation Tactics / Instruments

Data generation sheet

• Motor appropriate (MA). The pupil is engaged in a motor activity related to the subject matter in such a way as to produce a high degree of success.

• Motor inappropriate (MI). The pupil is engaged in a motor activity related to the subject matter, but the task or activity is either too difficult for the pupil's capabilities or so easy that practising it could not contribute to the achievement of lesson objectives.

• A: activity – motor engagement in assigned task (jumping rope, participating in 3 on 3)

• O: off task – not doing assigned task, teacher addressing misbehavior

Data generation sheet for Mylan

Data generation definitions

Data generation sheet

Findings/Main argumentsa) Teaching and student behaviors are highly related,

and some teaching and student behaviors in a lesson impact student learning and some do not;

b) In-class learning in turn effects student achievement;

c) Teachers vary in their use of effective managerial and instructional behaviors and thus in their effectiveness as teachers

Ward (2014)

Conclusions/implications for practice and/or future research

• Games-based instruction

• Authentic Assessment instruments

• Observation tactics– Analysis of gender and skill level– Length of units

What did this paper mean to me?

• It told me there was a legitimate research program in games-based instruction and this is grounded in the historical developments of physical education and sport pedagogy research

Questions?