Personal Knowledge Management

Paul Kawachi FRSAkawachi@open-ed.net

Personal Knowledge Management :

. . . some ideas to help you

to work more intelligently –

to save time and effort, to achieve more

to work more easily not harder

1 - what is Knowledge Management2 - Personal Knowledge Management3 - why you need a System

1 - some ideas in theory2 - some ideas in practice3 - quality assurance4 - keep back-up copies

overview

2 - Personal Knowledge Management :

involveshigher-order thinking skills - judging, synthesizingand physical things - files, bookshelves

higher-order thinking skills :

- critically reflecting on own needs- searching and evaluating skills- judging quality and suitability to purpose- collating and writing- reading and knowledge creation- these iteratively in cycles

higher-order thinking skills :

- critically reflecting on own needs metacog- searching and evaluating skills manage- judging quality and suitability to purpose environ- collating and writing cog- reading and knowledge creation cog- these iteratively in cycles affect

and physical things :

- computer and fast internet access- libraries and e-libraries- desk, paper and pen- files off-line and on-line- isolated files as back-up- these iteratively in cycles

and physical things :

- computer and fast internet access- libraries and e-libraries- desk, paper and pen- files off-line and on-line- isolated files as back-up- all environ these iteratively in cycles

A personal knowledge management system is mostly involved with theMANAGEMENT DOMAIN OF LEARNING :

coping with massive amounts of information to obtain appropriate material in a suitable quality for learning, and time management

3 - why you need a System :

Aside from the need to organize yourselfthe human brain is unable to cope without some external storage

Cooperation

Collaboration

3 - why you need a System :

Cooperation

sharing experiences leads to massive amounts of data

The human-human bandwidth is very narrowleading to over-loading and de-contextualization= richness is lost without a good storage system

3 - why you need a System :

Collaboration

Involves retrieving richness on demandefficiently in time and across space

Both cooperation and collaboration are needed for learning and self-development

4 - some ideas in theory :

Sustainable development

stands on three pillars

Economic Ecological Social

social

economic ecological

sustainabledevelopment

Economic Dimension involves costing, grades or some measureable quantity

Ecological Dimension involves quality, description as in case study

Social Dimension involves human resource individual and community capacity building

Social Dimension :

of human resource capacity buildingis illustrated using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

self-development

esteem status

affiliation love

security shelter

hunger thirst warmth

increasing

socialdevelopment

social

economic ecological

sustainabledevelopment

social

at the top level there is freedom, and altruism to help others

self-development

self-development

esteem status

affiliation love

security shelter

hunger thirst warmth

if there is loss in any lower level,

then attention is required only temporarily

self-development

esteem status

affiliation love

security shelter

hunger thirst warmth

any loss in a lower levelcauses both

fear & hope

self-development

esteem status

affiliation love

security shelter

hunger thirst warmth

any loss in a lower levelcauses both

fear & hope

Attention to lower needis only temporary

The current Global Financial Crisis :

Research shows that any disappearance inlower needs e.g. for security or shelteris only temporary, that development of thehighest level continues fairly uninterruptedly

. . . while fear is a spontaneous response,individual and social development is sustained

5 - some ideas in practice :

Use a hard-disk back-upBack-up every hourRe-look and re-save old back-upsDevelop a filing systemMaintain a libraryJoin key lists and discussion groupsWrite, speak and publish . . .

6 - quality assurance :

‘grey’ literature after 1991

distributed cost of ascertaining quality

more ‘free’ data - > higher costs

Good quality research is defined in terms of :

- Originality

- Significance

- Rigour : including the reliabilities the validities and utility utility includes transportability and transmissibility to other works, contexts

Originality :

- Pre-existing problems tackled in new way, or pre-existing research analysed in new way, providing new and salient conceptualisation

- New or complex problem or debate engaged

- New design or method is developed

Significance judged according to :

- Basic Research ( theory )

- Strategic Research ( technique )

- Applied Research (case study )

Significant, if :

- provides new social science knowledge

- tackles important practical current problem

- and provides trustworthy results

Significance evaluated by :

- its effect on the development of the field

- its examining contributions to existing debates

- its impact on policy and practice

Significance in terms of results Results :

- may be empirical, analytical, or theoretical

- provide new challenging conceptualisations

- must provide evidence to readers / others

Significance in value for use Usefulness :

- may be immediate or in the short term

- expect impact over the long term

( usefulness may be influence on readers / others )

Rigour :

- robustness, and systematic approach

- reliabilities, validities, and utility

- integrity and ethical issues

ethics : human conduct right or wrong based on reasoningcf morals : that based on social custom

Reliability :

- triangulation helps ( 3+ sources of data ) eg from own eyes, from teachers, & from students

- triangulation helps ( multiple methods ) required in each single research aim

Validity :

- is measuring what you want to measure be explicit & take steps to assure achievement

- the extent to which you do research into what you said you were researching into MacNamara Fallacy making the measurable important instead of the important measurable

Construct Validity is overarching :

- content validity ext

- face validity int ext

- ecological validity int

Transportability :

- to another context carrying over the validities ( =generalising )

Transmissibility :

- whether this is vaild ;-)

Sampling and so on :

- extreme, typical, expert, opportunity, full

- data viewing

- Factor Analysis vs Simplex / Multiplex

- Path Analysis, e-Portfolios

Poor quality research design : Examples

- Course evaluation by ( sleeping ) students- Oxygen-levels in amber- 70% yes = ? 40% yes- Responses ; good / very good only- EASI vs ASI vs Mini-ASI- Target language and native languages

Poor quality research design :

Confounding effects and fallacies : Interviewer Effect : politics / to please Halo Effect : power / respect Hawthorne Effect : honoured MacNamara Fallacy : obs-important

Use three groups to eliminate each effect

Non-normal Distributions :“ the average age of the students …” mean +/-sd

25 35 45

years old

%

25

25 35 45

years old

%

No Significant Difference Debate DE (e-learning) vs CE (face2face)

New Doshisha Univ results 2007Good e-students showed no difference

Poor e-students repeated, reviewed parts, etcto raise their grades and the e-averageSo there is now a significant difference DE > CE

Kawachi 2002 : Wave Analysis

Kawachi 2002 : Wave Analysis

Originally in time slots to find the trend indicating the ‘responses’ of the non-responders

Adapted for repeat cohorts to increase confidenceInternal & external reliabilitiesconstruct validitiescontent validity and all face validities

Kawachi 2002 : Wave Analysis

Students1 2 3 4 5 6

/ / / // / / / // / / // / / / / / / / / / /

What is ‘learning’ ?

Jiko gaku shuHatten saseru monoTest benkyoTaisetsuShushoku no tameKyoumi ga nakereba ikenaiChishiki wo eru

items from open-essay responses are recorded

Approaches to Studying Inventory - ASI

‘Honne’Not much - Very much 1 2 3 4 5 6

X X X X X X X

‘Tatemae’

64 items+10 % repeat similar+10 % repeat reversed------------- 76 items in the Extended ASI

Text Design scaffolding :

Cultural thought patterns

Persuasion / Dissuasion

7 - keep back-up copies :

maintain own archives, and share these

minimum of 2 back-up copies. . . in at least two different places :-)

Literature References :

- Reviewers look to your lit refs at first as a simple indication of poor research

- Grey lit ; errors, incomplete, disappears

- keep pdf, print-out

- Keep full lit ref in APA style

- cross-check all references Garrison S+ D+ was least distant

for our further discussion :

http://OpenTeacher.blogspot.com

QQ 60338304 : Open Teachgoogle group : Open-Teachemail : kawachi@open-ed.net

You can download these slides freely from the website

http://www.open-ed.net / library / pkm.ppt

or by email to me at

kawachi @ open-ed.net