Periodicity properties

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Transcript of Periodicity properties

PERIODICITY PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS

PERIODICITY PROPETIES OF ELEMENTS

1. Atomic Radius ( Jari Atom )2. Electron Affinity ( Afinitas Elektron )3. Ionization Energy ( Energi Ionisasi )4. Electronegativity

( Keelektronegatifan )5. Metallic Properties ( Logam & Non-

Logam)6. Reactivity ( Kereaktifan )7. Boiling & Melting Point (Titik Didih

& Leleh)

Chemical Properties

Physical Properties

Atomic Radius

Nuclei

Outermost Shell

Atomic Radius

Atomic Radius is the distance between outermost electron (valence electron) to the nuclei of the atom

Atomic Radius

Increases from right to left

Incr

ease

s fr

om

up t

o b

ott

om

Atomic Radius

+3 2e 1e

K L

+11 2e 8e

K L M

1e

3Li

11Na

+4 2e 2e

K L

+12 2e 8e

K L M

2e

4Be

12Mg

Group IA Group IIA

Period 2

Period 3

Ionization Energy

Ionization Energy is the energy required to lose the electron in forming positive ion

Ionization Energy

+3 2e 1e

K L

+11 2e 8e

K L M

1e

3Li

11Na

Group IA

Period 2

Period 3

Gaya tarik inti terhadap elektron valensi kuat sehingga elektron valensi sukar dilepaskan ( IE >> )

Gaya tarik inti terhadap elektron valensi lemah sehingga elektron valensi mudah dilepaskan( IE << )

H

Be

B

C

N

O

F

Mg

Al

Si

PS

Cl

Ionization Energy

Atom berelektron banyak dapat kehilangan satu, dua, atau lebih elektronnya.

Energi yang diperlukan untuk melepaskan elektron kedua, ketiga dan seterusnya disebut energi ionisasi kedua, ketiga dan seterusnya

Example :

Points to Note

IE 1 : Be(g) + 899 kJ Be+ (g) + e

IE 2 : Be+ (g) + 1.757 kJ Be2+

(g) + e

IE 3 : Be2+ (g) + 14.848 kJ Be3+

(g) + e

IE 4 : Be3+ (g) + 21.006 kJ Be4+

(g) + e

Valence Electron

Successive Ionization Energies

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity is the energy involved by an atom in gas form, after it accepts an electron to form negative ion, ex :

Cl( g) + e Cl- (g) H = -349 kJ/mol

Cl( g) + e Cl- (g) + 349 kJ/mol

Mean : • Jika 1 mol atom Cl menangkap 1 mol elektron

membentuk 1 mol ion Cl-, dilepaskan energi sebesar 349 kJ (dalam bentuk kalor)

Point to Note - = easy to accept electron (energy realized)+ = difficult to accept electron (energy accepted)

Electron Affinity

increases from left to right

Incr

ease

s fr

om b

ottom

to u

p

Electronegativity

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons to its self in a bond

Electronegativity

Pauling’s electronegativity scale

The higher the value, the more electronegative the element

Fluorine is the most electronegative element It has an electronegativity value of 4.0

Pauling’s electronegativity scaleH

2.1He-

Li1.0

Be1.5

B2.0

C2.5

N3.0

O3.5

F4.0

Ne-

Na0.9

Mg1.2

Al1.5

Si1.8

P2.1

S2.5

Cl3.0

Ar-

increases from left to right

Incr

ease

s fr

om b

ottom

to u

p

Electronegativity

Metallic Properties

Metals versus Nonmetals

ReactivityReactivity depends on the tendency an element to lose and accept electron in forming a compound

The most reactivity metal is Group IA (Alkali)

The most reactivity non-metal is Group VIIA (Halogen)

META

L

Non

-M

ETA

L

NO

N -

META

L

META

L

Boiling & Melting Point

Boiling & Melting Point

Metal (IA –IIIA) Titik didih dan titik lelehnya diperngaruhi

kekuatan ikatan logam Kekuatan ikatan logam ditentukan oleh jumlah

elektron valensi

E.Val >> ikatan logam kuat Tb dan Tm >>

Boiling & Melting Point

Non Metal (VA –VIIA) Titik didih dan titik lelehnya dipengaruhi oleh

wujud dan Ar

Ar >> Tb dan Tm >>

Semi Metal (IV) Titik didih dan titik leleh paling puncak karena

molekul raksasa

Boiling & Melting Point

Non Metal Titik didih dan titik lelehnya dipengaruhi oleh Ar

Ar >> Tb dan Tm >>

Metal Titik didih dan titik leleh dipengaruhi oleh jari –

jari atom

r >> ikatan logam lemah Tb dan Tm <<