Perfusion myocardique en IRM · Manisty et al. Splenic Switch-off: A Tool to Assess Stress Adequacy...

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Perfusion myocardique en IRMcorrélations avec la FFR

Alain Nchimi MD, PhD

6.7 ml/’/100g

10.3 ml/’/100g

25/07/2018

Myocarde normal IM Aigu

[Gd] = Faible

Membranes Intactes

[Gd] = élevée

Rupture de membranes

[Gd] = élevée

Matrice Collagène

K K

KK

KK

KKK

K

Na

Na Na

Gd

Gdd

Gd

Na

Na

Na

Na

Na

NaNa

Na

Gd

Gd

Gd

Gd

GdNa

Na

Na

Na

Na

Gd

Gd

Gd

Gd

GdGd

GdGd

Na

Na

Gd

Gd

Na

Na

Na

Gd

GdGd

GdGd Gd

Gd

GdNa

Na

Na

Na

Na

Gd

Gd Gd

Gd

Cicatrice

Principe du rehaussement tardif: [Gd] élevé = T1raccourci

Kim RJ, Choi KM, Judd RM. In Cardiovascular MRI and MRA, Higgins and DeRoos editors

Myo-péricardite SarcoïdoseInfarctus chronique

HCM DCM

% rehaussement tardif% of récupération fonctionnelle

0 78

1-25 67

26-50 56

51-75 35

> 75 5

Quantification

TTP

AUC

Slope

FWHM

Slope

Peak

LV (AIF)

Myocardium

Peak

Impulse response

(Eg: Fermi function)

LV and myocardial TIC parameters

Myocardium

=

(Convolved)

AIF

MBF

Tissue input is a function of the arterial input:

i(x) = Ø A i(x)25/07/2018 5

Autres méthodes Marquage de spins/Relaxométries

Kober F et al. Myocardial arterial spin labeling. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2016 Apr 12;18:22.

Autres méthodes Marquage de spins/Relaxométries

Liu A et al.. Adenosine Stress and Rest T1 Mapping Can Differentiate Between Ischemic, Infarcted, Remote, and Normal Myocardium Without the Need for Gadolinium Contrast Agents. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Jan;9(1):27-36.

Performance diagnostique

Nandalur et al, JACC 2007; Études 1990 -2007 :

IRM perfusion stress pour coronaropathie (50% sténose diamétre) &

Coronarographie = standard de référence

24 études (1,516 patients)

Sens 0.91 (95% IC 0.88 à 0.94)

Spec of 0.81 (95% IC 0.77 à 0.85) par patient

Prévalence 57.4%

Perfusion IRM > SPECT

Greenwood et al. CE-MARC study. Lancet 2012.

Schwitter et al. MR-IMPACT II study. Eur Heart J 2013

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Pièges diagnostiques

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Pièges diagnostiques

Nchimi et al. Myocardial dynamic contrast-enhanced MR: vascular diseases and beyond. JBR-BTR 2014

Pièges diagnostiques

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Pièges diagnostiques

Manisty et al. Splenic Switch-off: A Tool to Assess Stress Adequacy in Adenosine Perfusion Cardiac MR Imaging. Radiology 2015 12

Vasodilatateurs en physiologie cardiaque

• Dipyridamole (Gould 1978)

• Papavérine (Wilson 1986)

• Adénosine (Wilson 1990)

• ATP (De Bruyne 2003)

• Nitroprusside (Kern 2004)

• Nicorandil (Kang 2006)

• Regadenoson (Nair 2011)

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Pièges diagnostiques

– Artéfacts

– Maladie poly-vasculaire

– Ischémie, infarctus sous-jacent

– Stress inapproprié

– Standard de référence

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Performance diagnostique

• 5-10% FN/FP vs coronarographie

• Étude Dan-NICAD

– Sens 41% [28-54]

– Spec 84% [75-91]

– VPP 62% [45-78]

– VPN 68% [58-76]

• Coronaro >90% diamètre ou FFR <0.80)

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Corrélations FFR-IRM

• Rieber J et al. Eur Heart J 2006 • Kuhl HP et al. Am J Cardiol 2007 • Chiribiri A et al. , JACC cardiovasc

Imaging 2013 • Kirschbaum SW et al. Int J Cardiol 2011 • Lockie T et al. JACC 2011Corrélations modérées-bonnes (valeurs r

0.4-0.7)• Pathologie microcirculatoire?• Collatérales?

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(In)Déterminants FFR

• Sévérité de la sténose

• Étendue du territoire irrigué

• Collatérales

• Pathologie microvasculaire

• Maladie diffuse

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Hypothèse

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Tester IRM de perfusion relative!

Eligible patients with intermediate-grade stenoses on coronary CTA and adenosine perfusion CMR from Hospital databases (n=81 patients)

Quantitative coronary angiography (n=76 patients)

Patients excluded (n=5)

➢transmural myocardial infarct

Patients excluded with previous stenting, motion artefacts or misregistration on coronary CT (n=9)

Invasive FFR measurement (n=46 patients)

Patients excluded (n= 30)

➢< 40% diameter stenosis (n=12)➢> 70% diameter stenosis (n=12)

➢More than one intermediate-grade stenosis on the same vessel (n=3)➢Stenosis >70% on a different artery (n=3)

FFRCT, adenosine stress CMR and invasive FFR

(n=37 patients; 39 intermediate-grade stenoses)25/07/2018 19

Analyse IRM

• Segment/segment

• Pente endocardique au-delà de la sténose & dans une zone saine– Pente normalisée au stress

– Rapport à la zone saine (relative)

– Rapport au repos (réserve)

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IRM vs FFR

Az = 0.69

Az = 0.67

Az = 0.88

Ghekiere et al. Value of relative myocardial perfusion on cardiac magnetic resonance for fractional flow reserve-defined ischemia. A pilot study. Soumis EHJcv

21

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Coronary artery

stenosis (n= 49)TP TN FP FN Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV LR+ LR- Accuracy

Stress upslope 22 11 4 12(22/34)

65% [63-67]

(11/15)

73% [69-77]

(22/26)

85% [82-86]

(11/23)

48% [45-51]

2.43

[2.36-2.50]

0.48

[0.47-0.49]

(33/49)

67% [66-

69]

Perfusion reserve 17 12 3 17(17/34)

50% [48-52]

(12/15)

80% [75-83]

(17/20)

85% [81-87]

(12/29)

41% [39-44]

2.50

[2.42-2.59]

0.62

[0.62-0.63]

(29/49)

59% [58-

61]

Relative perfusion 31 12 3 3(31/34)

91% [89-92]

(12/15)

80% [75-83]

(31/34)

91% [89-92]

(12/15)

80% [73-83]

4.56

[4.41-4.71]

0.11

[0.11-0.11]

(43/49)

88% [86-

89]

Eligible patients with intermediate-grade stenoses on coronary CTA and adenosine perfusion CMR from Hospital databases (n=81 patients)

Quantitative coronary angiography (n=76 patients)

Patients excluded (n=5)

➢transmural myocardial infarct

Patients excluded with previous stenting, motion artefacts or misregistration on coronary CT (n=9)

Invasive FFR measurement (n=46 patients)

Patients excluded (n= 30)

➢< 40% diameter stenosis (n=12)➢> 70% diameter stenosis (n=12)

➢More than one intermediate-grade stenosis on the same vessel (n=3)➢Stenosis >70% on a different artery (n=3)

FFRCT, adenosine stress CMR and invasive FFR

(n=37 patients; 39 intermediate-grade stenoses)25/07/2018 23

FFRct vs IRM vs IRMrel

Ghekiere et al. FFRCT and stress perfusion CMR are equally reliable alternatives to invasive FFR measurement in functional significance of intermediate-grade coronary artery stenosis. Soumis Eur Radiol.

25/07/2018 24

r = 0.67 r = 0.15 r = -0.63

Discussion

FFR Standard de référence

• iFR (Instantaneous wave free ratio)

• Valeur seuil débattue (0.80-075, zone grise)

• Le seuil idéal serait plus bas encore

• L’indice de perfusion relative en IRM est la meilleure alternative non invasive

IRM standard de référence

• Hussain ST et al. Design and rationale of the MR-INFORM study: stress perfusion CMR to guide the management of patients with stable coronary artery disease

• (IRM>FFR)

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Johnson NP et al. Prognostic value of fractional flow reserve: linking physiologic severity to clinical outcomes. JACC 2014;64(16):1641-54

Conclusion

• ! différences conceptuelles entre les techniques de mesure et les indices de perfusion myocardique

• L’IRM/stress offre une mesure globale des l’atteinte épicardique et microcirculatoire– Perfusion relative proche de la FFR

– Perfusion « absolue » différente de la FFR, mais valeur clinique à déterminer

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25/07/2018 ESCR 2018, Geneva 27