CHINA NATIONAL LOGGING CORP.

Perforating Technology Introduction

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Contents

1. Brief introduction

2. New DP charges

3. HEPF technology

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Brief introduction

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• Casing and cement isolating wellbore.

• Establish fluid communication.

• Production operating proceeds.

Why Perforating?

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CHINA NATIONAL LOGGING CORP.

Compact layerCompact layer

HoleHole

Invaded zoneInvaded zone Virgin zoneVirgin zone

Casing

Cem

ent

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Perforating Types

Wireline conveyed perforating(WCP) Wireline casing perforating Through tubing perforating (TTP)

Tubing conveyed perforating (TCP)

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Wellhead control equipment

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.Easy to operate.

•Use of the safety detonator. •Big OD perforating guns.

•Cheap and easy for short intervals.

Advantages of WCP

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•Overbalance perforating

• H2S & CO2 wells

• Deviated wells

• High pressure wells

Disadvantages of WCP

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●Charges are closed in the carrier

●The charge lock is opened

● The gun is fired

TTP Perforating

Brief Introduction

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• Long-interval perforating

• H2S & CO2 wells

• Deviated wells

• TCP-testing

• High pressure wells

• Reperforating

TCP Applications

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•Formation protection. •Clean debris.•Big size guns. •Conceivable length of guns •Operation safety.•Combination with testing •Saving operating time.

Features of TCP

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Choice dependent on:– Kind of completion:Natural, fractured,

sand control, and remedial

– Interval length

– Rig cost

– Post perforating testing

– Under balanced

TCP or WCP

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Example 1

Wireline casing perforating

Country : Sudan

Well structure: 7 " casingCompletion fluid: water

Gun type: 5 " expendable steel hollow carrierPhasing: 90Shot density: 16spm Perforating length:43.5mQty of lubricators: 4Total runs: 10Well depth: about 2300mTotal operating time:24 hrs

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Example 2

Through tubing perforatingCountry : IranWell structure: 9 5/8 " casing(0-2499.5m) 7 " casing(2360.5m-3805.0m)gun type: 2 1/8" exposed spiral gunsPhasing: 90Shot density: 13spm Perf. length: 28.3mEnvironment: 4% H2S, High power radar, 110kV power line Safety : safety adapterResult : successful

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Example 3

Tubing conveyed perforating (TCP)

Country : SudanWell structure: 7 " casingComp. fluid: waterGun type: 5 " expendable steel hollow carrierPhasing: 90Shot density: 16spm Well depth: 2500mPerf. length: 73.5m, 105m including spacer.Result : all charges shot

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Example 4

Dual casing perforating

Country : SudanWell structure: 9 5/8 " casing and 13 3/8 " casingComp. fluid: waterGun type: 5 " expendable steel hollow carrierPhasing: 90Shot density: 16spm After perf. Great bubbleTest conclusion:oil.

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New DP Charges

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1MD-1 Perforator

1. Casing O.D. : 7 〞2. Gun O.D. : 5 1/2 〞3. Gun type: high strength steel pipe, retrievable4. Phasing: 90 °5. Shot density(spm): 126. Explosive: RDX7. Explosive weight (g): 458. Temperature rating:163 /2h℃9. Pressure rating (Mpa):7010.EH in concrete target : 0.56 〞11.Penetration in concrete target: 41.4 〞

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1MD-2 Perforator

1. Casing O.D. : 7 〞2. Gun O.D. : 5 〞3. Gun type: high strength steel pipe, retrievable4. Phasing: 90 °5. Shot density(spm):126. Explosive type: RDX7. Explosive weight (g): 458. Temperature rating:163 /2h℃9. Pressure rating (Mpa):7010.EH in concrete target : 0.50 〞11.Penetration in concrete target: 37.8 〞

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1MD-3 Perforator

1. Casing O.D. : 5 1/2 〞2. Gun O.D. : 4 〞3. Gun type: high strength steel pipe, retrievable4. Phasing: 90 °5. Shot density(spm):166. Explosive type: RDX7. Explosive weight(g): 398. Temperature rating:163 /2h℃9. Pressure rating (Mpa):7010.EH in concrete target : 0.48 〞11.Penetration in concrete target: 33.7 〞

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Effect of new DP charges

production before reperf. production after reperf. effectfluid (t/d) fluid (t/d) fluid (%)

Xinwei # 8.50 13.10 54.12Mingce # 5.10 6.90 35.29Xinwei ## 6.30 12.30 95.24Wei # 3.00 9.50 216.67Mingce # 18.90 32.80 73.54

well

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Limitation of Conventional Perf.

1.Penetration and shot density

2. compaction damage

3. Residual energy

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HEPF Technology

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Meaning of HEPF

HEPF-High Energy Perforating and Fracturing

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Principle of HEPF

1. Charges and propellant in the same gun2. Charges are detonated.3. Propellant is fired 4. High pressure generate5. Fracturing would be realized.

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Characteristics of HEPF

1. Two different types of energy2. Overcoming the restriction of critical conditions 3. Removing compaction damage .4. Utilizing the residual energy of explosion.5. Simple process and convenient operation6. Safety operating and Economical costs

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Performance of HEPF

1. Fracture length on target surface : 2500mm2. Fracture width on target surface: 5.3mm3. Fracture width on target side: 3mm4. Pressure rating: 80Mpa5. Temperature rating : 177 ℃

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perforator type charge type gun size

(mm) shot density (spm) propellant type conveyance

TY-89-P DP36RDX 89 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-89-G DP36HMX 89 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-102-P41 DP41RDX 102 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-102-G41 DP41HMX 102 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-102-P44 DP44RDX 102 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-102-G44 DP44HMX 102 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-114-P DP44RDX 114 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-114-G DP44HMX 114 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-127-P DP44RDX 127 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-127-P DP44HMX 127 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

HEPF Products

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Example 5 -HEPF

Area: TarimCompletion: reperforatingWell no: Lun south #Before HEPF:no commercial oil since 1993After HEPF: test rate 25t/d in 1999

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Example 6 -HEPF

Well area: KazakstanPerforating depth： 3865mTotal interval： 52 mPerforating type:TCPPropellant quantity:1260g/mExpected production: 70t/dCompletion result: 120t/d