PCDPCDObjective 4.01Objective 4.01

Understand physical development Understand physical development

and care of the infantand care of the infant

(Birth-1 year old) (Birth-1 year old)

InfancyInfancy• Period between birth and one yearbirth and one year old

http://www.babycenter.com/2_newborn-care-immediately-after-birth_3658844.bc

Never in a person’s Never in a person’s lifetime willlifetime will

there be more there be more rapid rapid growthgrowth and and

physical changesphysical changes than duringthan during

infancyinfancy..

Physical DevelopmentPhysical Development• Growth

– Increase in a baby’s size and weight

• Increasing ability to control and coordinate body movements

Flowers will grow when water/fed… babies will grow if loved, nurtured

and fed!!!

DevelopmentDevelopment• Increases in skills

– Physical– Cognitive– Emotional– Social

Can you name that Can you name that development?development?

PHYSICAL

Okay, so which one is this?Okay, so which one is this?

Social

And this????And this????

Emotional

Last one….Last one….

Cognitive

Patterns of physical Patterns of physical developmentdevelopment

• Head to Foot– Babies develop control of head and neck

muscles first, then control of muscles move down baby and end with control of legs and feet

Head and neckthen

Legs and feet

Patterns of physical Patterns of physical developmentdevelopment

• Near to Far– Development begins at the trunk of the

body and moves outward to hands and feet

– Trunk/body– Hands and feet

Trunk grows first then leaves….body develops first then hands and feet

Patterns of physical Patterns of physical developmentdevelopment

• Simple to Complex– Large muscle development takes place

first leading to more fine muscle and complex abilities later

Large then small

muscles

Patterns of Patterns of Physical DevelopmentPhysical Development

ActivityActivity• Your group (table) each has a pattern. • Your job is to teach your type/pattern

to the class so we can understand the pattern. – Ideas:

• Use hand motions to teach the pattern as a memory device.

• 5 minutes to come up with an idea.• Each group will show the class and the whole

class will need to learn the “memory device.”• On the count of 3…1, 2, 3 GO!!

Vision

Length

Weight (Wt.)Weight (Wt.)

• Amount of body mass a baby has• Infant gains 1-2 lbs per month in the

first six months • Wt. gain is one of the best signs of

good health• Most babies lose about 10% of their

birth wt. in the 1st 5 days of life

Categories of GrowthCategories of Growth& Development & Development

during the 1st yearduring the 1st year

• Afterward, they gain wt. rapidly• Gain 1-2 pounds (lbs) per month in the

1st 6 months• Gain 1 lb per month in the next 6

months• Average wt. of a 1 yr. old is 20-22 lbs.

LengthLength• The number of inches tall an infant

measures lying down • Measure length instead of height

because they are lying down• Average baby is 20 inches long at

birth

Categories of growth and Categories of growth and development during the development during the

first yearfirst year

• Boys are slightly longer than girls• Average baby at 1 yr. is 30 inches long• Body shape category:

– Description on how an Infant looks • Hold themselves in a tightly secured position

with fists clenched

Categories of growth and Categories of growth and development during the development during the

first yearfirst year

• Skinny arms and legs, large abdomen• Navel cord usually falls off in 3 wks.• Body straightens out during the 1st 6

mths.

Proportion Proportion • Relates to the size relationship

between different parts of the body– Baby’s head and abdomen are large,

and the legs and arms are short and small

• Skull has fontanels– What is fontanels?

• Open space in babies skull– Allows for brain growth

A stimulating environmentA stimulating environment

• Use picture of baby to write notes on the five senses.

• Baby has a wide variety of things to:– See– Taste– Smell– Hear– Touch

• Enhances development

VisionVision

• Improves rapidly during the 1st yr.• Blurry at birth

– within week or so, infant is aware of surroundings• By 1 mth.

– infant can focus on objects as faraway as 3 feet• By 6 mths.

– eyesight reaches the sharpness of adult vision

• Child sees two-dimensionally 1st and then develops depth perception– Distance awareness

VisionVision• Two-dimensional

– seeing an object flat

• Three-dimensional – see all sides of an object

HearingHearing• Develops before birth• Can tell the direction of sound• Language develops with hearing

spoken words

TouchTouch• Babies rely on touch of others to

teach them about the environment– For exploration (discovery)

• Becomes a more important sense for learning as year progresses

Smell & TasteSmell & Taste• Develop after birth• Within 10 days they can distinguish

their mother from any other person by smell

• Two-week old babies can taste the difference between water, sour, sugar, and salt, and milk

VoiceVoice• Shrill (sharp, harsh), but softens as lungs mature

• Change in the voice results from physical growth of the– throat muscles– Tongue– Lips– Teeth– Vocal Cords

• Change in tongue and in the shape and proportion of the inside of the mouth during the first months of life leads to speech development

Motor SkillsMotor Skills• At birth babies have little control over their

muscles• Gross motor skills

– Large muscles• Arms• Legs

• Fine motor skills– Small muscles

• Hands• Fingers

Gross vs. Fine Motor Skills Gross vs. Fine Motor Skills • Directions:

– Use pipe cleanerpipe cleaner to create an object that would represent the motor skill at your table.

– Everybody’s object needs to be different.

– Use your creative minds to think of a small or large muscle object babies can use, touch, play with, etc.

Use HandoutUse Handout• “Know Your Reflexes”

– Appendix 4.01D

ReflexesReflexes

• At birth– Automatic set of reflexes to help them

survive

GraspGrasp• Makes a fist over object placed in

hand

RootingRooting• When cheek is stroked

– Baby turns toward the side stroked with open mouth

StartleStartle• When baby’s position changes

quickly or a loud noise occurs baby throws head back, arms out and arches back

BabinskiBabinski• Occurs when baby’s foot is stroked

and the toes fan out and foot twists in

SuckingSucking• Occurs when something is put in a

baby’s mouth

Reflexes group Reflexes group project/presentationproject/presentation

• Directions:– Use baby doll to demonstrate the reflex

provide to your group

– Be ready to tell us what reflex you have, what it means, and then demonstrate to the class using the baby doll what would occur during that reflex.

Influences on Influences on Physical DevelopmentPhysical Development

• Eating foods that contain essential nutrients the body needs to grow and develop is to a child’s lifelong health.

• Staying healthy is closely related to eating well and having energy to be active.

• Key to development=experiences.

Infant physical careInfant physical care• Handling• Feeding• Teeth• Bathing• Dressing• Diapering• Sleeping• Medical care

Use handout to match the word to the picture that best describes the infant physical care

You the handout to complete your notes.

HandlingHandling

• ALWAYS Support head/neck

CPSC to Warn of Deadly Baby Sling Dangers http://bit.ly/b36hXB

CBS Early Show

Breastfeeding vs. Breastfeeding vs. Bottle FeedingBottle Feeding

• Mother will need to decide which one– Breastfeeding is free & more nutritious– Bottle feeding can be done by anybody

anywhere, but is very expensive• Burp/get air out of lungs after baby

eats• When baby seems ready for solid

foods, make sure you introduction one at a time.– This way you can determine if baby is

allergic to that food. http://bit.ly/comDpF

TeethTeeth• Will appear during their first year

– Teething will hurt, may cry and need numbing medicine• See Dr. for advice

• Take good care of your babies teeth and gums– Brush gums with warm, wet wash cloth

BathingBathing• Sponge bath

– Before naval heals

• Tub bath– After naval heals

DressingDressing• Dress babies comfortably• Weather/climate appropriate

– They don’t need too many layers of clothing, they tend to get hot easy.

DiaperingDiapering

• Decide whether to use:

Disposable diapers (Expensive, easier) VS.

Cloth diapers (FREE, but messier)

• Need to get a changing table and know the steps to diapering a baby!

http://www.dupagehealth.org/ehs/inst/diaper.asp

SleepingSleeping

• Need to establish a Routine• Proper position

– Back to sleep – Tummy to play

• http://www.selah.k12.wa.us/soar/sciproj99/MoniqueSciProj.html

• Science experiment

http://fsid.server5d.textor.com/front-play-campaign.html

http://www.toolsofchange.com/images/documentimages/SIDS/sidposter_en.jpg

Medical careMedical care

• Wellness checkups– Make sure baby goes to their regular Dr.

visits – Will need to get shots, etc.

• http://www.safesurrender.net/

Taking Care of BabyTaking Care of BabyVideoVideo

• Video segments to show you how to take care of an Infant.

• Use the handout provided to fill in answers for 1-6.

• Place this handout with questions answered in your 4.01 section of your notebook.

A Child GrowsA Child GrowsThe First YearThe First Year

24 minute Video24 minute Video

• Watch video carefully. • You will be given a QUIZ (1-10) after

it has ended.

Which illustrates the early Which illustrates the early pattern of physical pattern of physical development near to far?development near to far?A. An infant can crawl across the floor for a

toy.B. An infant can lift his head before he sits

up.C. And infant can lift up the leg and wiggle

his toes.D. An infant can reach out for his mother

with both arms.

(B)

The infant’s head was much The infant’s head was much bigger than the rest of his bigger than the rest of his body. body.

What category of growth during What category of growth during the first year is this?the first year is this?

A. Body shapeB. ProportionC. VisionD. Weight

(B)

Which is correct about infant Which is correct about infant physical development?physical development?A. Eating and exercising are not

necessary for the health of an infant.B. Infants are too young to be

stimulated by going places with parents.

C. Infants can be stimulated by going places with parents.

D. Select toys for infants that teach them to press keys.

(C)

        

                           

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