Post on 25-Feb-2016
description
PASSENGER TRANSPORTAT
IONNedith Rocillo and Gerald Angus
OPERATING SECTORS OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
Tasks: Deliver the tourism experience and tend to be viewed by
the media, public, and visitors as the “tourism industry”. To develop and deliver tourism services and experiences
with a spirit of hospitality so they will be truly memorable.
TOURISM and TRANSPORTATION are inextricably linked.
Air travel: Long and Middle distance
Private Car: Shorter trips
Transportation Sector Entertainment
Sector
Food Services
Sector
Adve
ntur
e &
Outd
oor R
ecre
atio
n
Attractions
SectorEvents Sector
Travel Trade
Sector
Acco
mm
odat
ion
Sect
or
Touris
m Service
s
SPIRIT OF HOSPITALITY
OPERATING SECTORS OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY Food Services Sector
The food and beverage sector is also a major youth employer and a major training ground for many employees who are beginning their working careers. The food and beverage sector encompasses all types of establishments supplying food and beverages for consumption from fine dining and ethnic restaurants to institutional food outlets and catering firms, from pubs and bars to nightclubs and lounges.
Adventure and Outdoor Recreation Adventure tourism and recreation, like the accommodation sector, is
growing fast. Changing trends in travel and tourism, where clients request active, recreational experiences or travel adventures where they can learn about nature and/or culture, are driving the growth. This sector includes everything from bird watching to salmon fishing, horseback riding to white water rafting, golf to wilderness trekking.
Attractions Sector Attractions include historic sites, heritage homes, museums, hall of
fame, art galleries, botanical gardens, aquariums, zoos, water parks, amusement parks, casinos and cultural attractions. The attractions sector offers a wide range of employment opportunities, ranging from seasonal part time to permanent full time positions.
Events Sector Events and conferences contribute money to communities. Not only do
travelers spend money on the event or conference itself, but their money are also spent on everything from accommodation to souvenirs.
Travel Trade Sector The travel trade sector supports the bookings and sales in the other
sectors. The people that work in the travel trade make reservations for accommodations, tours, transportation, food and beverage and/or for attractions. These bookings can be in the form of an all encompassing tour package or a single booking for a single traveler.
Accommodation Sector The accommodation is one of the largest and fastest growing
sectors in the tourism industry. (All suite hotels, smaller “privately owned hotels”, resort hotels and lodges, motels, motor hotels, and inns.
Types of positions in the Accommodation Sector:Front Office and Guest ServicesAdministrationHousekeeping, Maintenance and Fitness
Tourism Services The tourism services sector is made up of the organizations, associations,
government agencies and companies that specialize in serving the needs of the tourism industry as a whole rather than the needs of travelers specifically. Those working in tourism services include people who research tourism trends, advertise and market tourism products, educate or inform others about tourism, and those who distribute general tourism information, like statistics. Retail businesses that benefit from tourism and travel also fall into this sector.
There are several areas that make up this sector:
Government
Industry Associations
Marketing Services
Research
Retail
PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURE
Transportation
Air Road Rail Water
Other
Bus Auto Motor
BikeVehicles Used for
Private
Scheduled
Charter and Tour Operator
Privately
Owned
Rental
MH
TC
TT
TentT
Other
Private
Commercial
Inland Maritime
Private
Commercial
Charter
Scheduled
Ft
Sm
B
HDV
AT&SL
Charter
THE FOUR CATEGORIES
THE FOUR CATEGORIES Air Transport
Allows people to: attend business conventions, go home for the holidays, take vacations around the globe, or travel to other important events.
It also represents the fastest way to ship most types of cargo over long distances. Passengers and cargo can be transported by air either over regularly scheduled routes or on "charters," which are routes specifically designed for a group of travelers or a particular cargo.
Road Transport transport on roads of passengers or goods. two categories: transportation of goods and
transportation of people. The nature of road transportation of goods depends,
apart from the degree of development of the local infrastructure, on the distance the goods are transported by road, the weight and volume of the individual shipment and the type of goods transported.
short distances and light, small shipments: a van or pickup truck may be used.
large shipments even if less than a full truckload a truck is more appropriate.
People (Passengers) are transported on roads either in individual cars or automobiles or in mass transit/public transport by bus.
Rail Transport the means of conveyance
of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles merely run on a prepared surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks they run on.
Water Transport the intentional movement of water over large
distances. Methods of transportation fall into three
categories: Aqueducts, which include pipelines, canals,
and tunnels, container shipment, which includes transport
by tank truck, tank car, and tank ship, and towing, where a tugboat is used to pull
an iceberg or a large water bag along behind it. Due to its weight, the transportation of water is very
energy intensive. Unless it has the assistance of gravity, a canal or long-distance pipeline will need pumping stations at regular intervals. In this regard, the lower friction levels of the canal make it a more economical solution than the pipeline. Water transportation is also very common along rivers and oceans.
Other...
Motorcoach Transportation
CruiseLargest luxury cruise ship in
the world:•Freedom of the Seas
NEEDING THE URGENT ATTENTION OF POLICY MAKERS:1. Congestion – delays that are a serious waste of time.
2. Safety and Security – Ensuring safety and security in transportation is a basic requirement for tourism. This was true before September 11 and is even more critical today.
3. Environment – An increase in traffic may harm the environment if an area does not have the carrying capacity for additional tourists. Transportation planning must take economic, social, cultural, and natural resources costs into account when designing expanded facilities.
4. Seasonality – Seasonal patterns of travel demand create overcrowding at certain times. Conversely, low occupancies and load factors will occur at other periods. At peak travel periods the problems of congestion, security, and the environment become much more severe.
Note: This problems will have an unfavorable impact on the perception that tourists have of their vacation experiences. Transportation problems will have the potentials of creating an unfavorable image of a tourist destination.
AI
R LINE
INDUSTRY
On December 17, 1903, Orville Wright piloted the first powered airplane 20 feet above a wind-swept beach in North Carolina. The flight lasted 12 seconds and covered 120 feet. Three more flights were made that day with Orville's brother Wilbur piloting the record flight lasting 59 seconds over a distance of 852 feet.Airline Industry has grown from an infant to a giant.The world’s airline industry now carries over 1.6 billion passengers per year. In the United States alone, commercial aviation generates more than $100 billion in annual revenue and employs about 600,000 people.
***
2003 SARSThe conflict in IraqTerrorismSluggish economy$2.8 billion in losses
2004Inspite of outstanding passenger gains, the price of oil denied profitability again. World airlines – 3 consecutive year of multibillion-dollar losses.
CHALLENGES
BRIGHT SPOT
The bright spot in the global air industry is Asia and the Pacific.
The dynamic economy of the region is making its own airlines profitable and helping carriers from outside the region with extensive Asia/Pacific operations.
Orient – number one growth center for air travel in the world.
***
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESSpeed Expensive (except for
promos)The system is incredibly
efficient.Delays
More time for other activities
The airport
Safer to travel People’s fear of flying
Possible to fly around the globe
Length of time spent getting to and from the airport
Traveling by air..
TOP TEN U.S. AIRLINES BY REVENUE PASSENGER MILES, 2003
Airline Revenue Passenger Miles1. American 123,844,000,0002. United 104,464,000,0003. Delta 98,674,000,0004. Northwest 68,476,151,0005. Continental 64,934,000,0006. Southwest 47,943,066,0007. US Airways 37,740,584,0008. America West 21,295,000,0009. Alaska 16,194,000,00010. ATA Airlines 12,079,271,000
TOP TWENTY WORLD AIRLINES BY REVENUE PASSENGER KILOMETERS, 2003
Rank Airline RPKs (000,000)
1. American 193,604
2. United 167,970
3. Delta 143,896
4. Northwest 110,637
5. Air Franceª 101,644
6. British Airways 100,850
7. JAL Groupª 93,847
8. Continental 92,662
9. Lufthansa Group 90,708
10. Southwest 77, 288
Rank Airline RPKs (000,000)
11. Qantasª 77,225
12. Singapore 63,940
13. US Airways 60,792
14. Air Canada 59,507
15. KLM 57,9368
16. All Nipponª 50,182
17. Thai 44, 934
18. Cathay Pacific 42, 774
19. Iberia 41, 983
20. Emirates 40, 000
INFOSAir Transport Association of America – one of the best sources of data on the airline industry.
International Air Transport Association – makes forecasts and publishes financial and traffic statistics on the world airline industry.
World Air Transport Statistics – single most timely and authoritative source of international airline data.
Air Transport World (ATW) – publishes an annual World Airline Report. [http://www.atwonline.com]
DEREGULATION AND ALLIANCES Airline deregulation is the process of
removing entry and price restrictions on airlines affecting, in particular, the carriers permitted to serve specific routes.
In US the airline deregulation began in 1978.
Significant consolidationHub systems
Low airfares in competitive situationHigh airfares where competition is lacking
Airline alliance is an agreement between two or more airlines to cooperate on a substantial level.
Three largest passenger alliances: Star Alliance, SkyTeam and Oneworld Alliances also form between cargo airlines, such as that
of WOW Alliance, SkyTeam Cargo and ANA/UPS Alliance. Alliances provide a network of connectivity and
convenience for international passengers and international packages.
Alliances also provide convenient marketing branding to facilitate travelers making inter-airline code share, connections within countries. This branding goes as far as to even include unified aircraft liveries among member airlines.
NEW PLANES
Airbus A380
BOEING 787 DREAMLINER
AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA
Airline Industry is supported by three major organizations:
IATA – International Air Tranport AssociationICAO – International Civil Aviation OrganizationATA – Air Transport of Association of America
“to do all things tending to promote the betterment of airrline business, and in general, to do everything in its power to best serve the interest and welfare of the memebers of this association and the public at large.”
Today, ATA is the nation’s oldest and largest arline trade association. ATA is the meeting place where the airlines cooperate in noncompetitive areas to improve airline service, safety and efficiency.
Mission: to support and assist its member carriers by promoting aviation safety, advocating industry positions, conducting designated industrywide programs, and ensuring public understanding.
RAIL
INDUSTRY
Once the major mode of travel in the U.S.
France and Japan are well known for their high-speed trains.
Largest railways in the world arre found in the former Soviet Union, India and China.
Bullet Train in Japan.
The legendary Ghan train.
AMTRAK marketing name for the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, an operating railroad corporation, the controlling stock of which is owned by the U.S. government through the U.S. Department of Transportation. Established by the Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970.Not a government agency.It is a corporation structured and managed like other large businesses in the United States and competes with all other modes in the transportation marketplace
AMTRAK launched as an experiment to identify the importance of rail passenger service to a balanced national transportation system. Dominant public carrier.Provides energy-efficient and environmentally friendly service.Passengers can enjoy high-speed rail service traveling at 150 miles per hour in modern comfort.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESAffordable Noisy
Speed Stressful
Less pollution People around you
Safe Strangers are looking at you
Scenic Views Too many passengers