THE FIVE PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE

Part 5: Recovery

YOUR

NATION

YOUR

NATIONDATA BASES AND INFORMATIONDATA BASES AND INFORMATION

HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

• MONITORING• HAZARD MAPS• INVENTORY• VULNERABILITY• LOCATIONR

RISK

ACCEPTABLE RISK

UNACCEPTABLE RISK

BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE

• PREPAREDNESS• PROTECTION• EARLY WARNING• EM RESPONSE• RECOVERY

5 PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE

DISASTER RESILIENCE IS A FAILED POLICY WITHOUT THE ADOPTION AND

IMPLEMENTATION OF FIVE INTEGRATED POLICIES

(i.e., The Five Pillars of Disaster Resilience)

WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS, THE FIRST PILLAR?

WHAT IS PREPAREDNESS, THE FIRST PILLAR?

(Preparedness is

a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national

scales that is sufficient to keep the disaster agents of a natural hazard

from causing a disaster

(Preparedness is

a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national

scales that is sufficient to keep the disaster agents of a natural hazard

from causing a disaster

WHAT IS PROTECTION, THE SECOND PILLAR?

WHAT IS PROTECTION, THE SECOND PILLAR?

Protection is

a mandated state of robustness and strength for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure to prevent loss of function when a

natural hazard ocurs

Protection is

a mandated state of robustness and strength for important buildings and essential - critical infrastructure to prevent loss of function when a

natural hazard ocurs

WHAT IS EARLY WARNING, THE THIRD PILLAR?

WHAT IS EARLY WARNING, THE THIRD PILLAR?

Early Warning is

a state of monitoring and messaging “in the moment” that activates

evacuation plans to save lives and accelerates site-specific

preparedness to protect property

Early Warning is

a state of monitoring and messaging “in the moment” that activates

evacuation plans to save lives and accelerates site-specific

preparedness to protect property

WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE, THE FOURTH PILLAR?

WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE, THE FOURTH PILLAR?

Emergency Response is

a myriad of scripted and unscripted heroic and historic responses during

a twenty-four hour and twenty-one day “race against time” to save lives

and protect property

Emergency Response is

a myriad of scripted and unscripted heroic and historic responses during

a twenty-four hour and twenty-one day “race against time” to save lives

and protect property

WHAT IS RECOVERY, THE FIFTH PILLAR?

WHAT IS RECOVERY, THE FIFTH PILLAR?

Recovery is A period of up to ten years marked by an all

out effort to restore essential services to normal, to repair and reconstruct damaged buildings and infrastructure, and to revive

the economy

Recovery is A period of up to ten years marked by an all

out effort to restore essential services to normal, to repair and reconstruct damaged buildings and infrastructure, and to revive

the economy

KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY

• IT IS AN INTENSE PERIOD: Up to 10 years are required to plan, fund, and implement the kinds of multi-faceted restoration, repair, and reconstruction activities that are needed to restore life in the community to normal again.

KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY

• PUBLIC PRESSURE: The political priority is to meet the urgent needs of the people IMMEDIATELY, but the default position is AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE.

KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY

• SELF INSURANCE AND CASUALTY INSURANCE: When available, money from loss indemnification casualty insurance helps to start the repair and reconstruction quickly.

• LIMITS OF PROTECTION: Insured buildings and infrastructure are usually USUALLY restored to the pre-event level of protection; SOMETIMES MORE.

KEY ELEMENTS OF RECOVERY

• INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE: Avail-able in many cases, but not all cases.

• POLICY CHANGES: Public officials use the recovery period as a “Window of Opportunity” to adopt and implement new policies based on the lessons on preparedness, protection, early warning, and emergency response learned from the event.

THE GOAL

DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY

DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY

DISASTER RESILIENCE:

CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITY

CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITY

REALITY

UNANTICIPATED DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY

UNANTICIPATED DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY

LACK OF DISASTER RESILIENCE

INSUFFICIENT CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AFTER A NATURAL HAZARD

STRIKES

INSUFFICIENT CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AFTER A NATURAL HAZARD

STRIKES

ANY COMMUNITY CAN INCREASE ITS CAPABILITY FOR COST-

EFFECTIVE RECOVERY DURING THE INTENSE PERIOD OF UP TO TEN YEARS AFTER A NATURAL

HAZARD STRIKES

THE CAPABILITY FOR RECOVERY INCREASES AS A

COMMUNITY’S CAPABILITY TO PREPARE, PROTECT, WARN, AND RESPOND INCREASES

EXAMPLE: KOBE, JAPAN

EARTHQUAKE: JANUARY 17, 1995

KOBE, JAPAN KOBE, JAPAN

• ?• ?

ANTICIPATION IS THE KEY TO PREPAREDNESS AND PROTECTION

ANTICIPATION IS THE KEY TO PREPAREDNESS AND PROTECTION

• WHERE AND WHEN WILL THE EARTHQUAKE LIKELY OCCUR?

• HOW BIG OR STRONG IS IT LIKELY TO BE?

• HOW STRONG ARE THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS LIKELY TO BE?

• WHERE AND WHEN WILL THE EARTHQUAKE LIKELY OCCUR?

• HOW BIG OR STRONG IS IT LIKELY TO BE?

• HOW STRONG ARE THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS LIKELY TO BE?

WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED (Continued)?

WHAT NEEDS TO BE ANTICIPATED (Continued)?

• WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK?

• WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRA-STRUCTURE ARE AT RISK?

• WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VUL-NERABILITIES

• WHAT KINDS OF BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK?

• WHAT KINDS OF BASIC, ESSENTIAL, AND CRITICAL INFRA-STRUCTURE ARE AT RISK?

• WHAT ARE THEIR PHYSICAL VUL-NERABILITIES

CONCLUSION: KOBE NEEDED TO BE READY FOR:

• STRONG GROUND SHAKING, LIQUE-FACTION, LANDSLIDES, AND POSSIBLE TSUNAMI WAVES

• POSSIBLE FIRES• DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS AND

INFRASTRUCTURE• WIDE-SPREAD LOSSES OF FUNCTION • DEATHS AND INJURIES• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS

CONCLUSIONKOBE WAS A “PREPAREDNESS”

AND “PROTECTION” FAILURE

“EMERGENCY RESPONSE” AND

“RECOVERY” SUCCESSES

EXAMPLE: NATIONS ADJACENT TO INDIAN OCEAN

TSUNAMI

DECEMBER 26, 2004

NATIONS AT RISK FROM TSUNAMISNATIONS AT RISK FROM TSUNAMIS

THE INDIAN-OCEAN NATIONS NEEDED TO BE READY FOR:

• TSUNAMI WAVE RUN UP • COASTAL AREAS INUNDATED AND

ERODED• BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE

IN COASTAL AREAS DAMAGED WITH LOSSES OF FUNCTION

• 200,000 + DEATHS AND INJURIES• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS

DECEMBER 26, 2004 INDONESIA EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI DISASTER

• TRIGGERED BY A SHALLOW, M 9.0 EARTHQUAKE LOCATED 155 MILES FROM SUMATRA

• 10 M TSUNAMI WAVES WITH RUNUP OF ABOUT 2 MILES DEVASTATED SHORE LINES OF 12 NATIONS

• NO EARLY WARNING• 0VER 200,000 PEOPLE KILLED

DECEMBER 26, 2004 INDONESIA EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI DISASTER

• MILLIONS DISPLACED FROM HOMES• BILLIONS OF DOLLARS NEEDED FOR

RECONSTRUCTION• INTERNATIONAL AID COORDINATED

BY INDIA, AUSTRALIA, JAPAN, AND USA

CONCLUSIONTHE INDIAN-OCEAN NATIONS WERE

“EARLY WARNING” AND “EMERGENCY RESPONSE”

FAILURES

“RECOVERY” SUCCESSES?? (due to limited areas of impact

in each nation)

EXAMPLE: THE PHILIPPINES

2013 TYPHOON SEASON

THE PHILIPPINES

THE PHILIPPINES NEEDED TO BE READY FOR:

• LANDFALL OF TROPICAL STORMS, TYPHOONS, AND A POSSIBLE SUPER TYPHOON, WHICH HAPPENED 11/08/13

• FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES• BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE

DAMAGED WITH LOSSES OF FUNCTION

• DEATHS AND INJURIES• ECONOMIC LOSSES IN BILLIONS

LANDFALL ON FRIDAY MORNING, NOV. 8, 2013

FOUR HOURS OF FEAR AND DESTRUCTION

• Winds flattened hundreds of homes,• Heavy rainfall triggered mudslides and

flash flooding.• A storm surge with waves of up to 10 m

(30 feet) destroyed everything, sweeping people away and drowning thousands.

• Authorities said almost 800,000 people were evacuated to emergency shelters.

INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Wide spread flooding, mudslides, and power outages

• Winds of 380 kph (290 mph)• TACLOBAN hit very hard by the

storm surge with many deaths• Tacloban’s airport destroyed

INITIAL IMPACTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

• Loss of communication• Estimates of up to 10,000

people dead• Economic losses in the billions

AN EVACUATION CENTER

DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

DESTRUCTION EVERYWHERE

USA MILITARY FORCES DISPATCHED TO ASSIST THE PHILIPPINES IN WHAT HAS

BECOME A HISTORIC RELIEF EFFORT

CONCLUSIONTHE PHILIPPINES WERE “EARLY

WARNING” SUCCESSES, BUT “PREPAREDNESS” AND

“EMERGENCY RESPONSE” FAILURES**

“RECOVERY” IS STILL UNDERWAY

**RATED AS PROBABLY THE STRONGEST TYPHOON EVER TO

STRIKE THE PHILIPPINES

SO, COST-EFFECTIVE “EMERGENCY RESPONSE” PROBABLY

IMPOSSIBLE FOR ANY NATION

CONCLUSIONEVERY YEAR, EVERY NATION HAS

DOZENS OF “WINDOWS OF OPPORTUNITY” AFTER A NATURAL

HAZARD STRIKES TO USE THE UPDATED BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE

FOR INNOVATIVE CAPACITY BUILDING OF ALL FIVE PILLARS