Introduction to the European Union

Prof. Brian Butler

PART #4

INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND

Prof. Brian David Butler

About: Brian Butler is a professor of International Finance and European Studies with Forum-Nexus Study Abroad, an academic program which is co-sponsored by the IQS Business School of the Ramon Llull University in Barcelona, and the Catholic University of Milan.  Brian was previously a teacher at the Thunderbird School of Global Management, MBA program in Miami, and was a researcher at the Columbia Business School in New York.  He previously worked for Honda of America Manufacturing in Ohio, and was involved in international trade. A global citizen, Brian was born in Canada, raised in Switzerland (where he attended international British school), educated in the U.S., started his career with a Japanese company, moved to New, married a Brazilian, and has traveled extensively in Latin America, Asia, Europe and North America. Brian currently lives in Recife, Brazil where he is teaching classes at the university FBV.

briandbutler@gmail.com

LinkedIn.com/in/briandbutler

www.globotrends.com

www.GloboTrends.com

www.globotrends.com

Lecture Schedule*

* Does not include professional visits, *Subject to change, modification without warning

Sun 26th- Barcelona (Int’l IQ – Hugo & Dr. Carlos)

Mon 27th - Barcelona (guest lecture + Int’l IQ)

Tues 28th- Barcelona (BB lecture )

Wed 29th- Barcelona (BB lecture)

Train to Paris Thur 30th- Int’l IQ + Paris tourFri 31st - Paris (BB lecture)

New Year’s EveFree Weekend

Mon 3rd - Paris (BB lecture + IQ)

Bus to GenevaWed 5th - Interlaken (BB lecture)

Bus to Venice . Fri 7th - Venice EXAM midterm

Sat 8th – On Boat (BB lecture + IQ)

Sun 9th- On Boat (BB lecture)

Mon 10th- Athens (BB lecture)

Tue 11th - Athens (BB lecture + IQ)

Bus/ Train to Istanbul

Thu 13th - Istanbul (BB lecture)

Fri 14th - Istanbul (BB lecture + IQ)

. Sat 15th - Final EXAM

Lecture Schedule*

• Students responsible for content from:

a) Prof. Brian’s lecturesb) Guest lecturesc) Group discussions during classd) Student presentations during classe) International IQ sessions (including map)f) Professional Visitsg) Assigned readings – book + supplemental

readings

•Notes:• Exam questions may come from any of these sources• Recommended exam review – pay attention to my lectures. If

there is something I think is important from professional visits, or international IQ sessions, or from the book…we will try to review it again in class.

Question:

Which Western European countries are NOT part of the EU?

3 important Western European countries:

1. Switzerland2. Finland3. Iceland

Question – why is Switzerland not a member?

Basic Info

Helvetia, how the country was called in ancient times

Population: 7.3 million.GNI per capita PPP: $ 33 168Religions: Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant

33%, Muslim 4.3%, others 5.4%, no religion 11%.

Languages: German 63.7%, French 20.4%, Italian 6.5%, Romansch 0.5%, are official languages, other 9.4%.

Literacy: 100%. 

http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/switzerland.htm

Good fighters

Swiss mercenaries continued for centuries to serve in other armies; the Swiss Guard of the Pope is a vestige of this tradition.

Neutrality

Why?Cross-roads of EuropeBetween empires

Roman (Italy) Holy Roman Empire (Germany) Charlemagne (France / Germany) Napoleon Hitler Hapsburg (Austrian)

Success fighting Hapsburg’s, loss vs Napoleon

Neutrality

The Cold War enhanced the role of neutral Switzerland and offered the country a way out of its diplomatic isolation after World War II. Economically, Switzerland integrated itself into the American-led Western postwar order, but it remained reluctant to enter supranational bodies. Switzerland did not for many decades join the United Nations, even though Geneva became host to the UN's European headquarters and the country played an active role in many of the UN's specialized agencies. 

http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Switzerland-history.htm

Neutrality

Switzerland also remained aloof in the face of European integration efforts, waiting until 1963 to join the Council of Europe. It still remains outside the European Union. Instead, Switzerland in 1960 helped form the European Free Trade Area, which did not strive for political union. Following the Cold War, Switzerland joined the Bretton Woods institutions in 1992 and finally became a member of the United Nations in 2002.

http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Switzerland-history.htm

Switzerland - languages

Switzerland – landscapes

Wider integration

Geographic expansion

Who remembers…

Review of International IQ lecture by Dr. Hervitz …

Questions:How many countries are in the EU

today?Who were the founding countries?In which year did the others join?

Simple way to remember:

Founded- in the 50's

3 rounds - '73, '81 and '86

end of cold war - '89-'91

3 more rounds- '95, '04 and '07

Founder Countries of EEC

1958

Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

Question:

* what happened in Europe 10 years before?

Simple way to remember:

Founded - in the 50's ‘50 - Treaty of Paris - '57 - Treaty of Rome - 6 founding members of the EEC

- European Economic Community  -  BENELUX + France + W. Germany + Italy

1st enlargement:

1973

1958

1973

Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

Question:

* Why did UK wait so long?

Simple way to remember:

3 rounds - '73, '81 and '86'73 -

UK (finally admitted after 2 failed attempts), 

Ireland (tied to the UK), and Denmark (also lots of trade with the UK)

2nd Enlargement:

1981

1958

1973

1981

Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

Question:

* What happened in Greece just before 1981?

Simple way to remember:

3 rounds - '73, '81 and '86'73 -

UK (finally admitted after 2 failed attempts), 

Ireland (tied to the UK), and Denmark (also lots of trade with the UK)

'81 -  Greece (after fall of dictatorship in '70s)

3rd Enlargement:

1986

1958

1973

19861981

Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

Question:

* What happened in Spain & Portugal just before 1986?

Simple way to remember:

3 rounds - '73, '81 and '86 '73 -

UK (finally admitted after 2 failed attempts), 

Ireland (tied to the UK), and Denmark (also lots of trade with the UK)

'81 -  Greece (after fall of dictatorship in '70s)

'86 -  Spain & Portugal (after fall of Franco's

dictatorship in '70s)

Notes about Spain…

Spain dictatorship ‘36-75 (approx 40 years)

Catalonia (Barcelona) – language repressed, culture

Nowadays… calls for greater autonomy

4th Enlargement:

1995

1958

1973

1995

19861981

Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

Question:

* What happened in Europe around 1989 -91?

Simple way to remember:

End of cold war - '89 - Berlin Wall comes down'91 - USSR collapse

Simple way to remember:

3 more rounds -  '95, '04 and '07'95 - three "neutral" countries from

cold war (neither aligned with West, nor with USSR) Austria Sweden Finland (not Norway!... who says "no way" to the EU in referendum)

5th Enlargement:

2004

Cyprus

Malta

1958

1973

1995

2004

19861981

Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

Question:

•What happened in Europe around 1999-02?

•What about the US in ‘01?

Simple way to remember:

3 more rounds -  '95, '04 and '07 '04 - the BIG one - 10 new countries join -- 8

former communist + 2 islands  easy way to remember;  3 big ones, 3 

"Twins"- Slovenia & Slovakia (similar sounding names, flags, and sized countries... both of which later joined the Eurozone)

"Triplets" - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania  (the three Baltic States  countries that used to apart of USSR, just north of Poland, near St. Petersburg Russia)

"Big ones" - Poland, Czech Republic, HungarySmall Islands -  Cyprus, Malta

6th Enlargement:

2007

Cyprus

Malta

1958

1973

1995

2004

19861981

2007

Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

Question:

•Why didn’t Romania & Bulgaria join in 2004 with all the rest?

Simple way to remember:

3 more rounds -  '95, '04 and '07'07 - the two Eastern European countries that didn't get in in '04 Romania Bulgaria (weren't ready in '04, so  just in '07)

Simple way to remember:

Founded- in the 50's

3 rounds - '73, '81 and '86

end of cold war - '89-'91

3 more rounds- '95, '04 and '07