Post on 12-Apr-2017
New$Planning$Forms:$the$AestheMcs$of$Resilience$
MaShijs$Bouw,$One$Architecture$&$PennDesign$$Amale$Andraos,$Dean,$Columbia$University$GSAPP$
Marilyn$Jordan$Taylor,$PennDesign$Henk$Ovink,$InternaMonal$Water$Affairs,$Kingdom$of$the$
Netherlands!
MaShijs$Bouw,$One$Architecture$&$PennDesign$$
The Aesthetics of Resilience Matthijs Bouw founding principal One Architecture Rockefeller Urban Resilience Fellow, PennDesign/University of Pennsylvania bouw@onearchitecture.nl @matthijsbouw
“Er valt niets te ontwerpen” Jan de Heer, 1978 (“there is nothing to design”)
Jean Renaudie, Ivry-sur-Seine Housing
Aldo van Eyck, Orphanage
N.J. Habraken
Aldo van Eyck
Aldo van Eyck, Nieuwmarkt Playground
Architecture might have been the dominant art form of the 20th century, when the world was organized through space and through territory. In the 21st century our world is as much organized by the digital domain, (social-) systems and by abstract codes. The organizational depth of our society has drastically increased: multi-technologies on top of multi-actors. Architecture (and the architect) can still have an integrative, politically effective role as long as it accepts itself as part of this multiplicity. Architects should develop the aesthetic tools to create room and flexibility for others to engage.
1: We need to link the small scale of the implementable project or the prototype to the big picture
Arcadis, proposal for NY Flood protection
THE BIG U
FEMA FLOOD ZONE
THE BIG U - RESILIENT NEIGHBORHOODS
THE BIG U - RESILIENT NEIGHBORHOODS
THE BIG U - RESILIENT NEIGHBORHOODS
THE BIG U - FROM BIG U TO SMALL Us
SMALLER Us MEANS SMALLER AREAS AND MANAGEABLE SCALES!
THE BIG U - EAST SIDE COASTAL RESILIENCY (ESCR)
COMPARTMENTS CAN BE DEVELOPED SEPARATELY AS FUNDING BECOMES AVAILABLE
THE BIG U - EAST SIDE COASTAL RESILIENCY (ESCR)
SMALLER Us ALLOW BETTER COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
THE BIG U - EAST SIDE COASTAL RESILIENCY (ESCR)
SMALLER Us GET BETTER SUPPORT FROM LOCAL PLAYERS
THE BIG U - EAST SIDE COASTAL RESILIENCY (ESCR)
SMALL Us BLEND IN BETTER WITH ONGOING EFFORTS
THE BIG U – BUILDING UP FROM SMALL Us
SMALLER Us GROW INTO LARGER Us AT A MANAGEABLE PACE !
THE BIG U - LOWER MANHATTAN COASTAL RESILIENCY (LMCR)
THE BIG U - LOWER MANHATTAN COASTAL RESILIENCY (LMCR)
THE BIG U - LOWER MANHATTAN COASTAL RESILIENCY (LMCR)
THE BIG U - ACHIEVING GRAND VISION
OMA, XDGA, One Architecture, Les Halles
OMA, XDGA, One Architecture, Les Halles
2. We need to rethink our aesthetic control so that others can engage and a project can adapt while maintaining the solace of cohesion
Aravena, Elemental Housing
O. Kalandarashvili, Hotel Iveria, Tbilisi
MVRDV, Silodam
Lucien Kroll, St. Pierre en Voluwe
Alvar Aalto, Muuratsalo House
One Architecture, Jozef Community Health Care Center
One Architecture, Jozef Community Health Care Center
OMA, Fondazione Prada
3. We need to visually incorporate systems and processes into the projects
One Architecture, Salzburg Stiegl ASK Masterplan
Studio Nine Dots, Delva, One Architecture a.o., Buiksloterham
VergistingsinstallatieNutriënten verwijderingGrijswater bufferBio-gas opslag
1234
1
2
34
vaccuümtank
zwart water
Drijvend zwembad ?
BrouwerijMushroom bedsBlack Solder FlyStadskasKas RestaurantAquaponics ComposterNEREDA
Helofytenfilter ?
?
One Architecture, study for bio-refinery Buiksloterham
Amale$Andraos,$Dean,$Columbia$University$
GSAPP$
49 Cities, Second Edition
Plug%Out(
Aqualoop(Shenzhen%Honk(Kong(Biennale(2011(
The(Obsedian(House,(93(Reade(St(Knightsbridge(ProperDes(
Infoodstructure, Brooklyn
PUBLIC FARM 1 @ PS1 / MoMA
EDIBLE SCHOOLYARD @ PS216, BROOKLYN
PARKING(
PS((216(
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AVE.(X(
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NATURE-CITY, OREGON
EBENEEZER HOWARD: GARDEN CITY, 1902(
5X TYPICAL SUBURBAN DENSITY
+ 3X TYPICAL OPEN SPACE
= NATURE-CITY
ANIMAL HABITATS
SHARED LANDSCAPES
INFRASTRUCTURE
WEIFANG UNIVERSITY CAMPUS, CHINA (SCAPE, SLAB, STUDIO ZHU PEI, WORKac)
Marilyn$Jordan$Taylor,$PennDesign$
chr
ChekLapKokAirport
Ramon Eduardo, Owner Il Forno Bakery
Wanda Salaman, Mothers on the Move
Tanya Fields, The BLK Projek
Ralph Acevedo, Community Board 2
Charles “Sippi” White, Retired Teamster
Edwin Morales, Foreman, Nathel and Nathel
Stephen Smith + Darius Davis, local youth project
Darius Davis, local youth project
Interview and youth-led video projects to capture views of community members with different interests and vantage points
ThestaticmasterplannolongerservesusStrategicvisionismulti-dimensionalandmulti-authoredProjectsare“real-time”experimentsThebusinessplaniskeytomovingtheprojectforwardResiliencewithflourishinacultureofmutualinvestment
Henk$Ovink,$InternaMonal$Water$
Affairs,$Kingdom$of$the$Netherlands$
Design and politics
CRISES COMPLEXITY
yesterday today tomorrow day after
yesterday today tomorrow day after
CRISES COMPLEXITY
“NOSTALGIA TRAPS” Woody Allen at Cannes 2011
Houston We Have A Problem ! When design professionals no longer know why they are designing, when policymakers are driven forward by their own momentum rather than targets and objectives, when process gains the upper hand and the challenges (despite their clarity) are not embraced, then the content loses out. Then passing fads, procedures, and reactivity become our guiding principles. But the challenges we face are too great, too manifest, and too pressing for us to let that happen.
Yenisey
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna
Aral Sea
Volga
Ob
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Han
Salween
Mekong
La Plata
Amazon
OrinocoRio Grande
Mississippi
Saint Lawrence
Nelson-Saskatchewan
YukonScheldt Rhine
Danube
Niger
Congo
Nile
Jordan Tigris-Euphrates
Indus
Circle size indicates the number of
hostile events in each basin.
The color of each international river basin indicates the total number of interactions there from 1990 to 2008.
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0DS�UHSURGXFHG�IURP�WKH June 2014 issue of Popular Science courtesy of Katie Peek. Data visualization by Pitch Interactive.
0DS�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�7UDQVERXQGDU\�)UHVKwater Dispute Database by the Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University.
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HOTSPOTS
1
By the end of 2015, Turkey expects to complete the Ilisu Dam on the Tigris River, part of a national push to boost electrical power capacity. Besides submerging the 12,000-year-old settlement of Hasankeyf, the dam may damage the already fragile Mesopotamian marshes downstream in Iraq, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland withdrew funding for the dam in 2009.
2
Tajikistan is planning the Rogun hydroelectric dam on a tributary of the Amu Darya river. The dam would be the tallest in the World and help alleviate the country’s energy shortages. Uzbekistan, fearing irrigation shortfalls, has imposed tariffs and travel restrictions on its neighbor to the east.
3
In 2011, Ethiopia began building the Grand Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile, a tributary that provides about 60 percent of the Nile’s water. Egypt and Sudan are concerned about the dam’s effect on water flow downriver. Ethiopia UC[U�KV�YKNN�ƒPKUJ�VJG�project in 2017.
4
In a channel of the Mekong two miles north of the Cambodian border, Laos intends to construct the Don Sahong Dam. The power project could affect ƒUJKPI�KP�%CODQFKC� Vietnam, and Thailand, so those countries are demanding a say in the plan.
HEAT MAP Where is the highest risk of water conflict?
WATER:�$�PDS�RQ�FRQȠOLFW�DQG�FRRSHUDWLRQ7KLV�PDS�VKRZV�DOPRVW�������LQFLGHQWV�UHODWHG�WR�FRQȠOLFW�DQG�FRRSHUDWLRQ�in transboundary basins that took place between 1990 and 2008. The coloured circles include an additional 200 disputes over resources other than shared water resources. Overall, there were approximately twice as many FRRSHUDWLYH�HYHQWV�DV�FRQȠOLFWXDO�HYHQWV�GXULQJ�WKLV�SHULRG��&LUFOH�VL]H�GRHV�QRW�DXWRPDWLFDOO\�WUDQVODWH�LQWR�FRQȠOLFW�GDQJHU��DV�WKH�FLUFOHV�LOOXVWUDWH�WKH�
total number of events with varying degree of hostility. However, when external HYHQWV�RYHUZKHOP�LQVWLWXWLRQDO�FRSLQJ�PHFKDQLVPV��FRQȠOLFW�becomes dangerous (Wolf et al. 2003)��7KLV�LV�UHȠOHFWHG�LQ�WKH�KRWVSRWV�RQ�WKH�map, ZKLFK�FRLQFLGH�ZLWK�UHJLRQV�ZKHUH�UHVLOLHQW�FRQȠOLFW�UHVROXWLRQ�PHFK�anisms are DEVHQW��,Q�WKH�'DQXEH�5LYHU�EDVLQ��IRU�H[DPSOH��FRQȠOLFWXDO�HYHQWV�were mitigated by the presence of strong cooperation incentives, embedded in the process of European integration (Pohl et al. 2014).
1–2
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3–6 7–15 46+16–45
Water threats’ business case…
Image Kadir van Lohuizen
Image Kadir van Lohuizen
Figure 2: The Global Risks Interconnections Map 2016
State collapse or crisis
Unemployment or
underemployment
Asset bubble
Deflation
Failure of financial mechanism
or institution
Failure of critical
infrastructure
Fiscal crises
Illicit trade
Energy price shock
Unmanageable inflation
Extreme weather events
Failure of climate-change
Biodiversity loss and
ecosystem collapse
Natural catastrophes
Man-made environmental
catastrophes
Failure of national governanceInterstate conflict
Terrorist attacks
Weapons of mass destruction
Failure of urban planning
Food crises
Large-scaleinvoluntary migration
Profound social instability
Spread of infectious diseases
Water crises
Adverse consequences of
technological advances
Critical informationinfrastructure breakdown
Cyberattacks
mitigation and adaptation
Data fraud or theft
Source: Global Risks Perception Survey 2015.Note: Survey respondents were asked to identify between three and six pairs of global risks they believe to be most interconnected. See Appendix B for more details. To ensure legibility, the names of the global risks are abbreviated; see Appendix A for the full name and description.
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
4.87average
4.76average
Data fraudor theft
Asset bubble
Deflation
Failure of financial mechanism or institution
Failure of criticalinfrastructure
Fiscal crises
Unemployment orunderemployment
Illicit trade
Energy price shock
Unmanageable inflation
Extreme weather events
Biodiversity loss and
ecosystem collapse
Natural catastrophes
Man-made environmentalcatastrophes
Failure of national governance
Interstate conflict
Terrorist attacks
State collapse or crisis
Weapons of mass destruction
Failure of urban planning
Food crises
Large-scale involuntarymigration
Profound social instabilitySpread of infectious diseases
Water crises
Adverse consequences oftechnological advances
Critical informationinfrastructure breakdown
Cyberattacks
Failure of climate-changemitigation and adaptation failure of climate change
adaptation and mitigation
large scale involuntary migration
water crises
climate change
biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse
extreme weather events
natural catastrophes
man made environmental catastrophes
WEF Global Risks 2016, 11th Edition
URGENCY INTERDEPENDENCY
Risks, uncertainties and opportunities
SPECIFIC FOCUS: ALLIANCES
LONG TERM & COMPREHENSIVE
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
• Politics • Governance • Finance • Policy • Regulations • Network
• Enabling State
• BCA • Monitoring • Evaluation • Transparency • Accountability
• ¥€$ • PPP
FUNDING / ¥€$ PPP
COLLABORATION INCLUSIVE
• Inclusive • Collaborative • Innovative • Participatory • Communicative
• Energetic Society
Projects / Innovative
Programmatic
TRANSFORMATIVE APPROACH
Design
AMBITION
OPPORTUNITYTECHNIQUE
win - win
public
suppor
t faster & b
etter
LONG TERM & COMPREHENSIVE
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
• Politics • Governance • Finance • Policy • Regulations • Network
• Enabling State
• BCA • Monitoring • Evaluation • Transparency • Accountability
• ¥€$ • PPP
FUNDING / ¥€$ PPP
COLLABORATION INCLUSIVE
• Inclusive • Collaborative • Innovative • Participatory • Communicative
• Energetic Society
Projects / Innovative
ProgrammaticAMBITION
OPPORTUNITYTECHNIQUE
win - win
public
suppor
t faster & b
etter
MERGE…
MAKING POLITICS
AMBITION
OPPORTUNITYTECHNIQUE
win - win
public
suppor
t faster & b
etter
re-design of the institutional
execution, implementation and development
NO SHOW
NARRATIVE
Mark Wallinger, National Galerie Berlin 2007
SAFE PLACE
COMPLEX SITUATION
ASSESS PROBLEM
FORM GOVERNMENT
TASK FORCE
IDENTIFY PHILANTHROPIC
FUNDING
SELECT PARTNERS
CALL FOR TALENT
BUILD RESEARCH ADVISORY GROUP
FUN
DIN
G A
NN
OU
NC
ED
FIN
AL P
UBL
IC E
XHIB
ITIO
N
SELECT TALENT
WORK WITH GOVERNMENT
PARTNERS
FORM WORKING GROUPS & SHARE
KNOWLEDGE
INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH & INVESTIGATIONS
LECTURES, SITE VISITS, WORKSHOPS
CRITIQUEDESIGNS
COMMUNITY OUTREACH
COMPILE RESEARCH REPORT
DESIGN PROPOSAL SELECTION
PUBLIC EXHIBITION OF IDEAS
ROUNDTABLES
DESIGN REFINEMENT
COMMUNITY WORKSHOPS
PUBLIC EVENTS
TEST AND DESIGN APPROACHES
ANALYZE STAKEHOLDERS BUILD
COALITIONS
FUNDING ALLOCATED
ON GOINGENGAGEMENT
DESIGN REFINEMENT
BEGINCONSTRUCTION
The Task Force and their core group of advisors and staff created a unique structure for the competition. A series of stages was established that would orient the design process around in-depth research, cross-sector and cross-professional collaboration, and iterative design development. The design process incorporated a variety of inputs to ensure that each stage’s deliverables were based on the best knowledge and talent, and that the final proposals would be replicable, regional, and implementable.
Objective Gather the talent of the world to work with the talent of the Sandy-affected region.
Process The Task Force issues a Request for Qualifications calling for teams to assemble themselves in interdisciplinary partnerships to tackle the region’s physical and social vulnerabilities.
To incentivize participation, the federal government pledges funding to implement the winning designs while private philanthropy pledges prize money for competitors.
Result Ten finalist design teams are selected comprising a diverse and complementary skill sets and approaches.
Objective Establish the broadest possible understanding of the region’s vulnerabilities to climate events to enhance resilience.
Process Rebuild by Design’s local partner organizations create an intensive, three-month program of field research to introduce teams to a variety of local stakeholders, providing a comprehensive view of the storm’s effects—the damage it created as well as the longstanding problems it uncovered or exacer-bated. A Research Advisory Board
leads the teams through the region to learn from a variety of perspec-tives, and teams conduct additional research to supplement this on-the-ground work. Research is collaborative across teams and focuses on typologies as well as locations.
Result A research report and public presentation from each team that includes three to five “design opportunities” describing concep-tual approaches for interventions.
Objective Develop implementable solutions that have support from local communities and governments.
Process A jury selects approximately one design opportunity for each team to fully develop. Teams then gather diverse local stakeholders into community coalitions, with whom they begin a four-month process of co-designing the final intervention. Using meetings, colloquia, charettes,
and non-traditional events to gain the broadest perspectives, they create solutions than address not only disaster scenarios, but enrich the daily life of community members.
Result Ten fully developed, imple-mentable resilience proposals that champion communities’ visions for future development, and have support from the community and the backing of local governments.
Objective Governments and community stakeholders work together to build the projects.
Process HUD transfers disaster recovery funds to City and State Governments to implement the first stages of the winning designs. Teams work with them to further refine the interventions and proceed with permits and environmental impact
assessments leading to construction. HUD sets strong guidelines for community involvement to ensure that the coalitions formed during the competition continue to be involved through implementation.
Result A more resilient region achieved through collaboration and design.
TALENT
DESIGN
IMPLEMENTATION
RESEARCH
1
3
4
21
Designing a Process
PROCESS & PLACE - SABBATICAL DETOUR MODEL
RESILIENCE FRAME - NECESSITY by design
yesterday today tomorrow the day after
DESIGN AND INNOVATION IN PLANNING PROCES
CHANGING ROLES FOR ALL ACTORS
TALENT MEETS TALENT
COLLABORATION!
1122#$#the#first#collabora0on#started#in#the#Utrecht#area,#where#20#communi0es#worked#
together#on#the#local#embankment
INCLUSIVE LEADERSHIP
65
Asbury Park Capacity-Building: The City of Asbury Park
HUD Rebuild by Design | HR&A Advisors with Cooper, Robertson & Partners
Launch June 20 2013
Select 10 Teams August 8 2013
Present Research and opportunities October 28 2013
Present final designs April 3 2014
Research DesignCompete Implement
Select 6 winners June 2 2014
“This is not about making a plan, this is about changing the culture.”
QUITO, ECUADOR® Santiago CornejoQUITO, ECUADOR© Ammit Jack
HABITAT I
Istanbul 1996World leaders adopted the Habitat Agenda as a
global plan of action for adequate shelter for all, with the notion of sustainable human settlements
driving development in an urbanizing world. a. Cities are the engines of global growth;
b. Urbanization is an opportunity, c. Call for a stronger role of local authorities and
d. Recognition of the power of participation.
Vancouver 1976
HABITAT II
Governments, private sector, international organizations,
academia, professionals and CSO reaffirm the commitment to
integrate urban equity into the development agenda.
Outcome: the Medellín Declaration
Medellín, April 2014
WUF7URBAN FORUM
NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND WORLD URBAN FORUMS
Governments recognize the need for sustainable human settlements and sustainable urbanization.
22,000Participants
URBAN EQUITY
New York, September 17 - 18, 2014
PREPCOM2 Nairobi, April 14 - 17, 2015
PREPCOM1
ENGAGEMENT Ensuring inclusive participation, engaging
partnerships, advocacy to raise awareness and build consensus towards the New Urban Agenda.
• General Assembly of Partners • National and Local Urban Campaigns
• Preparatory process for the II World Assembly of Local Authorities
• Urban Journalism Academies• Together Towards HIII– Global Survey
Securing renewed political commitment. Addressing action for new challenges.
HIGH LEVEL REGIONAL & THEMATIC MEETINGS
Mobilization of high-level expertise to develop independent policy recommendations on sustainable urban development
POLICY
Capturing, creating, organizing and disseminating
knowledge towards the New Urban Agenda.
NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND GLOBAL REPORTS
ISSUE PAPERSThe Issue Papers providein depth review and analysis of specific issues relevant to the discussions of the Conference.Check out the Issue Papers on habitat3.org
A series of e-discussions with the aim to gather views from all interested players to bring forward new and emerging thinking on urban issues. Thematic Consultations 6-31 July 2015
HABITAT III URBAN DIALOGUES
KNOWLEDGE
POLICY UNITS
URBAN OCTOBER
SDG - GOAL 11: SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON CLIMATE CHANGE (COP21/CMP11)
YOU ARE HERE
ZERO DRAFT DOCUMENT
PREPCOM3Surabaya, July 25 - 27, 2016
Urbanization is an endogenous source of sustainable development as well as a
tool for social integration and equity.
NEW URBAN AGENDA
WELCOME TO QUITO
LEGACY
Local Governments joint-message towards the New Urban Agenda
April 2016
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The Power of Yes, David Hare, London 2009
not about making a plan but about changing the culture
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