Palm lndustry

Group 5

Members of Group 5

Ayu RIsmiyanti Khairunisa

Muhamad LuthfiMuhamad SumantriNurazizah InayatiParmitha Utami

PujiRahmawati Nur

OUT LINE• Introduction

• Result of Palm• Development of

Palm Industry• Palm Oil Industry

• Pottency of Palm Oil Industry

1

Kingdom Plants

Division Magnoliophyta

Class Liliopsida

Ordo Arecales

Family Arecaceae

species Elaeis

Introduction

2

Species of Palm

Elaeis guineensis from Africa

Elaeis oleifera from America

13

Physical Properties of Oil Palm

Compound leaf

Stem of Oil Palm

Palm

4

Fundamental Oil Palm constitutes endosperm and embryos with high-grade fundamental obstetric oil.

Kernel Palm Oil obtained from endosperm (kernel) of palm.

5

Breeding of Palm

6

GENERATIVE

POLLINATIONFERTILIZATIO

N

germinate

Breeding of Palm

6

EMBRYO

PLUMULA RADICLE

Map of Palm Trees Plantation in Indonesia

Source : BKPM 8

Kementrian Pertanian, 2010

Development of Palm Industry

• Palm oil is one of source that earn foreign exchange in indonesia.

• The development of the sub-sectors of palm oil plantations in Indonesia can not be separated from government policiesespecially the ease in terms of licensing and investment subsidies for plantation development people with PIR-Bun and the opening of new areas for the areaprivate estates.

11

Palm Oil Industry

12

Palm Oil

Palm oil products as having two aspects of food quality.• The first aspect relates to the quantity and

quality of fatty acids, moisture and levels of impurities.

• The second aspect relates to the taste, aroma and clarity as well as purity of the product.

13

Quality Standar of Palm Oil

• Free fatty acid• Water• Iodium• Peroxide• Iron• Colour

Component Max.

Free fatty acid 3%

Water 0,2%

Iodium 50 gram

Peroxide 0,05%

Iron 5 ppm

Colour Orange

14

Chemical Composition of Palm Oil Tryglycerides Quantity (%)

Palmito-Dioleine 32-48Oleo-Dipalmitine 21-43

Oleo-Palmitostearine 10-11Linoleo-Dioleine 3-12

Tripalmitine 3-5Dipalmito-Stearine 1-3

Stearo-Dioleine 0-6Oleo- Miristopalmitine 0-5

16

Chemical Composition of Palm Oil

• glycerol Fatty acid tryglicerides water

15

Palm Oil Refining Process

17

19

Heat treatment destroys oil-splitting enzymes and arrests hydrolysis and autoxidation.

Fruit cooking weakens the pulp structure. When high-pressure steam is used for sterilization, the

heat causes the moisture in the nuts to expand. To ensure evacuation of air from the sterilizer.

PALM OIL PROCESSING STERILIZATION

19

PALM OIL PROCESSING THRESHING

At this step, the

separating of fruits

from bunch by

mechanical

stripping using

rotary drum,with

rotation speed of

23-25 rpm.

19

PALM OIL PROCESSING DIGESTION

The digester commonly used consists of a

steam-heated cylindrical vessel fitted with a

central rotating shaft carrying a number of beater

(stirring) arms.

to reduce the viscosity of the oil, destroys the

fruits’ outer covering (exocarp), and completes

the disruption of the oil cells already begun in the

sterilization phase.

19

PALM OIL PROCESSING PRESSING

The fruits that already crushed

inserted into the pressing tool

(screw press).

The process to get the crude oil

from the mesocarp.

Obtained from this process crude oil, pulp, and seeds.

Seeds were mixed with the fiber will be put into the cake breaker conveyor

apparatus to be separated between the seed and fiber.

19

PALM OIL PROCESSING CLARIFICATION (1)

The main point of clarification is to

separate the oil from it’s entrained

impurities.

The resulting crude oil must be

refined.

Prevents deterioration of the oil

due to hydrolysis and oxidation.

The process of separation of oil,

water, and dirt carried by the

deposition system, centrifugation,

and evaporation.

19

PALM OIL PROCESSING CLARIFICATION (2)

Vibrating Screen

Crude Oil Tank

Continous Clarifier Tank

Oil Tank Oil Purifier Vacum Drier

Storage Tank (CPO)

• Palm oil is one of source that earn foreign exchange in indonesia.

• The development of the sub-sectors of palm oil plantations in Indonesia can not be separated from government policiesespecially the ease in terms of licensing and investment subsidies for plantation development people with PIR-Bun and the opening of new areas for the areaprivate estates.

Development of Palm Oil

20

Other Benefits of Palm Oil

Another benefit of the palm oil industry, among others:

a. As an alternative fuel Biodieselb. As food livestock nutrition (shell processing results)c. As the compost material (shell processing results)d. As a basic ingredient other industries (soap industry, cosmetic industry, industrythe food)e. As a remedy for the content of vegetable oils with high prospectsf. As material particle board (dang stem midrib).

21

22

Pottency of Palm Oil

23

Products Export and Import

24

• Based on data from the Ministry of Agriculture (2012), Indonesian palm oil production amounted to 17.54 million tons in 2008 to 23.52 million tons in 2012, with average growth of 7.7% per year in the period 2008-2012.

• Palm oil produced in Indonesia fraction consumed domestically as raw material in the manufacture of cooking oil, oleochemical, soap, margarine, and most of the others are exported in the form of palm oil or crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel oil or Palm Kernel Oil (PKO).

25

The development of Indonesia's palm oil exports in 1991-2000 fluctuated, the export volume gradually, the land rose from 2001 until it reaches its highest point in 2009 and then dropped in 2010 with the value of a decrease of 966 681 kg.

26

ISSUES

24

• Palm oil dapat digunakan untuk banyak hal, contohnya sebagai minyak goreng, bahan bakar alternatif, bahan baku dasar di proses industri dan lainnya.

Conclusion

27

28