PAINT FAULTS, BITTINESSPAINT FAULTS, BITTINESS

INCLUSIONS, EITHER INCLUSIONS, EITHER AIRBORN OR FROM AIRBORN OR FROM THE PAINT ITSELF. THE PAINT ITSELF. COULD BE PARTIALLY COULD BE PARTIALLY CURED PAINT, OUT CURED PAINT, OUT OF SHELF LIFE.OF SHELF LIFE.

COATING FAULTS BLEEDINGCOATING FAULTS BLEEDING

THE SOLVENT FROM THE SOLVENT FROM THE TOP COAT THE TOP COAT SOFTENS THE UNDER SOFTENS THE UNDER LYING MATERIAL LYING MATERIAL AND ALLOWS IT TO AND ALLOWS IT TO PASS INTO AND PASS INTO AND THROUGH THE THROUGH THE LAYER, CAUSING LAYER, CAUSING DISCOLOURATION. DISCOLOURATION. BROWN FOR BROWN FOR BITUMEN, YELLOW BITUMEN, YELLOW FOR COAL TARS.FOR COAL TARS.

COATING FAULTS BLISTERINGCOATING FAULTS BLISTERING

BLISTERS CAN BE FILLED WITH GAS, BLISTERS CAN BE FILLED WITH GAS, LIQUID OR CRYSTALSLIQUID OR CRYSTALS

COATING FAULTS CHALKINGCOATING FAULTS CHALKING

DEGRADATION OF A DEGRADATION OF A BINDER DUE TO BINDER DUE TO DISRUPTIVE FACTORS DISRUPTIVE FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENTIN THE ENVIRONMENT

COATING FAULTS CISSINGCOATING FAULTS CISSING

CAUSED BY CAUSED BY INADEQUATE INADEQUATE SURFACE SURFACE PREPARATION.PREPARATION.

A DIFFERENCE IN A DIFFERENCE IN SURFACE ENERGY SURFACE ENERGY CAUSES LOCAL LACK OF CAUSES LOCAL LACK OF ADHESION.ADHESION.

COATING FAULTS CRACKINGCOATING FAULTS CRACKING

COATING AGE AND COATING AGE AND DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSIONEXPANSION

COATING FAULTS CRATERINGCOATING FAULTS CRATERING

BOWL SHAPED BOWL SHAPED DEPRESSIONS. CAUSED DEPRESSIONS. CAUSED BY ESCAPING SOLVENT BY ESCAPING SOLVENT OR GASES. PAINT IS OF OR GASES. PAINT IS OF TOO LOW A VISCOSITY TOO LOW A VISCOSITY TO FLOW AND FILL THE TO FLOW AND FILL THE DEPRESSIONSDEPRESSIONS

COATING FAULTS CURTAINS, SAGS, RUNS AND TEARSCOATING FAULTS CURTAINS, SAGS, RUNS AND TEARS

CAUSED BY OVER CAUSED BY OVER APPLICATION. REMOVE APPLICATION. REMOVE OFFENDING EXCESS OFFENDING EXCESS MATERIAL, LIGHTLY MATERIAL, LIGHTLY ABRADE, RECOAT.ABRADE, RECOAT.

COATING FAULTS FLAKINGCOATING FAULTS FLAKING

MATERIAL MATERIAL PROGRESSIVELY PROGRESSIVELY GETS BRITTLE WITH GETS BRITTLE WITH AGE, CRACKS AND AGE, CRACKS AND BEGINS TO DETACHBEGINS TO DETACH

COATING FAULTS HOLIDAYSCOATING FAULTS HOLIDAYS

DEFINED AS BEING :DEFINED AS BEING :--A VOID, A MISS, OR A VOID, A MISS, OR AN UNCOATED AREAAN UNCOATED AREA

COATING FAULTS LIFTINGCOATING FAULTS LIFTING

CAUSED BY SOLVENT STRENGTH AND ALSO LACK OF CAUSED BY SOLVENT STRENGTH AND ALSO LACK OF OBSERVANCE OF STATED OVERCOATING TIMEOBSERVANCE OF STATED OVERCOATING TIME

ORANGE PEELORANGE PEEL

SIMILAR SIMILAR APPEARANCE TO A APPEARANCE TO A

CITRUS FRUIT SKINCITRUS FRUIT SKIN

CAUSED BY PAINT CAUSED BY PAINT VISCOSITY PROBLEMS VISCOSITY PROBLEMS

OR BY APPLICATOR OR BY APPLICATOR TECHNIQUETECHNIQUE

COATING FAULTS ROPINESSCOATING FAULTS ROPINESS

BRUSHMARKSBRUSHMARKS

ALGAE AND MOULD GROWTHALGAE AND MOULD GROWTH

COATING FAULTS WRINKLING AND COATING FAULTS WRINKLING AND RIVELLINGRIVELLING

QUANTITITIVE TESTS FOR HYGROSCOPIC SALTS

MERKOQUANT TEST BRESLE SAMPLE PATCH

SALTS DETECTION, BRESLE SAMPLE PATCH KITSALTS DETECTION, BRESLE SAMPLE PATCH KIT

COLOUR MUNSELL AND BS 4800COLOUR MUNSELL AND BS 4800L= LUMINANCE, CHROMAL= LUMINANCE, CHROMA

a= FROM GREEN TO REDa= FROM GREEN TO RED

b= FROM BLUE TO YELLOWb= FROM BLUE TO YELLOW

YELLOW THROUGH GREEN ,BLUEYELLOW THROUGH GREEN ,BLUE

PURPLE, RED AND BACK TO YELLOWPURPLE, RED AND BACK TO YELLOW

HEALTH AND SAFETY DRAGER TUBE AND BELLOWSHEALTH AND SAFETY DRAGER TUBE AND BELLOWS

DRAGER TUBE AND BELLOWSDRAGER TUBE AND BELLOWS

TO TEST THE AIR QUALITY WHEN USING SOLVENTSTO TEST THE AIR QUALITY WHEN USING SOLVENTS

VARYING CRYSTAL TYPES FOR DIFFERENT SOLVENTSVARYING CRYSTAL TYPES FOR DIFFERENT SOLVENTS

EXAMPLE : XYLENE EXAMPLE : XYLENE ((OEL: 100 ppmOEL: 100 ppm))RAQ: 500 RAQ: 500 CC CC (5 DEPRESSIONS) (5 DEPRESSIONS) CRYSTALS WILL CHANGE COLOUR, CRYSTALS WILL CHANGE COLOUR, (WHITE TO RED/BROWN)(WHITE TO RED/BROWN)TOXICITY LEVELS READ FROM THE SCALE ON THE TUBETOXICITY LEVELS READ FROM THE SCALE ON THE TUBE

RUST GRADES

RUST GRADES

BLASTING GRADES A Sa 2.5 and Sa 3

BLASTING GRADES B Sa 1 and Sa 2

BLASTING GRADES B Sa 2.5 and Sa 3

BLASTING GRADES, COMPARISONS

BLASTING GRADES C Sa 1 and Sa 2

BLASTING GRADES C Sa 2.5 and Sa 3

BLASTING GRADES D Sa 1 and Sa 2

BLASTING GRADES D Sa 2.5 and Sa 3

SURFACE PROFILE ASSESSMENT

SURFACE COMPARATOR TO BS 7079 Pt C, ISO 8503

SHOT BLAST COMPARATOR. NOT TO BE USED FOR SURFACE CLEANLINESS. ONLY FOR ASSESSMENT OF SHOT BLASTED SUBSTRATES. GRIT BLAST COMPARATOR CAN ALSO BE USED ON SUBSTRATES BLASTED WITH GRIT/SHOT MIX

DRY ABRASIVE BLASTING

MEASURING PRESSURE AT THE NOZZLE

HYPODERMIC NEEDLE

GAUGE

INSERT THE NEEDLE THROUGH THE HOSE WITH THE NEEDLE TOWARDS THE NOZZLE, AT AN ANGLE OF APP.

45 DEGREES

SURFACE PREPARATION

HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING B St 2 and St 3

SURFACE PREPARATION

HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING C St 2 and St 3

SURFACE PREPARATION

HAND AND POWER TOOL CLEANING D St 2 and St 3

SURFACE PREPARATION FLAME CLEANING

WHIRLING HYGROMETERWHIRLING HYGROMETER

PAINT TESTINGPAINT TESTING

DENSITYDENSITY THE DENSITY ( SG ) CUPTHE DENSITY ( SG ) CUP

PAINT TESTINGPAINT TESTINGHEGMAN GRIND GAUGEHEGMAN GRIND GAUGE

FOR FINENESS OF GRIND, DEGREE OF DISPERSIONFOR FINENESS OF GRIND, DEGREE OF DISPERSION

REPLICA TAPE AND DIAL MICROMETERREPLICA TAPE AND DIAL MICROMETER

PAINT TESTING, VISCOSITYPAINT TESTING, VISCOSITY

ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER WITH ROTOTHINNER WITH ROTOTHINNER MEASURES DYNAMIC MEASURES DYNAMIC VISCOSITY. UNITS, POISESVISCOSITY. UNITS, POISES

PAINT TESTING. VISCOSITYPAINT TESTING. VISCOSITY

KREBS STORMER VISCOMETERKREBS STORMER VISCOMETER

KINEMATIC VISCOSITYKINEMATIC VISCOSITY

DRIVEN BY A FALLINGDRIVEN BY A FALLING

WEIGHT, THE HEAVIERWEIGHT, THE HEAVIER

THE WEIGHT THE THE WEIGHT THE

FASTER IT ROTATES.FASTER IT ROTATES.

CRITERIA 200 RPMCRITERIA 200 RPM

UNITS STOKE OR POISEUNITS STOKE OR POISE

MECHANICAL THUMB TEST, THROUGH DRYINGMECHANICAL THUMB TEST, THROUGH DRYING

PAINT TESTINGPAINT TESTING

FLOW VISCOSITYFLOW VISCOSITY

A FORD FLOW CUPA FORD FLOW CUP

FORD FLOW CUP IN ITS FORD FLOW CUP IN ITS RETORT AND SHOWING RETORT AND SHOWING THE 4mm DIA HOLETHE 4mm DIA HOLE

PAINT TESTING VISCOSITY. FORD FLOW CUPPAINT TESTING VISCOSITY. FORD FLOW CUP

PAINT FILM MEASUREMENT, WET FILMPAINT FILM MEASUREMENT, WET FILM

ECCENTRIC WHEELECCENTRIC WHEEL

WET FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTWET FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT

COMB GAUGESCOMB GAUGES

ADHESION TESTS CROSS CUT ( CROSS HATCH ) TEST ADHESION TESTS CROSS CUT ( CROSS HATCH ) TEST SPECIAL CUTTER TOOLSPECIAL CUTTER TOOL

DESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES. THE SABERG TEST DRILLDESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES. THE SABERG TEST DRILL

DFT MEASUREMENTS ELECTRONIC GAUGESDFT MEASUREMENTS ELECTRONIC GAUGES

ELECTROPHYSICELECTROPHYSIC

MINI TESTMINI TEST THE EXACTOTHE EXACTOELCOMETERELCOMETER

456456

DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC.DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC.

THE TINSLEY PENCILTHE TINSLEY PENCIL

DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,

HORSESHOE GAUGEHORSESHOE GAUGE

DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,

THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 111THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 111

DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS, MAGNETICDRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS, MAGNETIC

THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 211THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 211

SCALE MOVES SCALE MOVES TO THE TO THE CURSERCURSER

DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTDRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT

COLOUR CODED CALIBRATION SHIMSCOLOUR CODED CALIBRATION SHIMS

PURPLE 25umPURPLE 25um

BLUE 50umBLUE 50um

BROWN 125umBROWN 125um

WHITE 250umWHITE 250um

YELLOW 500umYELLOW 500um

nominal valuesnominal values

ADHESION TESTS THE HYDRAULIC ADHESION TESTERADHESION TESTS THE HYDRAULIC ADHESION TESTER

ADHESION TESTS THE DOLLY TESTADHESION TESTS THE DOLLY TEST

DESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES THE P.I.G.DESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES THE P.I.G.

OPACITY, THE PFUND CRYPTOMETEROPACITY, THE PFUND CRYPTOMETER

HIDING POWER CHARTS AND ADJUSTABLE APPLICATORHIDING POWER CHARTS AND ADJUSTABLE APPLICATOR

FLEXIBILITY TEST CONICAL MANDRELFLEXIBILITY TEST CONICAL MANDREL

WOLFFWOLFF-- WILBORN PENCIL SCRATCH TESTWILBORN PENCIL SCRATCH TEST

USES THE PENCIL USES THE PENCIL HARDNESS HARDNESS RATING.RATING.

HEALTH AND SAFETY, COSHH REGULATIONSHEALTH AND SAFETY, COSHH REGULATIONS

ABBREVIATIONSABBREVIATIONS

EH 40, EH 40, GUIDANCE NOTES, HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE GUIDANCE NOTES, HEALTH AND SAFETY EXECUTIVE

MEL MEL , MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMIT, MAXIMUM EXPOSURE LIMIT

OEL, OEL, OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITOCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT

OES, OES, OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARDOCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARD

LEL, LEL, LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMITLOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT

UEL, UEL, UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMITUPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT

RAQ, RAQ, REQUIRED AIR QUANTITYREQUIRED AIR QUANTITY