Rockie Mountain National Park

ANATOMICAL POSITION

1. Standing erect

2. Head facing forward

3. Upper extremity hanging by side, palm of hand facing forward

4. Lower limbs together with toes pointing forward

ANATOMICAL PLANES

MEDIAN PLANE

Imaginary vertical plane passing longitudinally through the body from front to back, dividing it into right and left halves.

SAGITTAL PLANES

Imaginary vertical plane passing through the body parallel to the median plane.

CORONAL PLANES (Frontal)

Imaginary vertical plane passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.

HORIZONTAL PLANES (Transverse)

Imaginary planes passing through the body at right angles to both the median and coronal planes (parallel to the horizon).

COMMONLY USED TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP AND COMPARISON

ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) Nearer to the front

POSTERIOR (DORSAL) Nearer to the back

MEDIAL Nearer to the median plane

LATERAL Farther from the median plane

SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) Nearer to the head

INFERIOR (CAUDAL) Nearer to the feet

PROXIMAL Nearer to the trunk or point of origin

DISTAL Farther from the trunk or point of origin

SUPERFICIAL Nearer to or on the surface

DEEP Farther from the surface

CENTRAL Nearer to the center

PERIPHERAL Farther away from the center

Sacral Hiatus

7 Cervical

12 Thoracic

5 Lumbar

5 Sacral

4-5 Coccygeal

Sacral Cornu Sacral Cornu

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

* Vertebral Canal Contains spinal cord

Pedicle

Lamina

Sp

ino

us

Pro

cess

Transvers

e Pro

cess

Intervertebral Foramen

Body

*

TYPICAL VERTEBRA

Sp

ino

us

Pro

ce

ss

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Supraspinous Ligament

Body

VERTEBRAL LIGAMENTS

Ligamentum Flavum

Lamina

Vertebral Spinous Process

Vertebral Body

Intervertebral Disc

Supraspinous LigamentAnterior Longitudinal Ligament

Ligamentum Flavum

Intervertebral Foramen

VERTEBRAL LIGAMENTS

Pia Mater

Dorsal Root of Spinal NerveDorsal Rootletsof Spinal Nerve

Dura Arachnoid Sleeve

Ventral Root of Spinal Nerve

MENINGES OF SPINAL CORD

3 Meningeal Layers Dura Mater Arachnoid Subarachnoid Space Pia Mater

Subarachnoid Space

Dura Arachnoid Sleeve

Conus Medullaris L2

Cauda EquinaInternal Filum Terminal

Termination of Dural Sac S4External Filum Terminal

Spinal Cord Covered with Pia Mater

Iliac Crest L4

SPINAL CORD

8 Cervical Spinal Nerves

12 Thoracic Spinal Nerves

5 Lumbar Spinal Nerves

5 Sacral Spinal Nerves

Cauda Equina

End of Dura Arachnoid Sleeve

Dura Arachnoid Sleeve

DISC HERNIATION

C8

T9

L4

S1

T9

L4

Subarachnoid Space

1 Coccygeal Spinal Nerve

Subclavian Artery

Vertebral Artery

Posterior intercostal Arteries

Lumbar Arteries

Lateral Sacral Artery

Segmental Arteries (Radicular)

Posterior Spinal ArteriesAnterior Spinal Artery

ANTERIOR VIEW POSTERIOR VIEW

Intervertebral Artery

External Venous Plexus

External Venous Plexus

Internal Venous Plexus

Intervertebral Vein

CONTRIBUTIONS TO BATSON’S PLEXUS OF VEINS

Glacier National Park

1 – Trapezius CN XI

Test: shoulder shrug

2 - Latissimus Dorsi Thoracodorsal Nerve

Test: arm extension*Thoracolumbar Fascia

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES – SUPERFICIAL LAYER

*

1

2

*Thoracolumbar Fascia

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES – INTERMEDIATE LAYER

1 – Levator Scapulae2 – Rhomboid Minor3 – Rhomboid Major

Dorsal scapular n. (C5)

Elevate and retract scapula

*

1

2

3

SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES – DEEP LAYER

1 – Serratus Posterior Superior

2 – Serratus Posterior Inferior

ventral rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

1

2

Lumbar Triangle Site of potential herniations

1 – External Abdominal Oblique

2 – Quadratus Lumborum (floor)

3 – Latissimus Dorsi (reflected)

4 – Iliac Crest

Triangle of Auscultation

1 – Trapezius

*Inferior angle of the scapula

2 – Latissimus

TRIANGLES OF THE BACK

*

*

Upper Lobe of Lung

Lower Lobe of Lung

Oblique Fissure

1

1

2

32

1

DEEP BACK MUSCLES

1 – Semispinalis2 – Splenius

Suboccipital Triangle

Contents Vertebral a & v

1

2

12

3

Erector Spinae Muscles

1 – Spinalis 2 – Longissimus 3 – Iliocostalis

Function

extension of the vertebral column & head

Lateral rotation of the vertebral column & head

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Frozen Tundra at 13,000 ft