The Westminster Way – Part 2

Palette

Product Pages

Contacts

In the final implementation of this section, a screen of contacts will be providedgiving details of key officers in each area of service that is relevant to the manual.

Comments on the draft set of "screens" (pages), please contact the NominatedProject Officer: for the Street Manual Review:

Chris MasonCity Planning Group11th Floor (East)Westminster City Hall64 Victoria StreetLondon SW1E 6QP

Tel: 020 7641 2286Fax: 020 7641 8535e-mail: cmason@westminster.gov.uk

Authors: Michael Lowndes and Cathryn Chatburn of Bennett Urban Plasnning,with additional material by Chris Mason and the Project Steering Group.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Surface Finishes 1.0

1.0 Surface FinishesIntroduction

There are a variety of paving materials, which are in use (or could be used) inWestminster. They fall into two categories:

Natural materials: these include granite, york stone and limestoneArtificial materials: these include concrete, tarmac and clay and concreteblock paving.

Each material has its own specification and different maintenance standards, andtherefore its own relative merit for use in various situations and locations the City.In general street surfaces in Westminster need to be a backdrop and should not bebrightly coloured, patterned and textured. The volume and variety of activity,pedestrian movement and generally high quality of the buildings is best appreciatedagainst a neutral setting. The size of paving elements and pattern of laying is asimportant as the choice of material in establishing character. Narrow streets areimproved by the straightforward use of a light coloured surface material and aplain ‘carpet’ makes a small space feel less confined than a brightly patterned one.The successful installation of a robust paving layer, which provides a firm, evenand slip-resistant surface is equally as important as the consideration of thematerial and paving pattern. For example areas of well-maintained large elementpaving are preferable to small element paving as they provide fewer joints wheretrip hazards can occur. Small elements, particularly when laid in large areas canlook too ‘busy’. Preferred solutions are noted with a roundel (green on a colourscreen or print).Some surfaces have been installed as a trial or for reasons that are nowinappropriate in some places or being questioned. These are marked with the“Cautionary” marking of a triangle (orange on a colour screen or print). Furtheruse needs to be checked with the Public Realm Advisory Group beforeproceeding.

There are product pages on:

1.01 Asphalt1.02 Tegula Paving1.03 Small element concrete paving1.04 Granite setts & kerbs1.05 Granite slab paving1.06 Tactile paving1.07 Natural York stone paving1.08 Natural York stone setts1.09 Large element concrete paving1.10 Paddington slab1.11 LSE paving variants

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Surface Finishes 1.01

Asphalt

In the UK asphalt is the generic nameapplied to all road and pavementmaterials produced by mixing bitumenwith various aggregates. It is generally ablack or coloured material that providesa level, non-slip surface for pedestriansand vehicles. The product offers goodvalue for money, durability andwaterproofing characteristics.

Bituminous macadam is normally laidhot and rolled smooth and is generallyused as a carriageway surface. It is alsoused in Westminster as a footwaysurface in some locations due to itsplasticity, flexibility and ability to beapplied in confined or awkward areas.

It is cheap and easy to lay, but isvulnerable to hot weather deviationssuch as blistering and rutting. It alsoshows evidence of the reinstatementafter a trench had been excavated,leaving unsightly scars. Its replacementwith permeable materials could result invaults that have been dry for decadesgetting wet once more.

Material / finish:Bitumen and aggregates

Options:Choice of surface finishes

Colours:Most commonly black but theopportunity to vary the mix inthe wearing course it is amaterial giving a range ofcolour options.

British Standard:BS 594-1:2003

Maintenance:

Use:Most commonly used as acarriageway surface where it isgenerally acceptable, butbecause it is cheap, easy to layand easy to patch it has beenwidely used as a footwaysurface. This particularlyoccurs in areas wherepavements are narrow or thereare awkward pavement lightsmaking cut slabs difficult toaccommodate. Use with carein Conservation Areas where itis to be regarded as a reserveoption.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Surface Finishes 1.02

Tegula Paving

Tegula has been produced to provide aneconomical alternative, to natural stoneproducts, that compliments thecharacter of older more traditionalpaving schemes.

Tegula is available in 80mm and 60mmthickness and is therefore suitable formedium trafficked areas (withappropriate bedding and jointing) aswell as light duty use in bothconservation and contemporaryschemes.

Tegula is reminiscent of the sandstoneand granite setts still found in manyparts of the country. The agedappearance helps Tegula harmoniseimmediately with traditional architectureor conservation schemes, adding to theimpression that the paving has "beenthere for years".

Available in three gauges (see diagram)all three are available in 80mm thicknessand the 160 gauge is available in 60 mmthickness with 80 mm square cobblesare in this thickness as well.

Material / finish:Concrete and clay sett

Options:Paving unit and cobbles. Kerbsetts are available but kerbs inWestminster streets are alwaysgranite.

Colours:Precise colour and surfacetexture should be judged fromactual materials. Concretecolours fade and clay does not.

British Standard:BS6677 Part 1 SpecificationBS7533: Part 4 1998 Code ofPratice for ConstructionBS7533: Part 6 1998 Code ofPractice for Laying

Use:80mm square 'Tegula Cobbles'are available in 60mmthickness only and can be usedin conjunction with largerblocks to create features anddelineation of specific areas.They are not suitable for heavyvehicular traffic when usedexclusively. Preferable overareas affected by tree rootsthan 100x200 concrete blocks.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Surface Finishes 1.03

Small ElementConcrete pavingFavoured for a number of years as acheap replacement for larger elementflagstones with the advantage that whenvehicle over-running occurs, the smallerslabs are less prone to breakage.Sometimes used with 100 x 200mmpavers as infill at the kerb edge and atcorners.

The small paving module hasintroduced a more continentalappearance to Westminster’s streets andhas eroded the traditional British feelthat traditional modules established.This change is generally unwelcome inConservation Areas and the moduleshould be questioned in such locationsand replacement considered, whenmaintenance is due, with larger elementslabs with reinforcement or a strongersub-base where over-running is aproblem.

Approximate Dimensions:400 x 400400 x 200

Material / finish:Concrete with naturalaggregate

Options:A variety of surface finishesinclude: pimpled, smoothground, coarse textured. InWestminster the intensecleaning needs and a desire togive good slip resistance meanthat these options are not usedand plain concrete finish is tobe used.

Colours:A wide range of colours isavailable on the market. Strongcolours are not recommended.Where used they should not bemixed with pavers and shouldbe a neutral concrete colour asnear to grey limestone aspossible.

British Standard:BS7263: Part 1 SpecificationBS7533: Part 4 1998 Code ofPractice for ConstructionBS7533: Part 6 1998 Code ofPractice for Laying

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Surface Finishes 1.04

SGranite Setts / KerbsGranite is the hardest, most stainresistant and durable known naturalpaving material and has a long traditionof use in Westminster for carriagewaysand kerbs which should continue.

As with other paving bedded onconcrete, statutory undertakers work orother local disturbance does not affectthe bond of the adjacent paving.Broken-out setts or kerb are difficult todamage and can normally be reused.

Granite setts have excellent slipcharacteristics and, due to surface andjoint variations, slow up vehicles. Levelor dressed granite setts are availablesecond hand: these are as comfortableto walk on as brick or concrete block,but more slip-resistant, due to thequartz crystal composition of thematerial.

Dimensions:100mm x 100mm x 50mm200mm x 75mm x 150mm200mm x 100mm x 100mm200mm x 100mm x 150mm250/300mm x 100mm x 200mm

Material / finish:Granite

Options:A variety of granite types arewidely available on the market.

Colours:Colour variation is possible inboth new and second handsetts, from red/pink toblue/grey

Use:Care is needed in certainlocations with oil drips in thepointing and heavy vehicles“rocking” the granite ribbonscontaining the panel of setts.Setts can also be used incrossovers and barrel dropsand as deterrent paving todiscourage pedestrian use.Fine specification is needed infootways and pedestrianisedareas to give a surface smoothenough for some users. Ifhistoric setts are re-used thenan alternative smooth routeshould be available for peoplewith mobility problems.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Surface Finishes 1.05

Granite Slab Paving

Generally this is not a commonly usedmaterial in Westminster’s streets. Themost extensive use was in the 1992refurbishment if Leicester Square whenPerrino pink granite was imported fromPortugal from a quarry now closed. Itwas laid on concrete, but subsequentdisturbance and poor reinstatement hascaused extensive cracking , particularlywhere subjected to turning movementby heavy vehicles. This has beentemporarily patched by using panels orred asphalt. The scheme is underconsideration once more and shouldmore modest renovation becontemplated, this may remain as a slabin this area. A challenge is to find asimilar pink granite (Normandy hassimilar geology) and relay the cornerswith heavy setts to resist the problemsexperienced with the slabs.

Historic granite slabs are found onbarrow ways around the Covent GardenMarket building, and have been used onthe tops of speed tables to side roadsoff the Strand.

Dimensions: 600mm x random lengthin Leicester Square.

Material / finish:picked or flame etched

Options:Setts and slabs

Colours:Pink in Leicester SquareVaried colours in CoventGardenGrey in the Strand

British Standard:

Maintenance:Flame etch damaged surfaceand cut and shunt damagedslabs. Fully support slabs onlean mix concrete.

Use: Only Leicester SquareStrand and Covent Garden.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Surface Finishes 1.06

Tactile PavingBlister Paving

‘The purpose of the blister surface is toprovide a warning to visually impairedpeople who would otherwise, in theabsence of a kerb upstand <25mmhigh, find it difficult to differentiatebetween where the footway ends andthe carriageway begins. The surface istherefore an essential safety feature forthis group of road users at pedestriancrossing points, where the footway isflush with the carriageway to enablewheelchair users to cross unimpeded’(Ref. Dept. for Transport - Guidanceon the use of tactile paving surfaces)

A balance has to be struck between theneeds of the blind and partially sightedand other users and the heritage of theCity. A local variation is recommendeddeleting the pink and yellow colourfrom concrete installations and usingnatural aggregate, and no tails backacross the footway which are confusing.In Conservation Areas the studs shouldbe ground out of the natural material.Dimensions:400 x 400 x 50400 x 400 x 65450 x 450 x 50450 x 450 x 70

Material / finish:Concrete/ naturalstone/granite

Options:Not recommended, but brassor stainless steel studs havebeen used, but they can bevery slippery.

Colours:Concrete: natural only to beused in Westminster.Natural stone: various.

British Standard:Specification and applicationto conform to the Departmentof Transport’s currentguidelines andBS 7263: Part 1BS 7533: Part 4

Use:Choice of material should beinformed by the context of theproposed area of application.Although brass and stainlesssteel stud options are availablethe Council recommend theuse of the tool-finished rangeonly due to concerns relatingthe potential slip hazardsassociated with wet metalstuds.

Blister paving ground out of natural stone

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Surface Finishes 1.07

Natural YorkstoneSlab PavingSome of the most visually attractivepaving work is done in naturalyorkstone. It is a product with astructure, texture and colour determinedby geological and natural processes andas such is strong, hard wearing andprovides a natural randomness, whichbenefits the overall appearance of thepublic realm. It is a low maintenancematerial and with care will last manydecades.Natural flags are the traditional choicefor historic settings within urban areas.They can be used for vehicular andnon-vehicular routes.

Approximate Dimensions

50 – 75mm thick units are best suitedfor non vehicular usage, such asfootways70 – 100mm thick units should bereserved for paving that is likely toexperience some low speed vehiculartraffic such as overrun areas orcrossovers. 300 mm module fornarrow footways in small scale streetsand 600 mm for standard use and incourts and alleys.

Material / finish:Natural Stone

Options:Various slab sizes and bondingpatterns are available. Sawn orriven finish.

Colours:Blue/grey/buff mixed colours

Maintenance:The sandstone composition (inbedding planes) has a self-cleaning action with foottraffic.

Use:Footway paving applications.Natural stone flags should bethe primary flag chosen forWestminster in areas wherethere is a historic precedent forits use or it is appropriate inthe context of an urbananalysis. It should not beapplied dogmatically in allconservation areas where,given the variety ofConservation Areas inWestminster, it can look out ofplace.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Surface Finishes 1.08

Natural YorkstoneSetts

See previous page on flagstones forgeneral description of material.

Dimensions: Generally 100 x 100mmbut other modules available.

Material / finish:Sedimentary limestone riven orcut.

Options:

Colours:As slabs / flagstones

British Standard:

Maintenance:

Use:

Particularly useful for smallareas and awkward changes oflevel. Can be set in crossoversand particularly useful inaccommodating changes oflevel from footway tocarriageway at junctions instreets where flagstones in thesame material in large slabs arethe predominant surfacetreatment.Also used in kerbside strip toaccommodate railing bases andpoles when they are numerousand slab cutting could beinappropriate.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Surface Finishes 1.09

Large ElementConcrete PavingThe standard concrete flag is grey,utilitarian, and comes in large elementas well as the small element sizesdescribed elsewhere. It is popularthroughout the country and is acommon British standard pavingmaterial in mixed use and some modernsettings.Its small element cousin (as illustratedin page 1.03) became popular with costconscious specifiers and has been thematerial of choice for this reason. It isable to withstand vehicular loading withless likelihood of cracking on anequivalent sub-base. Traditionallyproportioned larger flags can now bebought with reinforcement allowingthem to be used at the footway edge, orwhen set on a solid sub-base thetraditionally shaped flagstone can giveimproved performance as well.The large slab has the traditional Britishtownscape character of original stoneflag pavements. It is therefore thepreferred paving module where Yorkstone would be inappropriate or notjustified on the grounds of appearance.Dimensions:600mm module x 900, 750 or 600mm.63 mm thick slabs are to be used .

Material / finish:Cast concrete withreinforcement options.

Options:A wide variety of surfacefinishes are available includingexposed aggregate, texturedand smooth finishes.Generally smooth grey finishto most nearly match yorkstone is preferred withstandard texture to give gripbut allow efficient cleaning.

Colours:A wide range of colouralternatives is now available.

British Standard:BS 7533: Part 4 Installation

Use:It can be used in conservationareas and mixed use settingsthroughout Westminsterwhere natural stone flags areconsidered inappropriate. Thetwo most common flag pavingpatterns for the footway, arestack bond and broken bond.In Westminster it is commonpractice to include both. Thethinner 50mm slab is NOT tobe used in Westminster.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Surface Finishes 1.10

Paddington SlabLarge element reinforcedgranite aggregate slab paving

Used in the Paddington Special PolicyArea (PSPA) as part of the PublicRealm Strategy, produced in June 2003,this material has an affinity to buildingswith stainless steel and granite finishes.

It possibly lends itself to wider use inthe City due to its strength, durabilityand natural stone aggregate.

Dimensions:600 x 600 x 63600 x 750 x 63600 x 450 x 63

Material / finish:OPC & Recycled Cornishgranite aggregate with 4mmbright mild steel meshreinforcement.

Colours:Silver/grey

British Standard:Manufacture:BS 7263: Part 1:2001Installation:BS7533: Part 4:1998

Maintenance:

Use:Proposed for use in thePaddington Special PolicyArea as part of a wider publicrealm co-ordination document.Matches the Charcon“Conservation” kerb utilisingthe same mix (althoughconcrete kerbs are not used inWestminster). In other placesby specific agreement.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

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LSE Paving VariantsOff Aldwych only

Description.A specific departure from standardstreet detailing has been agreed with theLondon School of Economics for thestreets that link their variouseducational establishments.

This is linked to a distinctive anddifferent lighting scheme that has yet tobe implemented. A separate page torecord this system will be producedwhen the first phase of the equipment isinstalled

These details are not to be usedanywhere else in the City.

Material / finish:Granite sett footways andpaving with unique bond andkerbing details.

Colours: Natural

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Barriers 2.0

2.0 BarriersIntroduction

The intensity of vehicular and pedestrian movement along the City’s streetsgenerates a need to provide safe methods of segregation and ‘traffic’ management.

The fundamental use for barriers should be to protect and separate pedestrians,vulnerable surfaces and items of street furniture, from vehicular traffic.

There is an understandable desire at times to over protect the footway with theresulting clutter of bollards or barriers. This should be resisted unless absolutelynecessary.

Some barriers have been implemented with feeble bollards, concrete types thateasily crack and in the worst cases pipe filled with concrete. These should bequestioned at any review and removed or if still required, replaced from theapproved range.

Other means sometimes provide an appropriate solution (such as double kerbs orhigher paving specification) to prevent, or deal with, vehicle over-running.

There are product pages on:

2.01 Cannon Bollard2.02 Cannon Removable Bollard2.03 City Bollard2.04 Standard guard rail2.05 Marylebone guard rail2.06 Piccadilly guard rail2.07 Side hung gate2.08 Comyn Ching Bollard

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Barriers 2.01

Cannon Bollard

This traditional cannon form iscommon throughout Westminster withmany original examples dating from theearly 19th Century (some are listed asitems of architectural or historicinterest).

Although the cannon form originatedfrom surplus or captured cannonbarrels, many from this period arerecasts bearing the integral graphics ofthe relevant parish for example the St.James’ (1812) and St. Anne’s.

Now commonly available in presentstreet furniture ranges, this is anacceptable design in many parts ofWestminster where the more expensive“City” bollard is not justified.

Any 19th century bollards with parishnames should be retained in theirappropriate parishes.

Approximate Dimensions:1140mm height210mm diameter260mm depth foundation

Material / finish:Cast iron

Options:Removable versions in sockets,see also electrical version.

Colours:Gloss black “Dacrylate”sticker resistant paint.

British Standard:Not Applicable

Maintenance:Wash down and cleaning everyyear, repaint every 3 years.Remove textured paint onrepainting cycle and replacewith Dacrylate paint

Comments:Heavy duty. Matches a versionlarge enough for powerconnection. A square baseheavy-duty cannon form isanother reproduction historicdesign.

Use:

Relates to:Historic decorated forms suchas traditional lamp columns,benches and litterbins.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Traffic Control 2.02

Cannon, DropableBollard

Heavy-duty cannon style bollard, withhinge-mounted lock fixing and socketto allow temporary removal.

Dimensions:1140mm height210mm diameter260mm depth foundation

Material / finish:Cast Iron, painted

Options:Cast aluminium to reduceweight if manually lifted.

Colours:Gloss black 'Dacrylate' stickerresistant paint.

British Standard:

Maintenance:Wash down and clean everyyear, repaint every 3 years.

Comments:Heavy duty removable barrier

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Barriers 2.03

City Bollard

This City of Westminster design isderived from the early 19th centuryWilliam IV types, recast for the Queen’sCoronation and used in Pall Mall andvarious other state locations.Contemporary with the design of theGrey Wornum lantern.

The modern rectangular version hasbeen used in many Conservation Areasand has been chosen for privateforecourts of major buildings such asthe Queen Elizabeth II ConferenceCentre in Broad Sanctuary.A square base heavy-duty edition wouldbe close to the historic design thatinspired this version.

Approximate Dimensions:1065mm height260mm width440mm depth foundation

Material / finish:Cast iron/aluminium, ductilesteel. Horizontal ribbed,rectangular base cast

Options:Planted or cast crest, eyes,sockets etc. Cast Aluminiumremovable. Inset panel forsmall traffic signs and plates.

Colours:Gloss black “Dacrylate”sticker resistant paint.

British Standard:Not Applicable

Maintenance:Wash down and cleaning everyyear, repaint every 3 years.Comments:Medium weight. Not largeenough for power connectionversion.

Use:Suitable for modern andhistoric locations throughoutthe City particularly where theycan also carry small trafficplates. Best laid out in straightruns parallel to pavementbond/kerb edge to minimisecuts.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Barriers 2.04

Standard Guard RailStandard pedestrian guard-rail typesused throughout Westminster are ofgalvanised steel construction. Allstandard panels are two metres wideand are either:� full height; or� include a view rail and with in-line

or offset verticals to give driversbetter visibility of pedestriansbehind them.

Guard railing should be limited in itsuse to major roads and only at thosewhere there is a particular accidenthistory or risk that can only be solvedwith this device and after a fullassessment.

There is an opportunity to develop oridentify more appropriate solutions forthe Westminster context and is achallenge that should be explored. TheMillennium trial design which has yet tobe installed for assessment may answerthis challenge.

Material / finish:Hot dip galvanised mild steel.

Options:Sight gap

Colours:Gloss black “Dacrylate”sticker resistant paint.

British Standard:BS 7818 Specification

Maintenance:Wash down and cleaning everyyear, repaint every 3 years.

Comments:To be used sparingly,alignment to considerrelationship to other features.

Use:Where public safety is an issuebut careful positioning isnecessary to direct pedestriansto safer crossing points.

Full height

View rail with offset verticals.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

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Marylebone GuardRail

Description.A simple and elegant design forlocations where more presence isrequired than that provided by thestandard guard rail.

The flat cap and cylindrical post givessome decoration without the excessesof balls and acorns etc. The exampleshown here shows the posts set in amargin of setts.

Dimensions: 2m panels.

Material / finish: Galvanisedsteel

Colours: Black paint withDacrylate sticker resistantpaint

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Page reference: # Status: # Category: #Barriers 2.06

Piccadilly Guard RailFor prestigious locations

Description.A robustly designed railing with squareposts and brass rail and caps. Thesehave only been installed in PiccadillyCircus and Whitehall.

Only to be used with the specificapproval of the Public Realm AdvisoryGroup.

Material / finish: Brass &steel

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Barriers 2.07

B iSide Hung Gates

These City of Westminster designs weredeveloped in house. The top member ofthe photographed design is prone tobeing bent downwards and the additionof signs could be neater. The emergingdesign is yet to become a prototype butif successful will be the preferred gatedesign.

The opportunity to developimprovements includes automaticmechanical operation and remotecontrol.

Road closures need to be handled withcare and with sensitive signing –generally schemes for gating and partialclosure will be scrutinised by the PublicRealm Advisory Group

An expensive but unobtrusivealternative (if underground sewers andservices allow) is the hydraulic retractingbollard.

Material / finish:Fabricated steel

Options:Decorative infill panels

Colours:Gloss black

British Standard:Not Applicable

Maintenance:Wash down and cleaning everyyear, repaint every 3 years.

Comments:Custom designed and builttraffic gates on side hungswivel column.

Use:For control of pedestrianisedstreets. Limited use for specialcases only.

Relates to: Cannon Bollard

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Barriers 2.08

Comyn Ching Bollard

Named and supplied by the 18th

Century Covent Garden firm of ComynChing, architectural ironmongers.

Approximate Dimensions:750mm height150mm square350mm depth foundation

Material / finish:Cast iron

Options:Sockets etc.

Colours:Vermillion Red/Light Gold

British Standard:Not applicable

Maintenance:Wash down and clean everyyear, repaint every year.

Comments:

Use:Used only in Chinatown.

Relates to:Relates to the China Towncustomised suite of streetfurniture.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

3.0 LightingIntroduction

The pragmatic function of street lighting is to provide an appropriate level ofillumination to ensure a safe environment for all public realm users.However to achieve good street lighting design both pragmatic and creative designconsiderations should be taken into account. The adoption of a creative approachto lighting design provides opportunities to enhance both the legibility anddistinctive character of the City. The historic value of the original work will bedevalued if pseudo historic designs are introduced or perpetuated. Part 1 ofWestminster Way advocates learned replica work or good design.The City of Westminster has examples of some of London’s finest decorated lampcolumns. From a total of approximately 15 000 columns roughly half are ofdecorative, traditional design.Part 1 of the Westminster Way advocates containment of cherished or historicstreet furniture to places where they originated. One particular design relates to aParish and three designs were commissioned by or used in the pre 1965 City ofWestminster. This leaves the former Boroughs of Paddington and St Marylebone(that is the part of the City north of Oxford Street and outside the Royal Parks)without a distinctive design and nothing unique to contribute to the character ofthe conservation areas in these parts of the City. An exception to this generalstatement is found in the Hyde Park Estate and East & West Marylebone, wherethe use of a 20th century (old) City of Westminster design is well establishedbecause it was allowed in the 1993 edition of this manual. It is thereforeappropriate to regard this design as endemic and make it an area variant.A simple, neutral approach is the next option advocated by the principles in Part 1.Lamps and columns with simple elegance are therefore the default range open forconsideration in all places, but maps and principles set out in this section will guidethe order of choice for lighting installations. There are a number of challenges fordeveloping a neater and more functional set of solutions for electrical equipmentin the City.

There are product pages on:3.01 Westminster default – Main Road3.02 Westminster standard – existing side

road3.03 Small Grey Wornum3.04 Large Grey Wornum3.05 Mackenzie & Moncur3.06 St Martin-in-the-Fields3.07 Windsor lantern with wall bracket3.08 Rochester Lantern with wall bracket3.09 Conservation Areas North West &

West3.10 Oxford Street3.11 PSPA Main Road3.12 PSPA minor road3.13 Discus Range3.14 Millennium Range3.15 Wall mounted floodlight3.16 Nico/Grosvenor with wall bracket3.17 Windsor / Eddystone combination

Lighting 3.0

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.01

Lighting ColumnsMain Road Default

This highway lighting column wasinstalled as part of the former GLCreplacement programme for principalroutes. Underneath is a standard steelcolumn and the base is a dressing kit toemulate the Parliament Square designon 1951. Columns with the kit requireextra corrosion monitoring around thecolumn base and at the neck, but theygive a distinctive appearance to mainroads and the Central area where themain business and cultural activitiestake place. An alternative column in the8 – 12 m range is a tapering design (asrequired in Paddington Special Policyareas and for augmenting Mackenzie &Moncur installations) and a parallelcolumn with no dressing kit and widershaft at the base with equipment door isthe norm off the locations and streetsnoted in the dressing diagram.The lower illustration shows the currentdefault choice. A simple ‘discus’ shapedlight is similar in appearance to thosechosen at Paddington and is preferredin the north part of the City. TheRochester type lamp with a web typearm is a potential solution an areaswhere that type of lamp is prevelant.

Material / finish:Steel tubular

Options:8m, 10m, 12m height

Colours:Gloss black ‘Dacrylate’ stickerresistant paint, and goldhighlights to collars and W andCC motifs on skirts.

British Standard:BS5489

Maintenance:Wash down and clean everyyear, repaint every 3 years.

Comments:Utilitarian column to bedressed with more decoratedskirt in central area or high-profile settings.

Use:Streets where vehicleconsiderations dominate andcherished designs will notdeliver.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.02

WestminsterStandardExisting side road design

This form is common in the north partof the Borough (where the GreyWornum does not predominate).

Whilst not unacceptable, and may bemaintained, it is utilitarian for areas witharchitectural or historic character. This,however, is preferable to pseudohistorical designs with inaccurateproportions.

The Discus Range covers the areawhere this default design predominatesand is now the preferred replacement.Where additional attention to qualitydetailing is required this combinationcan be replaced with the discus typelamp and a tapered column.

Material / finish:Steel tubular

Options:6m, 8m height

Colours:Gloss black ‘Dacrylate’ stickerresistant paint.

British Standard:BS5489

Maintenance:Wash down and clean everyyear, repaint every 3 years.

Comments:Utilitarian column to bedressed or replaced with moreelegant tapered columns orreplicas of cherished designs(accurately dated with year ofreproduction)

Use:Found in side streets in theNorth part of the City.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.03

Small Grey WornumOn Short ParliamentSquare Column

Originally designed in a bigger versionby the famous architect George GreyWornum for Parliament Square in 1951as part of the major road improvementsat that time, this small version wasdesigned for wider application. Thefinial on top has been used toincorporate a photocell.

A most successful example ofsympathetic, practical design of streetfurniture, to suit all settings. The designis the property of the City Council andthree manufacturers make the castingsfrom the designs. Various opticalsystems have evolved over 50 years, butthe latest versions incorporate modernreflectors, white light and sealed bowls.

Under the old street manual it wasacceptable in all locations, butWestminster Way advocatescontainment to a defined area, thereforestocks north of Marylebone Road andSussex Gardens should be refurbishedand redeployed in the south.Approximate Dimensions5m and 6m Column

Material / finish:Painted steel and cast iron.

Options:See Large Parliament Squarecolumn and lantern cap withtassel finial where the shortversion will not deliver therequired lighting. Simplifiedsteel column undecorated.

Colours:Gloss black ‘Dacrylate’ stickerresistant paint – Red inChinatown

British Standard:Not Applicable.

Maintenance:Wash down and clean everyyear, repainting every 3 years.

Comments:

Use: Suits modern andhistoric locations throughoutthe former City ofWestminster (south of OxfordSt) East & West Maryleboneand Hyde Park Estate.

Relates to:Historic decorative formsCannon, Comyn Ching & Citybollards.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.04

Large Grey WornumOn Tall ParliamentSquare Column

Originally designed by the famousarchitect George Grey Wornum forParliament Square as part of the majorroad improvements in 1951.

The original column demonstrates allthe features of successful streetfurniture design with practical use ofmodest decoration. This is nowreplicated in a dressing kit that isapplied to larger columns in the centralarea and on main roads (see DressingDiagram)

Lamps and optics have been refinedover 50 years and now take modernlamps and reflectors with sealed bowls.Earlier optics and unsealed bowls needto be modernised when heads areoverhauled and refurbished.

Approximate Dimensions8m ColumnCircular lantern cap and frame

Material / finish:Painted steel and cast iron

Options:See also Short column andsmall lantern with plain finial.

Colours:Gloss black ‘Dacrylate’ stickerresistant paint with the ‘W’ andinterlocking ‘CC’ picked out ingold.

Maintenance:Wash down and cleaning everyyear, repainting every 3 years

Use:Applicable in modern andhistoric locations throughoutthe former (pre 1965) City ofWestminster, East and WestMarylebone and the Hyde ParkEstate with its refined versionof decorative features andmouldings

CCTV cameras should not beadded to Grey WornumLamps or Columns withoutthe specific approval of theOfficer Review Group.

Relates to: City Bollard andCannon Bollard

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.05

Mackenzie & Moncur

Traditional, highly decorated columnwith tracery bracket arm.

The original Carbon Arc lamps of 500Watts were mounted on this form ofcolumn around 1900. They werepurchased by the former City ofWestminster (pre 1965 – south ofOxford Street) and are found insignificant clusters in Pimlico andBelgravia and well dispersed throughMayfair with some examples in Soho.The current lantern form is availablefrom Suggs, who maintain a wide rangeof reproduction castings. Alternativemodern lanterns have replaced theoriginals successfully in variouslocations including St. George’s Square,and include modern lamps, reflectorsand sealed bowls.Where additional units are required toachieve modern lighting requirements,and replica columns are impractical, asimple, black tapering column of similarproportions, interspersed in the patternof originals with accurately reproducedbrackets in line with the originals, is thesuggested solution.

Material / finish:Cast iron and fabricated sheetmetal

Options:Double bracket arm insimplified form and doubleversion with full bracket.

Colours:Gloss black ‘Dacrylate’ stickerresistant paint

British Standard:Not Applicable

Maintenance:Wash down and cleaning everyyear, repainting every 3 years

Comments:Traditional decorated formfound in Mayfair, Pimlico andBelgravia areas. Rochesterlantern found on a variety ofcolumn types.

Use:Retain and enhance in historiclocations.

Relates to:Cannon Bollard, City Bollard

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.05 continued

Mackenzie & MoncurContinued

This page shows the double bracketversion and a visualisation of how areplica bracket would look on a simpletapered column.

Material / finish:Cast iron and fabricated sheetmetal

Options:Double bracket arm insimplified form and doubleversion with full bracket.

Colours:Gloss black ‘Dacrylate’ stickerresistant paint

British Standard:Not Applicable

Maintenance:Wash down and cleaning everyyear, repainting every 3 years

Comments:Traditional decorated formfound in Mayfair, Pimlico andBelgravia areas. Rochesterlantern found on a variety ofcolumn types.

Use:Retain and enhance in historiclocations.

Relates to:Cannon Bollard, City Bollard

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.06

St. Martin-in-the-Fields

This design is only found in the Parishof St Martin-in-the-Fields and has beenrefitted with modern and efficientRochester type lanterns. Furthereditions have been produced and thecasting date indicates the provenancefor the benefit of future generations.

This design should NEVER be used inany other part of the City. Because of itsscale it us unsuitable for courts andnarrow streets. Wall mounted versionsdo exist and grouping should beconsidered for maximum impact.Isolated examples could be consideredfor relocation with the agreement of thePublic Realm Advisory Group as thisdesign has more impact in groups.

Material / finish:Cast Iron

Options:Wall mounted precedents.

Colours:Black Gloss ‘Dacrylate’ stickerresistant paint with red andgold highlights.

British Standard:Not Applicable.

Maintenance:Wash down every year andrepaint every three years.

Use:Only in St Martin’s in theFields Parish in streets andspaces with significant scale.

Relates to:Grey Wornum as next lanternof choice, Cannon Bollard,City Bollard and RochesterLanterns on EddystoneColumns. Bracketed Rochesterlanterns.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.07

Windsor Lanternwith Wall Bracket

This wall mounted version of atraditional lantern is a design classic thatrelates well to many traditional narrowstreets and alleys. It sits well on thesimple webbed bracket and has modernoptics and lamps, although theenclosure is not sealed against theingress of dirt.

The design does not necessarilytranslate well to column mounting (as itcan look ill proportioned on taller thantraditional columns). It is therefore bestconfined to wall fittings unlessspecifically approved by the PublicRealm Advisory Group.

The mounting height is important, as itis inappropriate at high level. It shouldgenerally be mounted no higher than5m – approximately the mid rail of firstfloor windows.

The bracket echoes the web on thetraffic control gate and a larger versionis needed to suspend the largerRochester lantern.

Material / finish:

Options:

Colours:Black gloss paint

British Standard:

Maintenance: Glassenclosure cleaning every 6months

Use: The default wallmounted lantern in traditionalareas with brick buildings andrubbed brick arches. In areaswhere there is a predominanceof Nico / Grosvenor Lanternsor the buildings are stucco'd orrobust Edwardian designs thesame bracket can take theNico / Grosvenor type as analternative.

Relates to: Canon Bollard,City Bollard

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.08

Rochester Lanternwith Wall Bracket

A wall mounted version of a commonlyused lantern in Westminster. It isappropriate in side streets, alleys andcourts that have sufficient scale to takethis large lantern and relates to the StMartin-in-the-Fields design, theRochesters found in Covent Gardenand the new lamps on refurbishedMackenzie & Moncur designs. There issufficient similarity to the GreyWornum designs for it to be used withthose.

The challenge symbol is present on thispage as it is possible to improve on thephotmontage bracket design bydeveloping the backplate for a widercover plate that will conceal all fixingsand connection gear.

Material / finish:Steel bracket

Colours:Black gloss paint

Maintenance:Wash every year and repaintevery three years.

Use: Side streets with limitedfootways where full lightingstandards are required.

Relates to: St Martinslanterns, Mackenzie MoncurLanterns, Rochester onEddystone columns andCannon and City Bollards.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.09

Conservation AreaDesignNorth and north west parts ofthe City

Two examples of "heritage" designsthat have been trialed in NorthWestminster Conservation areas anddemonstrate that mock heritage designsdevalue the real heritage items and lookungainly because the proportions ofcolumns are mis-matched with theproportions of the lantern.

These items may be maintained throughtheir reasonable life but when theyreach the point of significantrefurbishment or renewal, they shouldnot be perpetuated.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.10

Oxford Street Light

A one-off installation in the Westernpart of Oxford Street which dates fromthe early 1990’s.

There is related street furniture in thesame stepped design with ball finials.

There is a challenge here to find animproved design with a simple elegancethat could extend to nearby shoppingareas of Eastern Oxford street andRegent Street. For consistency and linksto other regenerated areas inWestminster the Paddington Range is acandidate and if street trials areimplemented and complete, theMillennium range may provide analternative.

This range is not to be used in any otherlocation.

Material / finish:

Options:Banner mounting

Colours:Gloss Black ‘Dacrylate’ stickerresistant paint

British Standard:

Maintenance:

Use:

Relates to:

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.11

PSPA Main RoadGeo Street Lighting Fixture

Recommended for use as part of thePublic Realm Design strategy, producedfor the Paddington Special Policy Areain June 2003, Unless speciallyauthorised, this should only be used instreets within the PSPA.

This light fixture lends itself to possiblewider use in the City, due to its elegantand inconspicuous style, and seamlessintegration of the strong characteristicsof established quality street furniture inthe City.

Comparison is needed with theperformance of the Millennium Rangebefore extension to other potential keystreets such as Oxford Street andRegent Street in the West End andVictoria.

Dimensions:Lamp Column10m Cylindro Conical ColumnBracket1.2mLuminaireRoadway Geo disc 750mm diameterPathway Geo disc 600mm diameter

Material / finish:Mild Steel/ Hot DippedGalvanised / PaintedMild steel outreach Bracketand cast aluminium luminaire.250 watt CDM-t Lamp.

Options:Banner mounting andChristmas DecorationConnection

Colours:Jet Black sticker resistant finish

British Standard:

Maintenance:

Use:Proposed for use in thePaddington Special PolicyArea as part of a wider publicrealm initiative

Relates to: other streetfurniture in the PSPA

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.12

PSPA Minor RoadGeo Street Lighting Fixture

Recommended for use as part of thePublic Realm Design strategy, producedfor the Paddington Special Policy Areain June 2003, unless specially authorisedthis should only be used in the PSPA.

This light fixture lends itself to possiblewider use in the city, due to its elegantand inconspicuous style, and seamlessintegration of the strong characteristicsof established quality street furniture inthe City.

Approximate Dimensions:

Lamp Column6m Cylindro Conical Column1m Integral Buried Root168mm Base Diameter

Bracket800mm

LuminaireGeo disc 600mm diameter

Material / finish:Mild Steel/ Hot DippedGalvanised / PaintedMild steel outreach Bracketand cast aluminium luminaire.150 watt CDM-t Lamp.

Options:

Colours:Jet Black sticker resistantfinish.

British Standard:

Maintenance:

Use:Proposed for use in thePaddington Special PolicyArea as part of a wider publicrealm initiative.

Relates to: other streetfurniture in the PSPA

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.13

Discus RangeNorth Area new Default

This design has been tested and meetsall the technical requirements forlighting in Westminster and alsoresembles the design selected for thePaddington Special Policy Area. Whilstnot quite as flat or silver as the PSPAdesign, it is simple, unobtrusive andrepresents good value. It is therefore avariant on the PSPA design suitable forwider application. It can be fitted tostandard steel poles, on main roads itcan be on a dressed column and in areaswhere extra elegance is required, can bemounted on the tapered column usedfor Mackenzie & Moncur area infillsolutions and in the PSPA.

It is recommended for use in theformer Boroughs of Paddington & StMarylebone (north of the Hyde ParkEstate i.e. Sussex Gardens and theMarylebone Road).

In the southern part of the City the wallmounted version may be used in narrowstreets and courts and alleys where thereis a modern or utilitarian townscape andthe use of other wall mounted optionswould appear too contrived.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.14

Millennium RangeUnder trial

This design has been the subject of adesign competition and subsequentdevelopment work.

Before widespread use in the City, thesystem is to be installed in VictoriaStreet. The lower part of the column isa triangular shape and is intended tocarry signs and other accessories toreduce street clutter.

It has potential, either with thetriangular column, or another columnused in the City, (the tapered type inparticular) and might be suitable foradoption elsewhere in streets needing adifferent image, such as Oxford Street.

The illustration shows prototypes of thelitter bin and guard railing.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.15

Wall mountedfloodlight

This type of lamp is suitable forflooding streets and open spaces withlight from high on buildings, providedwayleaves can be negotiated consistentlyand completely.

The lamps are relatively innocuous andon modern or robustly detailedcommercial buildings can be lessintrusive to the streetscape than columnmounted equipment.

The challenge symbol is on this page asthe opportunity exists for an even moreself-effacing design yet delivering thefull needs of modern lighting. Withsmaller lamps and reflectors this is nowpossible.

If the Millennium Range provessuccessful a wall mounted version ofthat lamp head may fill this challenge.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.16

Wall mounted Nico /Grosvenor

This wall mounted lantern is based on atraditional design and is shown here onthe small web bracket. Whilst theWindsor is suggested for areaspredominantly brick with brick archesto window heads, this design is suitablefor more decorated buildings of thelater Victorian and Edwardian eras,where there is strong windowdecoration and pediments to thewindows.

The Westminster Way – Part 2

Lighting 3.17

Windsor / EddystoneResidential Area alternative

In some areas where there is no strongtradition of lighting design, the Discustype lamp may be a controversial choiceand a more historic solution requested.

As noted elsewhere, small lanterns ontall columns can look ungainly and are apastiche of original styles.

This combination is based on historicalprecedent and the 1910 George Vcolumn coupled with the Windsorlantern (but a Rochester is an acceptablealternative) is suggested for suchinstallations.