Outline 1/17/07 Announcements Pick up CAPA sets #3 - outsidePick up CAPA sets #3 - outside Summer Research Mtg @ 6:30pmSummer Research Mtg @ 6:30pm

Today: Chapter 13: Organic nomenclature Functional Groups Polymer reactions…

Questions:

DISCUS posts = 82%CAPA set #1 = 100%

Good job.Good job.

Why is FPD constant in lab = 8.0 Why is FPD constant in lab = 8.0 °°C/C/mm??

Quiz #1 Please put your books & notes awayPlease put your books & notes away If you don’t have a calculator, set the If you don’t have a calculator, set the

problem up correctly for full credit…problem up correctly for full credit… Periodic table on the backPeriodic table on the back

Turn it over when you are done.Turn it over when you are done.

Quiz #1 Please turn the quiz over and pass it Please turn the quiz over and pass it

to your right.to your right.

Quiz #1 What did we learn from that?What did we learn from that?

““like dissolves like…”like dissolves like…”BPE: BPE: T = KT = Kbb mm ii

First semester material is First semester material is assumed…nomenclature, assumed…nomenclature, mole calculations, etc…mole calculations, etc…

Functional Groups

Carbon combines with other atoms (mainly H, N, O, S and halogens) to form “functional groups”

Sites of typical reactions Used to classify organic compounds Serve as a basis for naming compounds

Alcohols are organic compounds whose functional group is the hydroxyl group (or ..-OH) typically bonded to a tetrahedral carbon (i.e., four single bonds).

Functional Groups

Ethyl Alcohol

C OCH H

H H

H H

C OC

The hydroxyl functional group

H H

H H

H H

Ethyl Alcohol

C OC

Note that it’s attached to a

tetrahedral carbon

H H

H H

H H

Ethyl Alcohol

C OC

Four single -bonds

H H

H H

H H

Ethyl Alcohol

C OC

The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is

H H

H H

H H

Structural formulaEthyl Alcohol

C OC

The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is

CH3CH2OH

H H

H H

H H

Structural formulaEthyl Alcohol

C OC

The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is

CH3CH2OH

H H

H H

H H

Structural formulaEthyl Alcohol

C OC

The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is

CH3CH2OH

H H

H H

H H

Structural formulaEthyl Alcohol

C OC

The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is

CH3CH2OH

H H

H H

H H

Structural formulaEthyl Alcohol

C OC

The condensed structural formula for ethyl alcohol is

CH3CH2OH

The molecular formula is C2H6O

H H

H H

H H

Structural formulaEthyl Alcohol

Classification of Alcohols

Classified depending on the number of Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OHcarbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH

CH3 - C - OH

H

H

CH3 - C - OH

H

CH3

CH3 - C - OH

CH3

CH3

Classification of Alcohols

Classified depending on the number of Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OHcarbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH

CH3 - C - OH

H

H

CH3 - C - OH

H

CH3

CH3 - C - OH

CH3

CH3

Primary (1o)

Classification of Alcohols

Classified depending on the number of Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OHcarbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH

CH3 - C - OH

H

H

CH3 - C - OH

H

CH3

CH3 - C - OH

CH3

CH3

Primary (1o) Secondary (2o)

Classification of Alcohols

Classified depending on the number of Classified depending on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the -C-OHcarbon atoms bonded to the -C-OH

CH3 - C - OH

H

H

CH3 - C - OH

H

CH3

CH3 - C - OH

CH3

CH3

Primary (1o) Secondary (2o)

Tertiary (3o)

Amines The functional group of an amine is an The functional group of an amine is an

amino groupamino group - a nitrogen atom bonded - a nitrogen atom bonded to one, two or three carbon atomsto one, two or three carbon atoms

Really just ammonia, NHReally just ammonia, NH33, with one, two , with one, two

or three hydrogens replaced by a bond or three hydrogens replaced by a bond to a carbon atomto a carbon atom

H - N - H

H

:

ammonia

H - N - H

H

:methylamine (a 1o amine)

CH3

H - N - H

H

:

dimethylamine (a 2o amine)

CH3CH3 H - N - H

CH3

:

trimethylamine (a 3o amine)

CH3CH3

Amines

Aldehydes and Ketones AldehydesAldehydes and and ketonesketones contain a contain a

carbonyl group, C=Ocarbonyl group, C=O In an In an aldehydealdehyde, the , the carbonyl group carbonyl group is is

terminalterminal - - bonded to a hydrogen, abonded to a hydrogen, a - -CHO groupCHO group

In a In a ketoneketone, the , the carbonyl group carbonyl group is is internalinternal - bonded between two carbon - bonded between two carbon atomsatoms

H - C - C - C - H H - C - C - C - H

H H O

H H

H HO

H H

propanaldehyde acetone

Aldehydes and Ketonesterminal

carbonyl bonded to an H atom

H - C - C - C - H H - C - C - C - H

H H O

H H

H HO

H H

propanaldehyde

(an aldehyde)

acetone

(a ketone)

Internal carbonyl bonded to two C

atoms

Aldehydes and Ketones

H - C - C - C - H H - C - C - C - H

H H O

H H

H HO

H H

propanaldehyde

(an aldehyde)

acetone

(a ketone)

Aldehydes and Ketones

Condensed structural formula for acetone would be written as CH3COCH3

Condensed structural formula for propanaldehyde would be written as CH3CH2CHO or CH3CH2CH=O

Carboxylic Acids

Organic acids contain a Organic acids contain a carboxyl group carboxyl group …… .. -COOH -COOH

It’s a combination of a carbonyl (C=O) It’s a combination of a carbonyl (C=O) and a hydroxyl (-OH) groupand a hydroxyl (-OH) group

carbcarbonyl + hydronyl + hydroxyloxyl = = carbcarboxyloxyl

- C -

O=

-OH - C - OH

O=

The carboxyl group always terminates a The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atomschain of carbon atoms

CH3 - CH2 - C - OH

O=propanoic acid

Carboxylic Acids

The carboxyl group always terminates a The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atomschain of carbon atoms

CH3 - CH2 - C - OH

O=propanoic acid

Carboxylic Acids

Simplest condensed structural formula would be written as CH3CH2COOH or CH3CH2CO2H

The carboxyl group always terminates a The carboxyl group always terminates a chain of carbon atomschain of carbon atoms

CH3 - CH2 - C - OH

O=propanoic acid

Carboxylic Acids

Today’s factoid: Propanoic acid gives sharp cheddar cheese its bite!

Macromolecules

Macromolecule: a molecule consisting of Macromolecule: a molecule consisting of a large number (several hundred) of a large number (several hundred) of atomsatoms

Poly mer: A class of macromolecules.Poly mer: A class of macromolecules.

Monomer: small molecules linked Monomer: small molecules linked together to form polymers.together to form polymers.

many

Chemical Polymerization Reactions

There are four types of chemical There are four types of chemical polymerization reactions:polymerization reactions:

1.1. Free Radical Polymerizations.Free Radical Polymerizations.2.2. Condensation Polymerizations.Condensation Polymerizations.3.3. Cationic Polymerizations.Cationic Polymerizations.4.4. Anionic Polymerizations.Anionic Polymerizations.Only type 1 and 2 polymerizations in Only type 1 and 2 polymerizations in

Chapter 13…Chapter 13…