Post on 05-Jul-2018
1
SDG Indicator 2.a.1 the Agricultural Orientation Index for government expenditures
15 November 2016
Brian Carisma & Sangita Dubey
Statistics Division, FAO
2
1. Overview of SDG and the role of FAO 1.1 SDG Indicator 2.a.1 1.2 Indicator 2.a.1 and the 2016 SDG report 1.3 SDG 2.a.1 FAO data collection/compilation
2. Compiling GEA at Country Level 2.1 Questionnaire 2.2 Mapping of public institutions by GEA-related function 2.3 GEA data collection
3. Potential Extensions 4. Next step
Outline
3
2030 Development Agenda
Key Challenge: how to measure the indicator? Is the
data available? Does the methodology exist?
FAO- member country role?
Rationale for SDGs - economic growth alone not
enough to address socio-economic inequity
1.Overview of SDGs and the role of FAO
230 SDG indicators
17 Goals
169 targets
21 Indicators (FAO as custodian)
Indicator 2.a.1
(FAO & IMF)
230 SDG indicators
17 Goals
169 targets
4
Goal 2 (End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture) 8 targets
SDG Indicator 2.a.1 is agriculture orientation index (AOI) for government expenditure (central)*
Defined as:
Means of Implementation indicator for Goal 2 not a target indicator but away to monitor implementation of commitment of countries.
Tier 1 indicator - conceptually clear, established methodology and standards available and data regularly produced by countries.
http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/
* refers to the expenditures of Central Govt. In the absence of data, Budgetary Central Govt is used in lieu of Central Govt.
1.1 SDG Indicator 2.a.1
http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/
5
Derived indicator of two components: The 2 denominator components rely on the system of national accounts
(http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna.as)
The 2 numerator components rely on government finance statistics - the focus of the rest of the training
Takes into account the relative size of agriculture sector across countries.
A novel way of looking at government priority and allocation to the agriculture,
relative to other economic sectors and the total economy as a whole.
1.1 SDG 2.a.1 compilation
6
Why it matters?
1.1 SDG 2.a.1 compilation
Investing in agriculture is one of the most effective strategies for reducing poverty and hunger and promoting sustainability. Investing
in agriculture is one of the most effective ways of promoting agricultural
productivity, raising real incomes, reducing poverty and food insecurity,
and enhancing environmental sustainability.
The Addis Ababa Action Agenda (AAAA) lays out the steps the international community promises to take to fund the worlds new sustainable development agenda- countries can take this opportunity
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna.as)http://unstats.un.org/unsd/nationalaccount/sna.as)http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/CONF.227/L.1
7
Interpretation of values: AOI > 1 - prominence to agriculture than its contribution to the economy, as
measured by GDP
AOI < 1 - more prominence to non-agricultural sectors.
e.g. Countrys Y AOI = 0.5. This effectively means "For every unit spent of the of total central governments budget, agriculture gets half of what it should obtain if
allocation was according to contribution to GDP"
1.1 SDG 2.a.1 compilation
8
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Asia and the Pacific 16 18 18 20 23 23 25 28 28 26 26 27 27 23 16
Number of countries reporting Central Government* Spending in A&P Region, 2001-2015
Inverse relationship between the agriculture value added and the AOI
Interpretation of values (cont.)- Asia and the Pacific countries :
1.1 SDG 2.a.1 compilation
* Central Govt = CG else BA
9
1.2 The first SDG Report (2016)
http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2016/
10
FAO obtains country data from? GEA data from, questionnaire to
countries, supplemented by:
IMF GFS data; Country publications, statistical
yearbooks & official reports;
Other International databases (e.g. AfDB, OECD/Eurostat)
National Accounts data from the UN Statistics Division Main Aggregates
What are country data sources? Administrative budget data Budget execution and Financial
statements
National Accounts
1.3 SDG 2.a.1 - FAO data collection
http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/?indicator=2.a.1
http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/?indicator=2.a.1http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/?indicator=2.a.1
11
FAO GEA Questionnaire and IMF GFS Questionnaire are the key vehicles for FAO data collection for the
government expenditures in agriculture component of
SDG 2.a.1 Questionnaire- based data collection
FAO Government expenditure on agriculture (GEA) Functional classification of expenditure in GFS/COFOG Extension of the standard IMF template to support FAO
analytical needs Addition of specific COFOG groups pertaining to Agriculture (and
subsectors) and Environmental Protection.
FAO GEA and IMF GFS Questionnaires
1.3 FAOs GEA data collection
12
1.3 FAOs GEA data collection
Step 1:
Identify key responsible departments
Step 2:
Determine a key focal
person
Step 3:
Pre-populate
FAO questionna
ire with previous FAO and IMF data
Step 4:
Dispatch FAO
questionnaire
Step 5:
Validate received
data
Step 6: Supplement
non-respondse with data from IMF,
other national sources, Eurostat,
OECD
FAO Statistics Division formally launched the GEA questionnaire in 2012, now on its 4th global collection, requesting Budgetary Central
Government at a minimum (and its subsectors, as relevant)
- FAO provides pre-filled questionnaires to facilitate comparability of disaggregated series
FAO seeks your assistance in compiling the questionnaire or in identifying appropriate contacts
Queries may be addressed to: - Investment-data@fao.org
13
FAO Government Expenditure on Agriculture: Data Collection (3/3)
1.3 FAOs GEA data collection
Agricultural Expenditure:
Who and on what? (1/2)
14
What constitutes agriculture expenditure? ISIC Rev 3.1. Section A+ B Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting (COFOG code 7042)
Agriculture (crops and animal husbandry)- (Code 70421)
Forestry - (Code 70422)
Fishing and hunting - (Code 70423)
2. Compiling GEA at country level
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=17&Top=2&Lg=3
Government expenditure in agriculture refers to all non-repayable payments whether capital or current, by governments.
mailto:Investment-data@fao.orgmailto:Investment-data@fao.orgmailto:Investment-data@fao.orghttp://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=17&Top=2&Lg=3http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=17&Top=2&Lg=3
Agricultural Expenditure:
Who and on what? (2/2)
15
A framework to assess governments role in and contribution to agriculture and rural development:
Compile and analyze data consistent with internationally recognized macroeconomic statistical systems GFS-based questionnaire format should reduce reporting burden
Enhance and provide additional value-added to the data already collected by IMF according to COFOG Disaggregation of IMF aggregates on government expenditure in
Agricultural between capital and recurrent spending (expense and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets)
Harmonize these data as fully as possible with three other investment datasets, and with U.N. SNA-based 2012 System of Environmental-Economic Accounts (SEEA) Central Framework (http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/seearev/)
2. Compiling GEA at country level
16
10
Functions
+ select
Groups but no
Classes
COFOG classifications
2.1 GFS Yearbook Table 7
17
Total + Key
Agri-
related
Functions +
select
Groups + related
Classes along with
recurrent
and capital
split, where
feasible
COFOG classifications
2.1 FAO GEA Questionnaire
Example: Thailand
18
Total + Key
Agri-
related
Functions +
select
Groups + related
Classes along with
recurrent
and capital
split, where
feasible
GEA vs GFS questionnaire
2.1 GEA vs COFOG Questionnaire
Government Ministry of Chile
Ministry of the Interior and Public Security
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of National Defense
Ministry of Finance
Ministry General Secretariat of the Presidency
Ministry General Secretariat of Government
Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism
Ministry of Social Development
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Justice and Human Rights
Ministry of Labor and Social Forecast
Ministry of Public Works
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning
Ministry of Agriculture
Ministry of Mining
Ministry of Transport and Communications
Ministry of National Assets
Ministry of Energy
Ministry of the Environment
Ministry of Women and Gender Equality
Ministry of Sport
National Council of Culture and the Arts
Identifiy relevant ministries involved in GEA-type function and expenditures
Which among ministries listed on the right you likely consider?
2.2 Mapping public institutions by
GEA-related function
2.2 Mapping of public institutions by
GEA-related function
If possible, identify the lowest level of public institution that deliver GEA-related functions
http://si3.bcentral.cl/estadisticas/Principal1/Estudios/CCNN/sector_institucional/see77.pdf
MINISTRY DEPARTMENT PROGRAM
SECRETARIAT OF FISHERIES SECRETARIAT OF FISHERIES
FISHERY ADMINISTRATION FUND
AQUACULTURE STRENGTHENING
NATIONAL FISHERY SERVICE NATIONAL FISHERY SERVICE
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT PROGRAM
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC
WORKS
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF
PUBLIC WORKS DIRECTION OF HYDRAULIC WORKS
SECRETARIAT OF AGRICULTURE SECRETARIAT OF AGRICULTURE
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL
INNOVATION SILVOAGROPECUARIA
OFFICE OF STUDIES AND
AGRICULTURAL POLICIES
OFFICE OF STUDIES AND AGRICULTURAL
POLICIES
INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT
RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IV REGION
COASTAL SECTION PROJECT
AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK
SERVICE AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK SERVICE
INSPECTIONS EXPORTS SILVO-PRACTICE
LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL FOREST CORPORATION NATIONAL FOREST CORPORATION
SPECIAL PROGRAMS
PROJECT PRODUCTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENT
NATIONAL IRRIGATION
COMMISSION NATIONAL IRRIGATION COMMISSION
MINISTRY OF
ECONOMY,
DEVELOPMENT AND
TOURISM
MINISTER OF
AGRICULTURE
http://si3.bcentral.cl/estadisticas/Principal1/Estudios/CCNN/sector_institucional/see77.pdfhttp://si3.bcentral.cl/estadisticas/Principal1/Estudios/CCNN/sector_institucional/see77.pdf
2.2 Mapping classification of public
institutions by GEA-related function
MINISTRY DEPARTMENT PROGRAM COFOG COFOG DESCRIPTION
SECRETARIAT OF FISHERIES SECRETARIAT OF FISHERIES 70423 Fishing and hunting
FISHERY ADMINISTRATION FUND 70423 Fishing and hunting
AQUACULTURE STRENGTHENING 70423 Fishing and hunting
NATIONAL FISHERY SERVICE NATIONAL FISHERY SERVICE 70423 Fishing and hunting
ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT PROGRAM 7054 Protection of Biodiversity and Landscape
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC
WORKS
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF
PUBLIC WORKS DIRECTION OF HYDRAULIC WORKS 70421 Agriculture
SECRETARIAT OF AGRICULTURE SECRETARIAT OF AGRICULTURE 7042 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL
INNOVATION SILVOAGROPECUARIA 70482 R&D Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
OFFICE OF STUDIES AND
AGRICULTURAL POLICIES
OFFICE OF STUDIES AND AGRICULTURAL
POLICIES 7042 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTE FOR AGRICULTURAL
DEVELOPMENT 70421 Agriculture
RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT IV REGION 70421 Agriculture
COASTAL SECTION PROJECT 70421 Agriculture
AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK
SERVICE AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK SERVICE 7042 Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
INSPECTIONS EXPORTS SILVO-PRACTICE 70421 Agriculture
LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT 70421 Agriculture
NATIONAL FOREST CORPORATION NATIONAL FOREST CORPORATION 70422 Forestry
SPECIAL PROGRAMS 7054 Protection of Biodiversity and Landscape
PROJECT PRODUCTIVITY AND ENVIRONMENT 7054 Protection of Biodiversity and Landscape
NATIONAL IRRIGATION
COMMISSION NATIONAL IRRIGATION COMMISSION 70421 Agriculture
MINISTRY OF
ECONOMY,
DEVELOPMENT AND
TOURISM
MINISTER OF
AGRICULTURE
Global implementation of reporting of detailed annual data integrated with National Accounts Data on GDP and
Agriculture Value-Added
- Priorities in reporting Government Expenditure on Agriculture data
o Budgetary Central Government short-term objective
o Recurrent and capital expenditures short- to medium-term objective
o General Government series medium-term objective (including state and local government expenditures)
22
FAO Government Expenditure on Agriculture: Data Reporting (1/3)
2.3 GEA Data Reporting
23
GEA collects data on Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing and Environmental Protection
GEA is mainly agriculture-specific expenditure
Should GEA include agriculture-supportive expenditures as well?
What additional COFOG codes to include? What additional functions and activities to consider?
GEA to include Rural development? How to define rural development; parameters to include?
How to address cross classification of expenditure? e.g. multi-purpose development projects, such as the
development of integrated facilities for flood control and irrigation,
which would fall under GFS code 70474.
3. Potential extension something to think about
24
Develop e-learning materials for SDG indicator under FAO custodianship
Develop and identify experts to train the trainers
Collaborate with Regional Associations and the IMF
Develop SDMX protocol for exchanging data, first between FAO and the IMF
Other issue?
4. Next steps
For more information or a detailed
presentation on SGDs and for training
request, please contact:
FAO Statistics Division
Pietro Gennari, Chief Statistician: ESS-Director@fao.org
Sangita Dubey, Senior Statistician/Economics Team Leader:
sangita.dubey@fao.org
Brian Carisma, Investment Statistician: brian.carisma@fao.org
- End-
mailto:ESS-Director@fao.orgmailto:ESS-Director@fao.orgmailto:ESS-Director@fao.orgmailto:sangita.dubey@fao.orgmailto:brian.carisma@fao.org
- Annex -
Scope of GEA-related activities
- Annex-
- Annex-