Transcript of Our aim is to make an automatic robot that can follow a white lined path placed over a black...
- Slide 1
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Our aim is to make an automatic robot that can follow a white
lined path placed over a black background. If the robot goes out of
track then it senses the black region and returns to the white
line.
- Slide 4
- The robot consists of 2 light detecting sensors paired with led
s. We know that white color reflects the light very well and the
black surface doesnt reflect any light. The light emitted by the
led s is reflected is reflected back to the light sensors and the
robot moves forward. If the sensors come to the black region no
light is reflected from the led s so the robot stops
immediately.
- Slide 5
- IC7805 REGULATOR (9V-5V) LM324N COMPARATOR ULN2003 AMPLIFIER
LDR (LIGHT SENSORS) LED POTENTIOMETER 10K 4 PIN CONNECTOR CARBON
RESISTANCE OF 10K CARBON RESISTANCE OF 100
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- This technology can be used for preventing an automobile from
getting on to the off road by controlling the electronic breaks
present in the vehicles preventing it from a great accident. This
circuit should be placed in the middle of the breaks and supply.
The only investment is to paint the roads with white near the
medians and at extreme left of the roads.
- Slide 8
- So if a car get on to this white region the breaks gets
operated preventing a great accident The only defect is this
technology cannot be implemented during rain as the black region
also starts reflecting light. This technology is the key for future
generation where cars dont have steering wheel and only has
accelerators and breaks.
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- WIRELESS ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION MAGNETIC INDUCTION
WIRELESS TRANSMISSION OF CURRENT IS BASED ON THE ELECTRO MAGNETIC
INDUCTION.
- Slide 11
- Nikola Tesla was the first person to work on this concept. This
is based on the Faradays law of electromagnetic induction. The
faraday s law states that when a coil of wire cut a magnetic field
or when the magnetic field cuts the coil of wire, current is
induced in the wire. INTRODUCTION
- Slide 12
- In the case of a D.C current the magnetic field created is
constant and so the magnetic field should be interrupted as to make
a difference in potential in the coil. Whereas in A.C current the
magnetic field generated is varying and this varying magnetic field
creates an e.m.f in the coil without any movement in the coil.
Hence A.C current can be used for the transmission of the current.
With A.C, a magnetic field is generated and is used to transmit
electricity without any physical contact or connecting each other
with wires.
- Slide 13
- COMPONENTS Resistor ( ) Capacitor Transistor L.E.D Copper Coil
Connecting wire
- Slide 14
- The D.C current is first converted to A.C current. The
converted current is then passed through a coil (primary coil) of
wire to create a varying magnetic field. So when a coil of copper
wire is brought on the track of this magnetic field the copper coil
(secondary coil) gains a potential difference. And finally the A.C
current is used in the circuit to light up an L.E.D. The A.C
current is a varying current which changes its polarities. But it
will not make any difference as the L.E.D blinks so fast that we
would not be able to identify the difference and we may get a
constant glow. Where as in the case a D.C current the current
flowing is constant and the bulb or an L.E.D will glow
constantly.
- Slide 15
- -permeability of free space
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- In the case of a straight wire the direction of magnetic lines
of force can be found out by placing the thumb of right hand along
the direction of current. The direction of magnetic lines is along
the direction of our other fingers. But in the case of a coil of
wire it contains n- loops. In the case of a loop it contains minute
straight lines. So the resultant direction is different in the case
of a loop. The direction of magnetic lines of force in the case of
a loop can be determined by placing all the fingers except the
thumb along the direction of current and the thumb must be kept
perpendicular to the other fingers as shown in the figure. Then the
thumb gives the directions of the magnetic lines of force.
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Generating power by placing satellites with giant solar arrays
in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit and transmitting the power as
microwaves to the earth known as Solar Power Satellites (SPS) is
the largest application of WPT. Another application of WPT is
moving targets such as fuel free airplanes, fuel free electric
vehicles, moving robots and fuel free rockets. The other
applications of WPT are Ubiquitous Power Source (or) Wireless Power
Source, Wireless sensors and RF Power Adaptive Rectifying Circuits
(PARC).
- Slide 20
- This technology is being used in charging mobile phones. This
can be used in connecting networks which are situated in places
that are impossible to connect to.
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- TThis is a hand testing game to see how shaky ones hand is.
TThe principle of the game is very simple !. TThere is a maze over
which one has to move a circular loop. If the hand is shaky then
loop touches the maze and there is a sound showing that you have
failed in the game. IIf the hand is not shaky then one can bring
the loop from the start to end of the maze
- Slide 25
- TThe circuit consist of a led, 470 resistor, a 9V battery, a
switch and a buzzer. TThe positive of the battery is connected to
the led s anode through a c cc current limiting resistor. TThe
negative of the battery is connected to the maze. TThe cathode of
the led is connected to the loop through a switch. AA buzzer is
also connected to make the game more interesting. WWhenever the
loop touches the maze the circuit is completed and the led and
buzzer gets supply at the same time and the user loses his
chance.
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Ohms law states that the potential difference across two points
is directly proportional to the current flowing through the two
points or in other words, the ratio of the voltage to current is a
constant. That is when the resistance in between the two points
increases the current flowing through the two points decreases to
maintain the same potential difference. Similarly when the
resistance in between the two points decreases the current flowing
through the two points increases to maintain the same potential
difference.
- Slide 29
- This is the demonstration of the Ohms law. A led and a buzzer
are connected to a variable resistor. Changing the resistance
changes the current passing through the led and buzzer. The circuit
consists of a led, pot, buzzer, a 470 resistor, a variable resistor
10 K pot and a buzzer. The Ohms law is demonstrated by varying the
potentiometer.
- Slide 30
- WWhen the resistance of the pot is at 0K the resistance is very
low and therefore maximum current flows in the circuit and the led
gives its maximum light and buzzer its maximum sound. When the
resistance of the pot is at 10K the resistance is very high and
therefore a very low current flows in the circuit and the led gives
its minimum light and buzzer its minimum sound. I In an
intermediate position the led glows according to the available
current.
- Slide 31
- This can be shown by varying the pot in one direction and the
led dims gradually and in the other direction it brightens up
gradually. Similarly the buzzer sound is also increased in one
direction and decreased in the other direction. This is a simple
and effective demonstration of Ohms law which every one can
understand easily.
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Infra red sensor is a circuit which enables us to detect infra
red leakage in nuclear power plants. Here is a basic model which
can detect ir radiations even if the source is quite far. The
circuit consists of an stop 1738,ne555,led and some wires and
capacitors of value less than 1uf.
- Slide 35
- Slide 36