Post on 05-Dec-2014
description
Other aspects of communication
Communication is enhanced by paralinguistic
(“beyond language”) and non linguistic message.
ExamplePa
ralin
gu
isti
c Intonation, stress, rate of speech, and pauses and hesitation.
Non
lin
gu
isti
c
gesture, facial expression, and body language.
Language Attitudes
Are some languages
better than
others?
One prevalent attitude is that
some languages or varieties of
language are more correct or better
than others.
Example of answering the phone with varieties of language of the Spanish.
Argentina pick up the phone and
says “allo” (hello)
Latin pick up the receiver and say “diga” (speak)
Mexican say “bueno” (good or
well)
None of these responses is better than any other.
Depending on where you are, there are many appropriate ways to answer the phone in
Spanish.
Are some language
more expressive
than others?
“An expression of this bias is that some languages are less logical
than others. while all
languages may be inherently
capable of serving all
purpose human may ask of them, specific language evolve differently
through processes of
variation, adaptation, and
selection.” - Mariel Saville-
Troike (1982,p.82)
Some languages barrow to
meet expanding technological needs.
• Example of barrowed language
English• tele
phone
Hebrew• tele
phone
Neologism
by addin
g suffix
es and
prefixes.
• Solvable (solve), lemonade (lemon), formalism (formal).
By making acronyms
• Asap (as soon as possible), modem (modulator-demodulator), laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation).
By blending,
shorten or clip
words
• Flu (influenza), exam (examination), fax (facsimile), photo (photograph), Motel (motor and hotel).
Linguists agree that all language are
linguistically equal and that every
language is equally capable of expressing whatever its speaker
need to communicate.
Lan
gu
ag
e
vari
eti
es
standard
dialect
Pidgins and creoles
register
But it is slang?
•Standard
It is commonly assumed that there are standard , fixed and correct form of a language against which we can measure a given sample of that language.The term standard is elusive precisely because it has its roots in politics rather than in any basics truth about language.
•Dialect
Dialects are variation of a language used by particular groups of people.
Water pistol on the east coast of the united
states is a squirt gun on
the west coast.
In Spanish, a peach is
melocotón in Puerto Rico and Durazno
in Mexico.
Example
Pidgins and Creoles
Pidgins
Sometimes language in contact produce pidgins.
This happens when speakers of two different languages, compelled to
talk to each other, develop a bare-bones
code for communication.
Pidgin become creoles when new generation learns about
it.
Creoles
Pidgin• Limited and
simplified language.
Creole• More
complex and elaborate than pidgins which they evolve.
good nyews bout Jedus Christ wa Luke 2:10. bot da angel tell um say,”mus don’t feah!ahabe good nyews. Cause ob dis nyews, oona gwine rejoice. All de people gwine rejaice tommuch.
Luke 2:10
And the angel said unto them, fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people.
Register
People use different varieties of language, depending on the setting, relationship, between speakers, and function of the interaction.
A register is a situationally appropriate form of language.
But it is Slang?
The word slang is
commonly used to refer,
somewhat pejoratively,
to non-standard speech.
Dork, jerk idiot, and moron.
Example