Post on 03-Jan-2016
A note on standards
The A4 page– Does not limit what may
be written– Does not prevent other
sizes being used– Permits “emergent”
actions – e.g. filing - and other products – files, cabinets…
Pre-LD (1997-)• Emerging VLEs (LMS)• Educom (now Educause) establishes Instructional
Management Systems (IMS) Project to explore how to achieve interoperability
• No clear reference model• Initial spec for whole system interoperability
huge and rejected• Component specs
– Content packaging, metadata, enterprise, learner information, question and test
But where’s the pedagogy?
• Is pedagogy only represented in content?
• What about group learning and other pedagogies?
• How can these be represented online?
Online pedagogy
• LMS only provide for delivery of content, tests and information + learner management
• No system actively supports wide range of pedagogies
• What would a spec look like?
OUNL and EML
• Educational Modelling Language• Can represent most widely used pedagogical
approaches• Forms the basis for the development of an
interoperability spec – IMS LD• Commenced 2000, spec 2003• Core model:
People do activities using resources
Reminder about standards
• Remember the A4 example?• About online learning • Allowing emergent actions and products
– Learning without boundaries– Re-use, remixing of elements
Aims of IMS LD spec
• Completeness• Pedagogical Flexibility• Personalization• Formalization• Reproducibility• Interoperability• Compatibility• Reusability
Elements of IMS LD
People do activities using resources• People take roles• Staff type:
– Teacher, tutor, instructor, facilitator…
• Learner type:– Learner, facilitator, scribe, chair, team leader– Roles within role plays
LD Elements
A Unit of learning contains– At least one “Play” –
optional paths
A Play contains – a sequence of “Acts”
Acts contain – a collection of
“Activities”, some of which may be sequenced
A Module– May have optional paths
A Module contains– A sequence of lessons
Lessons contain– a collection of
“Activities”, some of which may be sequenced
Unit of Learning
TitleDescriptionLearning ObjectivesPrerequisitesURI
Play
TitleCompletion rule
(e.g. after a period)Completion feedback
Act
TitleCompletion rule
(e.g. after a period)Completion feedback
Activities– State what should be
done– Support activities– Learning activities– Can be in sequences– May use learning
resources– May require software
services (like a forum or an email service)
Properties– Title– Description– Learning Objectives– Prerequisites– Completion rule– Completion feedback– Environments (materials
and tools)
Role-parts
Role-part is a role doing an activity
Teacher A presents a lesson on Ohm’s Law
Learners in group B discuss the causes of WW2
Learning resources• Learning objects (for interoperability’s sake!)
– Web page– IMS content packages
• Learning service types– Sendmail – email, – Conference - forum, chat…– Actual system not specified at design stage– Other cool stuff?
• Learning objects and services are assembled into environments (for the sake of re-use!)
Design, prepare, deliver
• Design – roles, activities, service types– Learning design editor– previewing
• Prepare – add people, actual systems, dates– Editor? Or runtime system?
• Deliver a “run” with these people – actually do it.– Runtime engine and interface
Where it gets complicated
• … or do I mean sophisticated?• Properties and conditions (level B)
– Activities can branch depending on rules– Different roles can follow different paths
• Notifications (level C)– Allowing control at runtime
• Challenge for User Interface or designer learning
learner
staff
role activity environment
activity structure
learning activity
support activity
learning object service
Method
Play(s)
Act(s)
role-part(s)
learning objective
pre-requisites
condition
property
person
outcomenotification
Progress since IMS LD 1.0 (2003)
• RELOAD editor• UNFOLD project• SLED• Design for Learning projects
– Liverpool Hope
• OpenDocument.net repository• TENCompetence
Questions
• Does eLearning need a LD standard?• Is IMS LD on the right track?• Does it need updating?• Is it relevant in a web 2.0 world?• What are the next steps?