Post on 28-Mar-2015
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S A R E T H E C O M P O U N D S T H AT C O N TA I N C A R BO N
T H E Y C A N B E F O U N D I N P R O D U C T S M A D E F R O M L I V I N G T H I N G S O R T H I N G S T H AT A R E A RT I F I C I A L LY P R O D U C E D .
T H E Y A R E PA RT T H E S O L I D M ATT E R O F E V E RY O R G A N I S M O N E A RT H.
RAW M AT E R I A L S F O R M O S T M A N U FAC T U R E D O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S C O M E F R O M P E T R O L E U M O R C R U D E O I L .
M A N Y O R G A N I C C O M P O U N D S H AV E S I M I L A R P R O P E RT I E S I N T E R M S O F H AV I N G M E LT I N G P O I N T S , BO I L I N G P O I N T S , O D O R , E L E C T R I C A L C O N D U C T I V I T Y , A N D S O LU B I L I T Y.
M A N Y H AV E LO W M E LT I N G A N D LO W BO I L I N G P O I N T S
T H E Y T E N D T O H AV E S T R O N G O D O R S
D O N ’ T C O N D U C T E L E C T R I C C U R R E N T
A N D D O N ’ T D I S S O LV E I N WAT E R.
CARBON COMPOUNDS
BY Lily, Jorge, and Skyler
Carb
on
Ato
ms Carbon atoms act as the
backbone of a skeleton or the molecules of these compounds. Carbon compounds include gases such as, propane; liquids such as, olive oil; and solids such as, cotton. Mixtures of compounds can be found in food, paper, and shampoo.
organic compounds
organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon. the term is used because scientists once thought that organic compounds could only be produced by living things. but, now scientists know that they can also be artificially produced.
many organic compounds have similar properties in terms of melting points, boiling points, odor, electrical conductivity, and solubility.
many organic compounds have low melting points and low boiling points. as a result they have strong odors.
hydrocarbons
the simplest organic compounds are hydrocarbons.
a hydrocarbon is a compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon.
Methane, the main gas in natural gas, and it is used to heat homes
Propane
STRUCTURE OF HYDROCARBONS
By: Athena the awesome
Caden the grey
Marleen the sparkles
CARBON CHAINS
A hydrocarbon may be straight,
branched or ring shaped
They can be straight or branched
STRUCTURE FORMULA
A structure formula shows
the kind, number and
arrangement of atoms in a
molecule.
METHANE CH4
ETHANE C2H6
PROPANE C3H8
Isomer
Compound that have the same chemical formula but different structural
formulas.
Butane and Isobutane
Carbon can form a single or double bond with
oxygen Structural formulas represent a double bond
with a double dash between two elements A triple bond is indicated by a triple dash
Double and Triple bonds
Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbonsBy Andrew MartinPenny KibbeJaquie Macias
Contents Saturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Saturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Unsaturated Hydrocarbons ConclusionS
Saturated Hydrocarbons Saturated Hydrocarbons are
hydrocarbons (molecules with only Hydrogen and Carbon Atoms) in which all bonds are single bonds
It has the maximum number of atoms in the valence field
All saturated hydrocarbons end in the suffixes –ane
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons in which at least one or
more bonds are double or triple All unsaturated hydrocarbons end in the
suffix –ene or –yne.
Simplest unsaturated Hydrocarbon and Function The simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon
with one double bond is ethene (C2H4) Fruits produce ethene gas because it
helps the fruit ripen. The simplest hydrocarbon with one
triple bond is ethyne (C2H2), also known as acetylene.
Acetylene torches are used for welding.
Conclusion Saturated Hydrocarbons Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Saturated Hydrocarbons Classifying Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Conclusion
Substituted Hydrocarbons
And compounds containing halogens
• Hydrocarbons contain only one carbon and one hydrogen
• Carbon can form stable bonds with several other elements
• Substituted hydrocarbon- atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon
• Hydrocarbons include- halogen-containing compounds, alcohols, and organic acids
• One or more halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms• Halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and
iodine• Freon is used as a cooling liquid in refrigerators and air
conditioners
Chapter 8 Stuff
By: Pierson, Caius, Joe
Substituted Hydrocarbons
• Substituted Hydrocarbons are where atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon.
• If you change on hydrocarbon it becomes a completely different compound.
• The carbon can bond with many other elements like oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens
Compounds Containing Halogens
• In some substituted hydrocarbons one or more halogens replace hydrogen atoms.
• Halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
• Freon is used as a as a cooling agent in refrigerators.
Alcohols
• An alcohol is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxyl groups.
• They have high boiling points and dissolve well in water
• When a hydroxyl group is substituted for one hydrogen atom in ethane, the result is ethanol.
• Ethanol is produced naturally by the action of yeast or bacteria on the sugar stored in corn.
Organic Acids
• An organic acid is a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups.
• A carboxyl group is written as –COOH• You can find organic acids in many foods
Esters
• An ester is a compound made by chemically combining an alcohol and an organic acid.
• Many esters smell like fruit• Esters are responsible for the smell of many
fruits• Some esters are used in medicines like aspirin
By: Jack, Ruysch, and Max
*Esters & Polymers
*Chapter 8 Section 2
*In chapter 8, our science textbook explains carbon compounds. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon within them. It also talks about hydrocarbon, isomers, the carboxyl group, monomers, and so on.
*Esters
*An ester is a compound made by chemically combining alcohol and an organic acid.
*Polymers
*Very large molecules made of a chain of smaller molecules bonded together is a polymer. The prefix poly means “many” and mono means “one”.
*Other Polymers
*Some polymers are made by many living things. Examples are sheep growing wool and cotton fibers from cotton seeds. Synthetic polymers are made in factories. Nylon or polyesters are synthetic polymers.