Post on 11-Jan-2016
description
T. Mazeh, Leuven: Extrasolar planets
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Discovery of new binaries (and brown dwarfs and massive
planets )
with the relativistic beaming effect
The difference from our own Solar system
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• Giant planets far away (>5 AU)
• Circular orbits
• Planetary orbits aligned with the Solar spin (Obliquity < 7 deg)
In the solar system:
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The main paradigm for planetary formation:
Accretion disc
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51 PegMayor & Queloz 1995
daysP
MiSinM
001.0229.4
05.047.0)(
JupPlanet
The new era: Precision ~10 m/s
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Earth
Jupiter
Neptune
RV
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Planets discovered by RV
Mass distribution
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• Giant planets far away
• Circular orbits
• Orbits aligned with Solar spin
Planets discovered by RV
Period distribution
Close-in giant planets
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Migration
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HD80606(Naef et al. 2001)e=0.93P=112 daysmsini=4MJup
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• Giant planets far away
• Circular orbits
• Orbits aligned with Solar spin
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Transits
The inclination (i) must be very close to 90°P
R R
atransitp
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The first known observation of a transit of Venus was made by Jeremiah Horrocks from his home at Carr House in Much Hoole, near Preston in England, on 4 December 1639 (24 November under the Julian calendar then in use in England). His friend, William Crabtree, also observed this transit from Broughton, near Manchester.
Transit of Venus
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HD 209458Mazeh et al., 2000
daysP
MiSinM
orbit 524.3
68.0)(
JupPlanet
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HD 209458
Phase consistent with the radial velocities
Charbonneau, Brown, Latham & Mayor 2000
Henry, Marcy, Butler & Vogt 2000
Depth: ~1.5%
Duration: ~2.5 hours
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HD209458Brown, Charbonneau, Gilliland, Noyes & Burrows, 2001,
1.07.86
06.035.1
i
RR JupPlanet
3cm g 35.0
HST photometry
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HAT-P-2 May 2007
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Orbit of planet
Transiting planets
Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination
(obliquity)
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Orbit of planet
Spin-orbit relative inclination
Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination
(obliquity)
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The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect
Gaudi & Winn 2007:
rotationplanet VR
rV *,
2
**
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Obliquity of extrasolar planets
Winn, Fabrycky, Albrecht, Johnson, 2010:
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Winn et al. 2009
HAT-P-7
deg4.95.182
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• Giant planets far away
• Circular orbits
• Orbits aligned with Solar spin
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Migration
Migration ?Highly eccentric orbits
&
Spin-orbit MISalignment
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Migration ?
Highly eccentric orbits
&
Spin-orbit MISalignment
Planet-planet interactione.g., Juric & Tremaine 2008
• Stars around the center of our galaxy
• Oort cloud
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A French CNES mission with European partners & Brazil 27cm telescope with polar orbit Launched on 12 / 27 / 2006
The CoRoT mission
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First detected by alarm mode 153 transits,
all ~ seen when superimposed
Short period : P= 0.8536 days
>> transit depth : F/F = 0.035%=350 ppm compatible with Rpl = 1.8R
CoRoT-7b: first super –earth transiting planet
earthMM 5
d=150pc
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CoRoT-7b Synchronization
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The Kepler mission
A NASA mission 95 cm telescope with earth-trailing orbit Launched on 07 / 03 / 2009
~170,000 stars monitored for (3.5) 7 yrs
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Period Mass
(days) (Earth mass)
10.3 4.3 b
13.0 13.5 c
22.7 6.1 d
40.0 8.4 e
46.7 2.3 f
118.4 3 g
Kepler-11
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Observations of Kepler-34
Welsh et al., Nature 481, 475 (26 January 2012)
P=27.7958103+/-0.000001 d
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Observations of Kepler-34.
Welsh et al., Nature 481, 475 (26 January 2012)
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Observations of Kepler-34.
Welsh et al., Nature 481, 475 (26 January 2012)
P=27.7958103+/-0.000001 d
Circumbinary planet
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Kepler-47
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Kepler-47
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Kepler-47
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Kepler-47
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• Giant planets far away
• Circular orbits
• Planetary orbits aligned with the Solar spin (Obliquity ~ 7 deg)
In the solar system:
One central star
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Grether & Lineweaver 2006
The Brown-Dwarf Desert
in CoRoT and Kepler Lightcurves
Tsevi Mazeh & Simchon FaiglerTel Aviv University
BEaming, Ellipsoidal & Reflection effects
BEER algorithm to discover short-period binaries
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Leob & Gaudi 2003
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Beaming effect in binaries
c
V
F
F r4
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Heating (and reflection) effect
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Ellipsoidal effect
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S. Faigler, T. Mazeh, S. Quinn, D. Latham, L. Tal-Or
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Grether & Lineweaver 2006
~150,000 Kepler stars
~150,000 CoRoT stars
the desert will become a pool of water, and the dry land springs of water.
we will make the Brown dwarf desert a pool of BEER..……
Brown Dwarf Desert
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Thank you