Well / Kinar Recharging

Jos C Raphael

Director

District Rainwater Harvesting Mission (DRHM)

(Mazhapolima)

Thrissur

Kinar Recharging under Kerala Contexts

• 3000 mm Average Annual Rainfall

• 2.5 lakhs ltrs of Rainwater in 1000 sq.ft

• 1.2 lakhs ltrs of Rainwater in One Cent of land

• 200 Homestead open dug wells in a Sq.km

• Above 95% households have toilets in homesteads with leach pit / septic tanks/ others.

• Ground Water Table goes down in summer and have well water quality issues from Iron / salinity

• House Toilet pits and Hydrological seepages common: e-coli bacteria noticed in above 80% wells

• Saline Ingress in the coastal belt

Changing Well Scenario

• More houses and more wells, bore wells, filter points • Low use of ponds and rivers for bathing and

domestic uses. • Introduction of motor pump and excessive pumping.

Low dissolved Oxygen levels. • Wells unused once pipe water introduced • Agriculture and crop pattern changed (Ex: Rubber,

paddy, Teak in homesteads) • Quantity and quality problems and requires

recharging • Well Recharging: Technique suggested by Central

Ground Water Board of India

Climate Changes so as the Rainfall pattern

Household level Availability of Well Water in %- Census Data

Districts 2001 2011

Kasargod 77.14 62.6

Kannur 87.87 81.3

Wayanad 73.65 65.9

Kozhikode 83.35 72.8

Malappuram 86.745 78.4

Palakkad 64.65 48.4

Thrissur 71.83 63.2

Ernakulam 49.79 40.5

Idukki 43.333 40.3

Kottayam 76.67 69.9

Alappuzha 58.49 45.8

Pathanamthitta 80.64 74.4

Kollam 82.27 68.9

Thiruvananthapuram 69.03 56.9

State Total 72.18 62.0

Benefit

• Ground Water Table Improves and Open

Dug Wells will have more water during

summer

• Water Quality Improves particularly along

the coastal lines where Salinity ingression,

high iron content etc. noticed.

Before and After Recharging

Types of Well Recharging

1. Percolation of rainwater in the premises of homestead wells / Homestead watershed approaches. Percolation pits and trenches nearer to Open Dug Well, vegetative fencing, soil and water conservation through agricultural practices such as Coconut basin preparation. (Low cost and Low maintenance)

(Suitable for Mahatma Gandhi NREGS and not all fit for coastal areas)

Watersheds and Homesteads (Microscopic Watersheds)

2.Pits Around Well

• Roof rainwater harvesting and percolation of rainwater around Open Dug Well. No filter required. (Suitable for Mahatma Gandhi NREGS)

CONSERVATION OF WATER IN HIGH SLOPING AREAS CAN BE DANGEROUS

IT CAN INITIATE LANDSLIDES

3.Recharge with Filter: Components

• Well /Pond , Rain and Rooftop/catchment area

• Gutter Pipe / Pathi

• Pipes

• Filter

• First Flush

• Accessories such as Clamp, End Cap, T, Reducer, Screw, Solvent cement etc

4.Recharging with only First Flush

Roof rainwater harvesting and well recharging with only First Flush system and without filter

Cost

• Cost for PVC Pipes and Gutters

• Cost for Filter Chamber and Filter Materials

• Labour Charges

• Transportation Charges (Goods and Services)

• Cost for Cleaning the Well and Roof

• Cost varies depends upon the terrain and the location of Well from the house.

Government Orders

• Plan Fund / Own Fund: Unit cost Rs.4500/- (Rs.3375/- Subsidy + Rs.1125/- Beneficiary Contribution) LSGD 1735 /09 dated 14/7/09

• Plan Fund / Own fund: Unit Cost Rs.6250/- Rs.5000/- subsidy & Beneficiary contribution Rs.1250/- (LSGD(MS) 4/2016 dated 11/1/2016) Conditions Apply

• Plan Fund / Own fund: Unit Cost Rs.6000/- (Rs.3000/- Subsidy + Rs.3000/- Beneficiary

contribution) LSGD 296/14 dated 31/1/14

Funding Sources • IWMP : Cost varies place to place. Subsidy

90% and Beneficiary Contribution 10%

• MGNREGP: Total Rs.6000/- and New Jalasubiksha Rs.8000/-

• Western Ghat Development Scheme, NABARD watershed scheme, Jalanidhi etc

Plan Formulation stages

• Governing body meetings • Panchayat development seminar • Grama Sabha • Kudumbasree annual meetings • MGNREGP meetings • Other Information, Education and

Communication (IEC) methods • Demonstration models in Grama Panchayat /

institutions under the Panchayat where there is Real Need/ water scarcity / quality affected

Planning Stage

• Cluster Approach – Household wells of 25 Nos. to 40 Nos. or beyond

• Why Clusters? Convenience to administer, implement, monitoring, giving awareness on the subject, easy for GP members to monitor

• Assessment of Real Demand • Watershed basis suggested, advised to form user

group, priority for water scarcity / quality affected areas to be given

• If it is given on ward based distribution, it less likely to make desired impact and difficult to manage

• How much Fund to be allotted?

Poverty Lines (APL / BPL) and Water Table

• No correlation • Ground water a common property resource • applicable to water quality • Consider APL and BPL together • Experience shows APL better maintain well

recharging pipe and gutter fitting / installation • APL seen have more roof to harvest and

beneficial for common ground water recharge • BPL seen preferring chlorinated public piped

water supply

Implementation

• Mazhapolima / District Rainwater Harvesting Mission (DRHM) is in the process of availing Accredited Agency status

• Grama Panchayat Secretary / implementing officers preferably Agriculture officers can execute agreement with Plumber Groups of Mazhapolima

• Beneficiary Groups can execute agreement with Mazhapolima Plumber groups

• Mazhapolima plumbers (not contractors) advance funds for implementation as per the beneficiary list given from Grama Panchayat

• Grama Panchayat members or Beneficiary Groups helps Plumbers to locate the beneficiary households

• Plumbers purchase pipes, gutters & accessories and install the fittings

• A Baseline Survey is conducted to assess the water levels and quality from the wells. A Participatory Rural Appraisal is possible.

• A Satisfactory Completion Report jointly signed by Beneficiary, Grama Panchayat Member and the plumber is obtained.

• A sticker is affixed on the door step

MGNREGS

Beneficiary Contribution

• Applicable for Plan fund or own fund of GPs (20% / 25% / 50%)

• Beneficiary Contribution to be collected by Grama Panchayat / Beneficiary Groups

• Experience shows that beneficiaries tend not to maintain the fittings without beneficiary contribution

Monitoring

• Monitoring of well, roof and installed structures required – summer, before rain and the end of October / during North eastern monsoon.

• Water levels and Water Quality

• Who will do this? Beneficiary groups / MGNREGS Mate

Lessons Learnt and Challenges Ahead

• BPL category is seen not interested with the well recharging

• BPL prefer public piped water supply

• Inertia to attend Awareness building classes

• Installed system are often poorly maintained

First Flush System kept opened always

Unwilling to lead Roof Water for Open Well Recharging

Appropriate methods to use rainwater

Installed filter systems not cleaned by beneficiary.

Neither pipes nor gutters properly cleaned.

Mazhapolima Unit Installed July 2008

January 2011

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Common Challenges

• Mixing of wells with Toilet leach pits makes the filters of less use

• Breakages with pipes and gutters

• Unwillingness and Disagreements among Family members to direct rainwater to open dug well

• Water is not tasted sweet as in the earlier

• 25% beneficiaries remove the pipes or breakages noticed and thus Beneficiary contribution is highly essential.

Common Challenges

• People are reluctant to accept the new subject and initial inertia remains

• Abundant Rain and Complacency of water richness coupled with low hydro geological literacy among new generations.

• Fast Target Approach in the number of units implemented has reduced the scope for participatory learning process approach resulting poor awareness on the subject to the beneficiary.

Challenges at PRIs

• Panchayat Members prefers equal shares to their respective wards and thus Community Cluster approaches not applied

• This now reduced the scope for Participatory Approaches making the recharge units as Demonstration Models across

• Awareness Building without the cluster approach quite often difficult. Non attendance in the beneficiary meeting is common

• Controversy between Poverty Lines and Water Tables

5. Well Recharging through Check Dam / Chira

Temporary Check Dam / Chira

Common Doubts

1) Well is full with water / ground water table is high in rainy season and why to direct rain water to the Open Dug Well / Kinar

Answers for midlands, coastal belts, high land and saturated low soil – high rocky locations

2) Filter and its Feasibility

3) Capacity of Open Dug Wells

Common doubts

4. Individual well recharging v/s community /watershed common principle

5. Recharging in the water logged areas and coastal belts

6. Water is not tasted as sweet as earlier.

7. Difference between Toilet Pit and Dug well

8. Three “S” Site Specific, Slope Specific, Soil Specific

Model Estimate for Inclined Roof / Tiled Roof

NO Particulars Unit Rate Amount

1 150mm 2.5Kg PVC Gutter pipe 10 M 84 840

2 150mm PVC stopper 1Nos 56 56

3 150mm Pvc dropper 1Nos 60 60

4 150mm GI Clamp 10 Nos 30 300

5 63mm PVC 4kg pipe 22 M 52 1144

6 63mm PVC Bend 7 Nos 27 189

Continued….

NO Particulars Unit Rate Amount

7 63mm PVC Tee 3 Nos 55 165

8 63mm PVC elbow 3 Nos 45 135

9 63 mm x 50 mm pvc Reducer 2 Nos 34 68

10 63mm PVC coupling 1 Nos 19 19

11 63mm MTA 1Nos 19 19

12 63 mm pvc tread end cap 1 Nos 17 17

13 63mm steel clamp 20 Nos 2 40

14 Filter Tank & Materials 1 unit 2000 2000

15 Labour charge 1 unit 848 848

16

miscellaneous items (screw, nail, Solvent Cement) 1 unit 100 100

Total 6000

Model Estimate for Flat Roof

NO Particulars Unit Rate Amount

1 63mm PVC 4kg pipe 36 M 52 1872

2 63mm PVC Bend 12 Nos 27 324

3 63mm PVC Tee 5 Nos 55 275

4 63mm PVC elbow 5 Nos 45 225

5 63 mm x 50 mm pvc Reducer 7 Nos 34 238

6 63mm PVC coupling 2 Nos 19 38

7 63mm MTA 1Nos 19 19

Continued….

NO Particulars Unit Rate Amount

8 63 mm pvc tread end cap 1 Nos 17 17

9 63mm steel clamp 22Nos 2 44

10 Filter Tank & Materials 1 unit 2000 2000

11 Labour charge 1 unit 848 848

12

miscellaneous items (screw, nail, Solvent Cement) 1 unit 100 100

Total 6000