Open Access Session: International Planning History Society Conference, July 2016

Alastair Dunning4TU.Research Data, TU Delft

@alastairdunningslideshare.net/alastairdunning

Open Access in Architectural Research

Aylesbury Estate, London

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Heygate Estate, London (now demolished)

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Claremont Street, London

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Claremont Street map, London

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Aylesbury Estate map, London - dead ends, closed roads, no thoroughfares

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Estate by Meppelweg, The Hague7

Estate by Wapserveenstraat, The Hague

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Estate by Meppelweg map, The Hague - open streets and junctions9

Estate by Wapserveenstraat map, The Hague

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Sub-standard living spaces have many causes. Economics, politics influence such spaces just as much as urban design

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But designing closed spaces, creates spaces that people avoid, cannot see, ignore

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Openness encourages visitors, passers-by, travelling through, awareness and better conditions for flourishing social architecture

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Openness is a big topic in many fields. This includes scholarly communication

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How can we think about openness in the scholarly communication of architectural research?

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What is openness?

“Open Access literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.”

Traditionally, academic knowledge has been created by universities’ researchers then published and sold by publishers back to universities

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“With Open Science TU Delft wishes to reach an as wide as possible dissemination of scientific knowledge, free of charge to all users and accessible online. It entails Open Access to publications, responsible Research Data Management, Open Education and Open Source Software.”

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There are many distinct advantages for openness

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Some forms of knowledge in architectural research

DataImages Knowledge

Articles Monographs

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Journal Articles

The cost to universities: Harvard University Library on cost of subscription to closed access journals

‘"Untenable situation" at the university by making scholarly interaction "fiscally unsustainable" and "academically restrictive’

Cost to Harvard Harvard University Library of $3.5m per year

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Journal Articles

A crazy situation: Universities and their staff are undertaking the labour of writing and peer reviewing (for free) and then paying again for limited access.

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Two Points to Note

70 studies have been on greater citation rates with Open Access. 46 of the 63 conclusive studies (73%) show openness -> more citations.

Open accessdoes not meanno peer review

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How to Publish Open Access

Gold Road - Author / Funder / University pays an Article Processing Charge (APC) to allow open access. Author then follows normal procedure for publication.

Green Road - Author follows normal procedure for publication, but also deposits a version of the article in a repository (ie university repository)

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● Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) identifies Open Access journals

○ Includes 69 entries for architecture● Beall’s list of predatory and questionable publishe

rs (507 journals and 693 publishers in 2015)

● Sherpa / Romeo online service identifies traditional journals that accept hybrid OA

● Excellent alternative - Open Library of Humanities

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Questions to ask:● How ‘open’ is this journal?● Is this OA journal peer-reviewed, included in Web of

Science?● How much is the Article Processing Charge ?

(Between 100 - 3000 Euros)

Read Publisher’s Agreement before selecting the journal

Funding:● University OA funds● Funders allow for OA costs in budget

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How to Publish Open Access

Gold Road - Author / Funder / University pays an Article Processing Charge (APC) to allow open access. Author then follows normal procedure for publication.

Green Road - Author follows normal procedure for publication, but also deposits a version of the article in a repository (ie university repository)

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Sherpa / Romeo will reveal which version of an article you can deposit in an open access repository

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Monographs

“A monograph’s average library sales plummeted from around 2,000 copies in 1980, to 1,000 in the late 1980s, to 500 in the 1990s, to a little more than 200 in the early years of this century (2004)”

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Monographs

As with journals, openness changes business model - author, universities, funders pay - readers can access free of charge

And again open access does not mean no peer review

See excellent study by Collins, Milloy and Stone

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Monographs

Author Pays

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Monographs

OAPEN, an aggregator of scholarly Open Access books, a has had 2 million downloads of approx 2,000 books on its website. On average 2,000 downloads per book.

Online usage, measured through book visits and page views in Google Books, improved for open access books.

On average, discovery of open access books, measured as book visits in Google Books, increased by 142%. Online usage, measured as page views in Google books, increased by 209%

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Monographs - University Presses

Hybrid Options - free pdf, print on demand, order print

33TU Delft Architecture Faculty Books UCL Press

Other sources of openness

DataImages Knowledge

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Wikimedia

WikidataWikimedia Commons Wikipedia

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Wikimedia Commons

Why should I share my photos?

Because it gives others the convenience and

legal freedom to embed (and cite) your

work in theirs

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Europeana aggregates over 50m records to cultural heritage. It

works thanks to content made openly available, on similar

licencing to Wikimedia Commons

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Wikidata

Why should I share my data?

Because the data is can be used and

surfaced in so many ways on the Internet

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Google search intelligence (and results shown) often based on

the open data in Wikidata

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Other people can build tools

based on Wikimedia

Commons and Wikidata

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Wikipedia

Why should I waste my time on something

that is not peer-reviewed, can be vandalised and I do not get any

credit for?

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Wikipedia

Wikipedia’s quality is (with some caveats) encyclopedia quality

Wikipedia’s vandalisation is usually

cleared very quickly

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Wikipedia

‘Everyone’ looks at Wikipedia. If you want your knowledge to be

disseminated it must be included or references

in Wikipedia.

Approx Pageviews in 2015

● Bernini > 216,000● Open Access > 200,000

● Aylesbury Estate > 25,000● Monograph > 13,200

● Philip Johnson > 108,000

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Some forms of knowledge in architectural research

DataImages Knowledge

Articles Monographs

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Open Access Session: International Planning History Society Conference, July 2016

Alastair Dunning4TU.Research Data, TU Delft

@alastairdunningslideshare.net/alastairdunning (slides published tomorrow!)

Openness in Architecture

References

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Slides 1-10 - Maps and Images of Social Estates - all copyright Google Maps

Slide 16 - Quote from Peter Suber, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/brief.htm

Slide 17 - http://openscienceguide.tudelft.nl/

SLide 20 - https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/apr/24/harvard-university-journal-publishers-prices

Slide 22 - http://sparceurope.org/oaca/

Slide 23 - Slide updated from presentation from Wageningen University

Slide 29 - Willinsky, J. (2009) ‘Toward the Design of an Open Monograph Press’. Journal of Electronic Publishing [online] 12 (1). available from <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3336451.0012.103&gt;Slides 31, 32- oapen-uk.jiscebooks.org/files/2015/07/Guide-to-open-access-monograph-publishing-for-researchers-final.pdf

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability_of_Wikipedia#cite_note-Wood-7