Ontologies and Terminology

and how they relate to lexicography

Adam Kilgarriff

Auckland 2012 1Kilgarriff: Ontologies and Terminology

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Terminology

Contains terms for the objects and concepts in a domain organized according to relations between

objects Different language

Same objects, so Same organization Different terms

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Ontology Artificial Intelligence Like terminology with reasoning

Tweety is-a swallow A swallow is-a bird Birds flyInference----------------------- Tweety flies

the rationalist dream of automated reasoning

Bird• flies

swallow robin …

Tweety

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Ontology

Chris is-a dentist Chris has-practice in Lancing Chris works 9am-3pm Mon-Fri … You live-near Lancing You want-to-visit dentist You are-available …Inference---------------------------------------------------------Appointment, you, Chris, Lancing, 10am, Thursday

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Items in an ontology

Defined by relations in ontology

Labelled (only) by words/phrases in various languages

X1EN: birdFR: oiseau

X2EN: swallowFR: hirondelle

…

•Ontology/things: language independent

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Mismatches and gaps

Y1EN: body partsSP: …

Y2SP: dedo

Y5EN: armSP: bras

Y3EN: finger

Y4EN: toe

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Thesaurus (eg Roget)

Looks like a simple ontology hierarchy only supports inference?

usually fudged

Language independent?

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WordNet

Princeton Univ project, from ca 1990Thesaurus

Synonym sets or synsets Hyponyms/hyperonyms, antonyms, part-of, other

lexical relations

Free, online and available for download Very widely used Replicated for many languages, Global WN Assn

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Lexicon/dictionary

About wordsOrganized by wordsLanguage specific

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Rationalists Empiricists

Structure Depth Logic Semantic Web

Terminology

Data Breadth Statistics Google

Lexicography

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Terminology Lexicography

What is the thing called in languages x, y, z

What kind of thing is it Is-a link Its place in ontology

Well-structured hierarchy

How does the word behave? what does it denote?

Where does it occur?

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Synthesis Thesis

Ontology, terminology, taxonomical lexicography Semantic web, Roget, WordNets

Antithesis Corpus lexicography

Synthesis: integrating language-independent structure language-specific word/phrase behaviour

Corpus-based terminology FrameNet

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Summary

words

Lexicon

Thesaurus/Terminology

Ontology

things