Globalization and the Rise of English

Noble Causes of Globalization

Historical Lessons

Hopes for Better Future

Three Fundamental Issues Surrounding Globalization

1

The political issues are manifested in the establishment of the following transnational organizations .

Three Fundamental Issues Surrounding Globalization

2

Bias on Economic Issues

The economical issues are manifested in the establishment of transnational market and corporation

Three Fundamental Issues Surrounding Globalization3

Globalization=Westernization/Americanization

Erosion of Local Traditions and Local

ValuesOther examples?

One of the Beneficial Impacts of Globalization

Other Examples?

‘Globalization’ is a threat to linguistic diversity:

Language Death

The Dissemination of English around the World:Linguistic Imperialism

English: A Global and Imperial Language

David Crystal:English as a Global Language

Why is English nowadays considered as a global language?What are some of the proofs that English now has become a global language?

What factors seem to underlie the ascension of English to its global status?

The Spread of English Varieties According to Kachruvian Circles Theory

(B.B. Kachru, 1992)

Kachru’s Three Concentric Circles of

World Englishes

Robert Phillipson:Linguistic Imperialism

Why has English been accused of being imperialistic toward other languages in the world?How do you define ‘linguistic deprivation’, ‘linguicide’ and ‘language suicide’?

Do you agree with the idea that English has transformed into a killer language? Explain!

British and American Global Mission

“What the World needs most is about 1000 more dead languages – and one more alive”(C.K. Ogden, Cambridge semanticist and inventor of Basic English)

“The British Council is the UK’s ’international organization for educational opportunities and cultural relations—registered in England as a charity”

The British Council (BC), The International Monetary Fund (IMF), The World Bank and world-class Anglophone mass media are in cahoots to elevate English into its global status

(Robert Phillipson)

The British Council’s Indoctrination

• The best way to teach English is using the monolingual method of instructions.

• An ideal teacher of English is a native speaker of the language

• The sooner English is taught the better

• The more English is taught the better

• If other languages than English are learnt more, the English proficiency standard will become less.

Debatable Arguments• Intrinsic Argument (English is seen as more representative, rich, prestigious,

classy and interesting than other languages)

• Extrinsic Argument (English is thought to have become an established language with large number of speakers and abundant amount of teaching and learning materials)

• Functional Argument (English is positioned as an entrance gate to reach out the world)

• Economical Functionality Argument (Knowledge of English enables its speakers to operate technological innovations)

• Symbolic and Idealistic Functions (English is perceived as representative of particular concepts (e.g. modernity) and constructive in terms of linguistic identity)

English: A lingua franca?• lingua economica? corporate neoliberalism = americanisation• lingua emotiva? Hollywood, music• lingua cultura? a subject in general education• lingua bellica? Afghanistan, Iraq, arms trade• lingua academica? publications, conferences, medium for content learning• lingua tyrannosaura? subtractive in specific domains

The Uses of English in Non-English Contexts:Globally-Shared Popular Culture (GSPC)

The Uses of English in Non-English Contexts: The Linguistic Construction of Identity

Questions in Relation to the Uses of English in Non-English Contexts

Why is English preferred instead of the other language(s)?

Does it suggest the linguistic deficiency of the other language(s)?

What are some of the symbolic functions of English in Non-English contexts?

Language Preservation

Sources:

The content of this presentation is taken from:

1. A Lecture on Political Science 1200 (The Ohio State University) accessed via www.youtoube.com

2. A Master Dissertation submitted to the University of Birmingham, UK (Heri Yusup, 2013)

3. Various Online Resources for Academic Purposes