On Chip Bus

SOC Consortium Course Material

On Chip BusOn Chip Bus

Speaker: 沈文中

National Taiwan University

Adopted from National Taiwan University

SOC Course Material

2SOC Consortium Course Material

Outline

AMBA Bus– Advanced System Bus– Advanced High-performance Bus– Advanced Peripheral Bus

IP Design flowFPGA design flow

Bus Architecture

Outline

AMBA Bus– Advanced System Bus

• High performance• Pipelined operation• Multiple bus master

– Advanced High-performance Bus– Advanced Peripheral Bus

ASB characters

Negative edge triggerTri-state bus

– Drawback: More effort used to control timing– Advantage: cost less area

Outline

AMBA Bus– Advanced System Bus– Advanced High-performance Bus

• High performance• Pipelined operation• Multiple bus master• Burst transfers• Split transactions

– Advanced Peripheral Bus

AHB simple Arch.

AHB Components

AHB Components– AHB master is able to initiate read and write operations

by providing an address and control information. Only one bus master is allowed to actively use the bus at any one time.(max. 16)

– AHB slave responds to a read or write operation within a given address-space range. The bus slave signals back to the active master the success, failure or waiting of the data transfer.

AHB Components(ii)

AHB Components– AHB arbiter ensures that only one bus master at a time

is allowed to initiate data transfers. – AHB decoder is used to decode the address of each

transfer and provide a select signal for the slave that is involved in the transfer. A single centralized decoder is required in all AHB implementations.

AHB Signals(i)

AHB Signals can be classified as– Clock (HCLK)– Address and read/write data (HADDR, HRDATA,

HWDATA)– Arbitration (HGRANTx, HMASTER, HMASTLOCK,…)– Control signal (HRESETn,…)– Response signal(HREADY, HRESP)

AHB Signals(ii)

Transfer signals– HCLK

• bus clock. All signal timings are related to the rising edge.

– HADDR[31:0]• 32 bits system bus

– HWDATA/HRDATA [31:0]• 32 bits write/read data bus

– HWRITE• High: write data

• Low: read data

– HREADY• Transfer done

AHB Signals(ii)Basic Transfer

Each transfer consists of– An address and control cycle– One or more cycles for the data

AHB Arch.

AHB Signals(iii)

Control signals– HTRANS[1:0]

• Current transfer type

– HBURST[2:0]• When sequential transfer, control transfer relation

– HSIZE[2:0]• Control transfer size=2^HSIZE bytes(max=1024bits)

– HPROT[3:0]• Protection data

AHB Signals(iii)-HTRANS

HTRANS[1:0]– IDLE: master don’t need data to be transfered– BUSY: allows bus masters to insert IDLE cycles in the

middle of bursts of transfers.– NONSEQ: The address and control signals are unrelated

to the previous transfer.– SEQ: the address is related to the previous transfer.

AHB Signals(iii)-HBURST

AHB Signals(iv)

Response signals– HREADY

• Transfer done, ready for next transfer

– HRESP[1:0]• OKAY transfer complete• ERROR transfer failure(ex: write ROM)• RETRY higher priority master can access bus• SPLIT other master can access bus

AHB Signals(v)

Arbiter signals– HGRANTx

• Select active bus master

– HMASTER[3:0]• Multiplex signals that sent from master to slave

– HMASTLOCK• Locked sequence

Master signal

Arbiter signal

Slave signal

Outline

• Low power• Latched address and control• Simple interface• Suitable for many peripherals

APB state diagram

APB signals

APB character – Always two cycle transfer– No wait cycle and response signal

APB signals– PCLK Bus clock ， rising edge is used to time all

transfers.– PRESETn APB reset 。 active Low.

APB signals

PADDR[31:0] APB address bus.PSELx Indicates that the slave device is selected.

There is a PSELx signal for each slave.PENABLE Indicates the second cycle of an APB

transfer.PWRITE Transfer direction. High for write access,

Low for read access.PRDATA Read data busPWDATA Write data bus

Outline

IP Design flow– Memory definition– IP design-SW– IP design-HW

FPGA design flow

Memory definition

•Self-designed IP can be located in the Bus error response area

•Defined in AHBDecoder.v

AMBA IP design (1/4)

Add an IP (MYIP) into the system which includes– a ZBT SSRAM controller– an AHB to APB bridge– an APB register peripheral– an APB interrupt controller– an address decoder

Slave #1

Slave #2 Logic Module

MYIPSlave #3

AHB APB

Supplied HDL file– AHBAHBTop.v– AHBDecoder.v– AHBMuxS2M.v– AHBZBTRAM.v– AHB2APB.v– AHBAPBSys.v– APBIntCon.v– APBRegs.v

Slave #2

Slave #1

Slave #3

Bus Interconnection

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

Decoder

HWDATA

HRDATA

Slave #1

Slave #2

Slave #3

Logic Module

HWDATA

HRDATA

Master #1

Master #2HADDR

HWDATA

HRDATA

Arbiter

Software part– Write a function to control hardware– Delay number of clocks by NOOP (asm) instruction

Hardware part– Design your own IP module MYIP.v– Change AHBDecoder.v– Change AHBMuxS2M.v– Change AHBAHBTop.v to include MYIP into top module

IP design-HW (1/4)

Design your own IP module MYIP.v– Write your own module MYIP.v with AMBA AHB Slave

interface

MYIP.v

HADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

HCKLHRESETn

HREADYInHTRANS

HSIZEHWRITE

HREADYOutHRESP

MYIP circuit

AHB Slave Interface

READ WRITE

IP design-HW (2/4)

Change AHBDecoder.v– Add HSELMYIP signal to select MYIP to response– Address are defined in decoder

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

Decoder

HADDR to all slaves

Slave #1

Slave #2

Logic Module

HADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

Master #1

Master #2HADDR

HWDATA

HRDATA

MuxHADDR_M1[31:0]

HADDR_M2[31:0]

HSEL_S1HSEL_S2HSELMYIP

Address and control mux

IP design-HW (3/4)

Change AHBMuxS2M.v– Use Mux to select slave which can use HRDATA

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

Decoder

HRDATA

Slave #1

Slave #2

Logic Module

MasterHADDR

HWDATA

HRDATA

IP design-HW (4/4)

Change AHBAHBTop.v– Add your module in AMBA bus– Connect the above net connection

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

HSELHADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

Decoder

HWDATA

HRDATA

Slave #1

Slave #2

Logic Module

Architecture

AHBDecoder AHBMuxS2M

AHBZBTRAM MYIP

ZBTSRAM

AHBAHBTop

AHB2APB

APBIntCon

APBregs

AHBAPBsys

Files Description of Example

Hardware files .\Lab6\Codes\HW\Verilog\– AHBAHBTop.v– AHBDecoder.v– AHBMuxS2M.v– AHBZBTRAM.v– AHB2APB.v– AHBAPBSys.v– APBIntCon.v– APBRegs.v– MYIP.v

Software program files .\Lab6\Codes\SW\– sw.mcp– register.c – platform.h– rw_support.s

For FPGA synthesis tool to generate bitstream

For CodeWarrior to generate sw.axf

Hardware file MYIP.v

MYIP.v– A simple IP template with 8 32-bit registers wrapped with

simple AHB slave interface– This file is modified from AHBZBTRAM.v

HADDRHWDATA

HRDATA

HCKLHRESETn

HREADYInHTRANS

HSIZEHWRITE

HREADYOutHRESP

MYIP circuit

AHB Slave Interface

READ WRITE

Outline

IP Design flow FPGA design flow

– Compile flow & Download flow (Xilinx)– Compile flow & Download flow (Altera)

Compile flow (1/2) (Xilinx)

All Verilog module must be synthesized by Xilinx Software

Compile flow (2/2) (Xilinx)

Add register.ucf (define the pin assignment) into project

Double click generate programming file to generate *.bit (which can be downloaded into FPGA)

Download flow (Xilinx)

Connect config link Connect Multi-ICE to Logic ModulePower onUse progcards.exe to download register.bit fileRemove config linkPower off

Outline

IP Design flow FPGA design flow

– Compile flow & Download flow (Xilinx)– Compile flow & Download flow (Altera)

Compile flow (1/2) (Altera)

All Verilog module must be synthesized by Altera Software (Quartus II)

Compile flow (2/2) (Altera)

Modify Pinout.csf into ahbahbtop.csf to define the pin assignment

Push the Compile bottom to generate *.rbf (which can be downloaded into FPGA)

Download flow (Altera)

Use the text-editor to produce a .brd file (configuration file for progcards.exe)

Power offConnect Multi-ICE to Logic ModuleSet the LM in Config ModePower onAuto-config again in the MultiICE Server programUse progcards.exe to download bitstream

On Chip Bus

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